bit25866-sup-0001-Suppmat-S1
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Supporting Information Achieving Complete Nitrogen Removal by Coupling Nitritation-Anammox and Methane-Dependent Denitrification: A Model-Based Study Xueming Chen, Jianhua Guo, Guo-Jun Xie, Zhiguo Yuan, Bing-Jie Ni* Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia *Corresponding author: Bing-Jie Ni, P +61 7 3346 3230; F +61 7 3365 4726; E-mail b.ni@uq.edu.au Running title: Complete Nitrogen Removal by Coupling Anammox and DAMO The following are included as supporting information for this paper: S1 Table S1. Process Kinetic Rate Equations for the Biological Reaction Model (Chen et al. 2015) Process Kinetics rates expressions Ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) 1. Growth of AOB ππ΄ππ΅ πππ»4 ππ2 π΄ππ΅ π΄ππ΅ ππ΄ππ΅ πππ»4 + πΎππ»4 ππ2 + πΎπ2 ππ2 2. Aerobic endogenous ππ΄ππ΅ π΄ππ΅ ππ΄ππ΅ respiration of AOB ππ2 + πΎπ2 π΄ππ΅ 3. Anoxic endogenous πΎπ2 πππ3 π π π΄ππ΅ π΄ππ΅ π΄ππ΅ π΄ππ΅ ππ΄ππ΅ respiration of AOB ππ2 + πΎπ2 πππ3 + πΎππ3 Nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) πππ2 ππ2 4. Growth of NOB ππππ΅ πππ΅ πππ΅ ππππ΅ πππ2 + πΎππ2 ππ2 + πΎπ2 ππ2 5. Aerobic endogenous ππππ΅ πππ΅ ππππ΅ respiration of NOB ππ2 + πΎπ2 πππ΅ 6. Anoxic endogenous πΎπ2 πππ3 ππππ΅ ππππ΅ πππ΅ πππ΅ ππππ΅ respiration of NOB ππ2 + πΎπ2 πππ3 + πΎππ3 DAMO archaea π·π π·π 7. Growth of DAMO archaea πΎπΌ,ππ2 πππ3 ππΆπ»4 πΎπ2 ππ·π π·π π·π π·π π·π ππ·π πππ3 + πΎππ3 ππΆπ»4 + πΎπΆπ»4 ππ2 + πΎπ2 πππ2 + πΎπΌ,ππ2 ππ2 8. Aerobic endogenous ππ·π π·π ππ·π respiration of DAMO archaea ππ2 + πΎπ2 π·π 9. Anoxic endogenous πΎπ2 πππ3 ππ·π ππ·π π·π π·π ππ·π respiration of DAMO archaea ππ2 + πΎπ2 πππ3 + πΎππ3 DAMO bacteria π·π π·π 10. Growth of DAMO πΎπΌ,ππ2 πππ2 ππΆπ»4 πΎπ2 ππ·π π·π π·π π·π π·π ππ·π bacteria πππ2 + πΎππ2 ππΆπ»4 + πΎπΆπ»4 ππ2 + πΎπ2 πππ2 + πΎπΌ,ππ2 ππ2 11. Aerobic endogenous ππ·π π·π ππ·π respiration of DAMO bacteria ππ2 + πΎπ2 π·π 12. Anoxic endogenous πΎπ2 πππ3 π π respiration of DAMO bacteria π·π π·π ππ2 + πΎ π·π πππ3 + πΎ π·π ππ·π π2 ππ3 Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (Anammox) π΄π π΄π 13. Growth of Anammox πΎπΌ,ππ2 πππ2 πππ»4 πΎπ2 ππ΄π π΄π π΄π π΄π π΄π ππ΄π πππ2 + πΎππ2 πππ»4 + πΎππ»4 ππ2 + πΎπ2 πππ2 + πΎπΌ,ππ2 ππ2 14. Aerobic endogenous ππ΄π π΄π ππ΄π respiration of Anammox ππ2 + πΎπ2 π΄π 15. Anoxic endogenous πΎπ2 πππ3 π π π΄π π΄π π΄π π΄π ππ΄π respiration of Anammox ππ2 + πΎπ2 πππ3 + πΎππ3 S2 Table S2. Stoichiometric Matrix for the Biological Reaction Model (Chen et al. 2015) Variable Process 1 SNH4 N −πππ΅π − 1 ππ΄ππ΅ 2 πππ΅π − ππππΌ ∗ ππΌ 3 πππ΅π − ππππΌ ∗ ππΌ 4 −πππ΅π 5 πππ΅π − ππππΌ ∗ ππΌ 6 πππ΅π − ππππΌ ∗ ππΌ 7 −πππ΅π 8 πππ΅π − ππππΌ ∗ ππΌ 