Honors Chemistry
Name: __________________________________________ Date: _______________ Mods: _________
Introduction to Ions!
1) Define valence electrons:
2) Indicate the number of valence electrons for each group on the periodic table.
Group 1 (Alkali metals): _____
Group 15 (Nitrogen family): _____
Group 2 (Alkaline-earth metals: _____
Group 16 (Chalcogens): _____
Group 13 (Boron family): _____
Group 17 (Halogens): _____
Group 14 (Carbon family): _____
Group 18 (Noble gases): _____
3) Bohr diagrams show how many total electrons are in an atom and to which energy levels
those electrons belong. Draw the example Bohr diagrams from the board in the space below.
Generic
Bohr
Diagram
Helium: _________________________________
Oxygen: _______________________________
Argon: __________________________________
4) Lewis structures show only the valence electrons for an atom. Draw the example Lewis
structures from the board in the space below.
5) What is an ion?: An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative charge. There are
two types of ions: cations and anions (see table below for differences)
Cations are all METALS.
Anions are all NON-METALS.
Metals are to the left of the staircase.
Non-metals are to the right of the staircase.
A neutral metal atom LOSES electrons.
A neutral non-metal atom GAINS electrons.
Cations are POSITIVELY charged.
Anions are NEGATIVELY charged.
Cations are named the same as the atom.
Anions are named by chopping the end of the
atom’s name and adding “ide”.
Ex) atom = _______________________
Ex) atom = _______________________
ion = ________________________
ion = ________________________
6) Octet Rule: All elements really want to have 8 valence electrons (like the noble gases do) so an
atom will either gain, lose, or share electrons until they achieve a complete octet!
Common Ionic Charges of the Main Group Periodic Families:
1
2
13
14
15
16
17
18
Lewis Symbol
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Gain or Lose
------------------# of electrons
-----------
-----------
-----------
-----------
-----------
-----------
-----------
-----------
Group #
Ionic Charge
7) Fill in the table below using the relationship below.
Relationship between # of protons, # of electrons, and charge of an ion:
# of protons – # of electrons in ion = ionic charge
Atom’s Name
a.
Ion’s Name
Ionic
Charge
# of ein
ATOM
# of ein ION
Potassium
b.
–3
c.
18
13
d.
Nitride
e.
f.
# of p+
in
element
+2
Iodine
36
Like which
noble gas?
Practice with Ions and Subatomic Particles
Directions: Using your knowledge of ions and the periodic table, fill in the table below.
Element
Ion
Symbol
Cation (C)
or
Anion (A)
Name of ion
# of p+ in
element
# of e- in
ion
Like which
noble gas?
1
He
Lithium
2
Mg2+
3
aluminum
4
38
5
36
5
6
Calcium
7
54
8
18
Phosphorus
9
sulfide
10
F1-
11
nitride
12
35
13
Se2-
36
14
Arsenic
15
Iodine
Directions: Circle the words that best complete the sentences below:
16) Cations are formed when [ metals or
17) Within a cation, there are [ more
or
nonmetals ] [ gain
less
] electrons than protons.
18) Anions are formed when [ metals or
nonmetals ] [ gain
19) Within an anion, there are [ more
less
or
or lose ] electrons.
or lose ] electrons.
] electrons than protons.