FETAL PIG DISSECTION SUMMARY TABLE
ORGAN
SYSTEM
ORGAN
Digestive
System
Oral Cavity
(mouth,
teeth,
tongue)
JUDY L., KATHY Y., SARAH L.
STRUCTURE
DESCRIPTION/FUNCTION
The mouth is the beginning of the digestive
system where chewing occurs and saliva
mixes with food. Inside the mouth, the
teeth serve to chew, chop and grind the
food into smaller pieces and increase its
surface area for hydrolysis and absorption.
The tongue is a muscular organ that
manipulates the food and is essential
during chewing and swallowing. It is also
used for taste.
Tongue
Teeth
Salivary
Glands
Parotid Gland
Masseter
Sublingual
Gland
Uvula
Not able to be found.
The salivary glands secrete watery liquid
called saliva that contains digestive
enzymes and mucus to help chemically
digest food. It also helps keep the mouth
and parts of the digestive system moist and
allows food to be easily swallowed.
While swallowing, the uvula prevents food
from entering the nasal cavity by closing off
the opening to the nasopharynx.
Esophagus
Esophagus
Stomach
Stomach
The esophagus is a tube connecting the
pharynx to the stomach. It serves to
transport food, liquids and saliva to the
stomach to continue digestion. The
esophagus uses peristalsis – muscle
contractions – to push the food down the
tube.
The stomach is a muscular organ located
slightly on the left side of the abdomen. It is
an elastic sac that serves to continue the
mechanical and chemical digestion of food.
It secretes gastric juice (a mixture of
hydrochloric acid, mucus and enzymes)
that kills bacteria and breaks down protein.
Mucus lines its walls to prevent the
stomach from digesting itself.
Pancreas
The pancreas secretes digestive juices and
enzymes into the small intestine. This
pancreatic juice is an alkaline liquid that
neutralizes chime and helps with further
breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and
fats.
Pancreas
Liver
The liver is the body’s largest internal
organ. It produces yellowish alkaline liquid
called bile that helps prepare fats for
hydrolysis. Bile separates fat droplets to
enable an easier breakdown.
Liver
Gallbladder
The gallbladder is a small sac-like
structure that serves to store the bile the
liver has produced. It releases the bile
when chime enters the duodenum.
Gallbladder
Small
Intestine
The small intestine is a narrow, coiling tube
made of three parts. The duodenum is the
first part, connecting from the stomach. It
completes chemical digestion of the food
and begins absorption of nutrients. The
jejunum and ileum then continue the
nutrient absorption.
Small Intestine
Large
Intestine
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Circulator
y System
Blood
(plasma,
red blood
cells,
hemoglobin
, white
blood cells,
platelets)
Not able to be seen.
The large intestine, or the colon, is a short,
wide tube that is the final section of the
alimentary canal. Its primary purpose is to
reabsorb water from the digested food and
then store the remaining waste in the
rectum. Eventually, this waste will exit
through the anus.
Highly specialized connective tissue,
containing plasma and various cells, that is
used to transport oxygen (red blood cells),
water, nutrients, and other chemicals
throughout the body. It also removes waste
products from tissues and delivers them to
areas where they can be removed from the
body. Blood also helps to regulate body
temperature, fight infection (white blood
cells) and heal wounds (platelets).
Blood
Vessels
(aorta,
arteries,
arterioles,
pulmonary
artery)
Aorta
Arteries
Veins
Blood
Vessels
(superior
and inferior
vena cava,
veins,
venules,
pulmonary
vein)
Blood
Vessels
(capillaries
and gas
exchange)
Pulmonary vein
Superior Vena Cava
Not able to be seen.
Blood vessels are tubes that transport
blood to various regions of the body. The
aorta is the largest artery in the body.
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood
(usually oxygenated) away from the heart.
Arterioles are smaller blood vessels that
branch off arteries. The pulmonary artery
is an unique artery that transports
deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Blood vessels are tubes that transport
blood to various regions of the body. The
superior and inferior vena cava are two
of the largest veins in the body. Veins are
blood vessels that transport blood (usually
deoxygenated) towards the heart. Venules
are smaller blood vessels that branch off of
veins. The pulmonary vein is an unique
vein that transports oxygenated blood from
the lungs to the heart.
Blood vessels are tubes that transport
blood to various regions of the body.
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels
that are only one cell thick. Capillary beds
are the areas of gas exchange where the
transfer of oxygen occurs through diffusion.
Heart
Chambers
In the heart, there are four heart
chambers. The right atrium is the
chamber that receives deoxygenated blood
from the superior vena cava. The right
ventricle is the chamber that receives
deoxygenated blood from the right atrium.