9 πππ΅π − ππππΌ ∗ ππΌ 10 −πππ΅π 11 πππ΅π − ππππΌ ∗ ππΌ 12 πππ΅π − ππππΌ ∗ ππΌ 13 SNO2 N 1 ππ΄ππ΅ −πππ΅π − 1 ππ΄π 14 πππ΅π − ππππΌ ∗ ππΌ 15 πππ΅π − ππππΌ ∗ ππΌ SNO3 N 1 − ππΌ 2.86 1 ππππ΅ − − 1 ππππ΅ SN2 N SCH4 COD SO2 O2 3.43 − ππ΄ππ΅ − ππ΄ππ΅ XAOB COD −(1 − ππΌ ) −1 ππΌ −1 ππΌ 1 − ππΌ 2.86 − 1.14 − ππππ΅ ππππ΅ −(1 − ππΌ ) 1 − ππ·π 1.14ππ·π 1 − ππΌ − 2.86 1 − ππ·π − 1.14ππ·π 1 − ππΌ 2.86 − 1 ππ·π − 1 − ππ·π 1.71ππ·π 1 − ππΌ 2.86 1 − ππΌ 2.86 1 − ππ·π 1.71ππ·π − 1 ππ·π − 1 1 − ππ΄π 1.14 1 − ππΌ 2.86 1 1.14 1 − ππΌ 2.86 2 ππ΄π 1 − ππΌ 2.86 XAn COD XI COD 1 1 −1 ππΌ −1 ππΌ −1 ππΌ −1 ππΌ −1 ππΌ −1 ππΌ 1 −(1 − ππΌ ) − XDb COD 1 −(1 − ππΌ ) − XDa COD 1 −(1 − ππΌ ) − XNOB COD 1 − ππΌ 2.86 S3 −1 ππΌ −1 ππΌ Table S3. Stoichiometric and Kinetic Parameters of the Developed Model (Chen et al. 2015) Parameter Definition Stoichiometric parameters ππ΄ππ΅ Yield coefficient for AOB ππππ΅ Yield coefficient for NOB ππ·π Yield coefficient for DAMO archaea ππ·π Yield coefficient for DAMO bacteria ππ΄π Yield coefficient for Anammox πππ΅π Nitrogen content of biomass ππππΌ Nitrogen content of XI ππΌ Fraction of XI in biomass decay Ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) ππ΄ππ΅ Maximum growth rate of AOB ππ΄ππ΅ Aerobic endogenous respiration rate π΄ππ΅ πΎππ»4 πππ»4 affinity constant for AOB π΄ππ΅ πΎπ2 ππ2 affinity constant for AOB π΄ππ΅ πΎππ3 πππ3 affinity constant for AOB ππ΄ππ΅ Anoxic reduction factor for AOB Nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) ππππ΅ Maximum growth rate of NOB ππππ΅ Aerobic endogenous respiration rate πππ΅ πΎππ2 πππ2 affinity constant for NOB πππ΅ πΎπ2 ππ2 affinity constant for NOB πππ΅ πΎππ3 πππ3 affinity constant for NOB ππππ΅ Anoxic reduction factor for NOB DAMO archaea ππ·π Maximum growth rate of DAMO archaea ππ·π Endogenous respiration rate π·π πΎππ3 πππ3 affinity constant for DAMO archaea π·π πΎπΆπ»4 ππΆπ»4 affinity constant for DAMO archaea π·π πΎπ2 ππ2 inhibition constant for DAMO archaea π·π πΎπΌ,ππ2 πππ2 inhibition constant for DAMO archaea ππ·π Anoxic reduction factor for DAMO archaea DAMO bacteria ππ·π Maximum growth rate of DAMO bacteria ππ·π Endogenous respiration rate π·π πΎππ2 πππ2 affinity constant for DAMO bacteria π·π πΎπΆπ»4 ππΆπ»4 affinity constant for DAMO bacteria π·π πΎπ2 ππ2 inhibition constant for DAMO bacteria π·π πΎπΌ,ππ2 πππ2 inhibition constant for DAMO bacteria π·π πΎππ3 πππ3 affinity constant for DAMO bacteria ππ·π Anoxic reduction factor for DAMO bacteria Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (Anammox) ππ΄π Maximum growth rate of Anammox ππ΄π Aerobic endogenous respiration rate π΄π πΎππ2 πππ2 affinity constant for Anammox π΄π πΎππ»4 πππ»4 affinity constant for Anammox π΄π πΎπ2 ππ2 inhibition constant for Anammox π΄π πΎπΌ,ππ2 πππ2 inhibition constant for Anammox π΄π πΎππ3 πππ3 affinity constant for Anammox ππ΄π Anoxic reduction factor for Anammox S4 Value Unit Source 0.150 0.041 0.071 0.055 0.159 0.07 0.02 0.10 g COD g-1 N g COD g-1 N g COD g-1 COD g COD g-1 COD g COD g-1 N g N g-1 COD g N g-1 COD g COD g-1 COD Wiesmann 1994 Wiesmann 1994 Chen et al. 2014 Chen et al. 2014 Strous et al. 1998 Henze et al. 2000 Henze et al. 2000 Henze et al. 2000 0.0854 0.0054 2.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 h-1 h-1 g N m-3 g COD m-3 g N m-3 - Wiesmann 1994 Wiesmann 1994 Wiesmann 1994 Wiesmann 1994 Terada et al. 2007 Koch et al. 2000 0.0604 0.0025 5.5 2.2 0.5 0.5 h-1 h-1 g N m-3 g COD m-3 g N m-3 - Wiesmann 1994 Wiesmann 1994 Wiesmann 1994 Wiesmann 1994 Terada et al. 2007 Koch et al. 2000 0.00151 0.00018 0.11 5.888 0.64 57.4 0.5 h-1 h-1 g N m-3 g COD m-3 g COD m-3 g N m-3 - Chen et al. 2014 Chen et al. 2014 Chen et al. 2014 Chen et al. 2014 Lopes et al. 2011 He et al. 2013 Adapted from Henze et al. 2000 0.0018 0.00018 0.01 5.888 0.64 57.4 0.5 h-1 h-1 g N m-3 g COD m-3 g COD m-3 g N m-3 g N m-3 0.5 - Chen et al. 2014 Chen et al. 2014 Chen et al. 2014 Chen et al. 2014 Lopes et al. 2011 He et al. 2013 Adapted from Henze et al. 2000 Adapted from Henze et al. 2000 0.003 0.00013 0.05 0.07 0.01 400 0.5 0.5 h-1 h-1 g N m-3 g N m-3 g COD m-3 g N m-3 g N m-3 - Koch et al. 2000 Hao et al. 2002 Hao et al. 2002 Strous et al. 1998 Strous et al. 1998 Lotti et al. 2012 Terada et al. 2007 Koch et al. 2000 Table S4. Experimental Conditions of Batch Tests for Model Evaluation Batch test Initial concentration (g N m-3) Duration (h) NO3- NO2- NH4+ A - 91.5 101.8 8 B - 110.4 173.4 4.5 C - 78.3 28.9 6 D - 88.1 36.4 10 E 202.7 - 59.2 30 F 161.8 - 86.7 25 S5 Figure S1. Sensitivity function for TN removal efficiency in the MBfR. The applied TN surface loading (LTN), pre-nitritation produced NO2-/NH4+ ratio, methane surface loading (LCH4) and biofilm thickness (Lf) were 0.68 g N m-2 d-1, 1.32, 0.062 g m-2 d-1 and 1000 µm, respectively. S6 Figure S2. Flow diagrams of (A) separate partial nitritation and Anammox-DAMO biofilm system and (B) single-stage MBfR coupling nitritation-Anammox-DAMO processes. S7 Figure S3. Model simulation results of the single-stage MBfR coupling nitritationAnammox-DAMO (depth zero represents the membrane surface at the base of the biofilm): (A) Microbial population distribution; (B) substrate profiles; and (C) species-specific nitrogen turnover rates. The applied influent TN concentration, bulk liquid DO concentration, TN surface loading (LTN), methane surface loading (LCH4) and biofilm thickness (Lf) were 300 g N m-3, 0.17 g m-3, 0.41 g N m-2 d-1, 0.009 g m-2 d-1 and 1000 µm, respectively. S8 Additional References: Chen, X., Guo, J., Xie, G.