The left atrium is the chamber that
Right Atrium
receives oxygenated blood from the
Left Atrium
pulmonary veins. The left ventricle is the
chamber that receives oxygenated blood
Right Ventricle from the left atrium and sends it through
the aorta.
Left Ventricle
Heart
Valves
Not able to be seen.
Heart valves are structures in the heart
that prevent the backflow of blood into
other chambers. The tricuspid valve is an
atrioventricular valve that prevents the
backflow of deoxygenated blood from the
right ventricle into the right atrium. The
pulmonary valve is semi lunar valve that
prevents the backflow of deoxygenated
blood from the pulmonary arteries into the
right ventricle. The mitral valve is an
atrioventricular valve that prevents the
backflow of oxygenated blood from the left
ventricle into the left atrium. The aortic
valve is a semi lunar bicuspid valve that
prevents the backflow of oxygenated blood
from the aorta into the left ventricle.
Pacemaker
(sinoatrial
node)
Not able to be seen.
The pacemaker is a region located in the
wall of the right atrium that generates
electrical impulses that sets the rate of
contraction of the heart.
Spleen
The spleen is an organ that is located in the
upper left part of the abdomen under the
ribcage with the function of removing old
or damaged blood cells, storing platelets,
and controlling the amount of blood and
blood cells that circulate through the body.
Spleen
Thyroid
Gland
Thyroid Gland
Thymus
Gland
Unable to be found
The thyroid gland is located along the
front of the trachea and secretes hormones
to influence metabolism, growth and
development, and body temperature.
The thymus gland is located on top of the
sternum and serves a vital role in the
development of white blood cells (T-cells),
and the production of several hormones.
Respirator
y System
Nasal Cavity
(Nose,
hairs,
mucus)
Nose
The nasal cavity is a hollow space within
the nose and skull that warms, moisturizes
and filters the air entering the body. Air
comes in through the nose (the body’s
organ for smell). The inside of the nose is
lined with hairs and mucus to filter and
trap foreign particles.
Unable to see hairs and mucus.
Pharynx
Unable to be found.
The pharynx is a hollow tube that starts
behind the nose and ends at the top of the
trachea and esophagus. It serves as an
entryway for the trachea and esophagus.
Larynx
The larynx is a tube-shaped organ that is
located between the pharynx and trachea.
It contains vocal chords that are used to
produce sounds for speech.
Larynx
Epiglottis
The epiglottis is a flexible flap at the top of
the larynx. It allows air to enter the trachea
and food to enter the esophagus.
Epiglottis
Trachea
(cilia)
The trachea, commonly known as the
windpipe, is a tube-shaped organ that runs
down behind the sternum and attaches to
the lungs. It is an entryway for air to reach
the lungs.
Trachea
Bronchi
(cilia)
Bronchi are two branches of the trachea
that extend into the lungs. They allow air to
reach the lungs. Cilia are microscopic hairlike structures inside the bronchi that keep
the airways clear of mucus and dirt. They
sweep foreign particles out of the airways
in a rhythmic motion.
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Bronchioles are small airways that branch
off of the bronchi. They allow air to pass
into the alveoli for gas exchange.
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Unable to be seen.
Alveoli are clusters of small sacs located at
the end of bronchioles. They are the areas
for gas exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
Lungs
(pleural
membrane
and lobes)
Right Lung
Left Lung
Note: the lungs were
held misleadingly: the
labels are correct
The lungs are two large organs in the chest
cavity. They are the site of gas exchange.
The right lung is divided into 3 lobes
whereas the left lung is divided into 2
lobes. Consequently, the right lung has a
larger volume and total capacity.
Diaphragm
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle
that separates the thoracic cavity and the
abdominal cavity. It plays a large role in
respiration (breathing). When the
diaphragm contracts and flattens, air enters
the lungs. When it inflates, air exits the
lungs.
Diaphragm
Urinary
System
Kidneys
Left Kidney
Right Kidney
The kidneys are a pair of organs located in
the back of the abdomen that filters the
blood, removes wastes, controls the body’s
fluid balance and regulate the balance of
electrolytes. They also create urine.
Ureter
The ureter is a tube located between the
kidneys and urinary bladder that carries
urine from the kidneys into the urinary
bladder.
Ureter
Urinary
Bladder
The urinary bladder is a muscular sac in
the pelvis that stores and eliminates urine
during urination.
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Unable to be found.
The urethra is a tube connecting the
urinary bladder to the genitals, allowing
the excretion of urine from the urinary
bladder.
Adrenal
Gland
Unable to be found.
The adrenal gland, also known as the
suprarenal gland, is located at the top of
each kidney. It creates hormones that are
essential to a healthy life. Theses hormones
are important in metabolic processes,
reproductive processes and conservation of
nutrients.