-J., Liu, Y., Yuan, Z., and Ni, B.-J., 2015. A new approach to simultaneous ammonium and dissolved methane removal from anaerobic digestion liquor: A model-based investigation of feasibility. Water Research 85, 295-303. Wiesmann, U., 1994. Biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. Biotechnics/Wastewater, pp. 113-154, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. In Chen, X., Guo, J., Shi, Y., Hu, S., Yuan, Z. and Ni, B.-J., 2014. Modeling of Simultaneous Anaerobic Methane and Ammonium Oxidation in a Membrane Biofilm Reactor. Environmental Science & Technology 48(16), 9540-9547. Strous, M., Heijnen, J.J., Kuenen, J.G. and Jetten, M.S.M., 1998. The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 50(5), 589-596. He, Z., Cai, C., Geng, S., Lou, L., Xu, X., Zheng, P., Hu, B., 2013. Modeling a nitrite dependent anaerobic methane oxidation process: Parameters identification and model evaluation. Bioresource Technology 147, 315-320. Henze, M., Gujer, W., Mino, T., van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Henze, M., Gujer, W., Mino, T. and van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., 2000. Activated sludge models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3, IWA Publishing. Terada, A., Lackner, S., Tsuneda, S. and Smets, B.F., 2007. Redox-stratification controlled biofilm (ReSCoBi) for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal: The effect of co- versus counter-diffusion on reactor performance. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 97(1), 40-51. Koch, G., Egli, K., Van der Meer, J.R. and Siegrist, H., 2000. Mathematical modeling of autotrophic denitrification in a nitrifying biofilm of a rotating biological contactor. Water Science and Technology 41(4-5), 191-198. Lopes, F., Viollier, E., Thiam, A., Michard, G., Abril, G., Groleau, A., Prévot, F., Carrias, J.F., Albéric, P. and Jézéquel, D., 2011. Biogeochemical modelling of anaerobic vs. aerobic methane oxidation in a meromictic crater lake (Lake Pavin, France). Applied Geochemistry 26(12), 1919-1932. Lotti, T., van der Star, W.R.L., Kleerebezem, R., Lubello, C., van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., 2012. The effect of nitrite inhibition on the anammox process. Water Research 46, 2559-2569. Hao, X., Heijnen, J.J. and van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., 2002. Sensitivity analysis of a biofilm model describing a one-stage completely autotrophic nitrogen removal (CANON) process. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 77(3), 266-277. S9
