Deammonification and Humboldt
Treatment Process
Sidestreams
Sidestream Characteristics
1.
Concentrated Nutrient Loads constituting 15-25% of TN.
Ammonia: 500-1500mg/L
2. Low Alkalinity: Typically contains 50% alkalinity needed for
nitrification of ammonia
3. Relatively low BOD/COD
4. Small Flows – often intermittent and resulting in high peak load to
the mainstream process.
5. Can change characteristics of influent impacting sensitive biological
processes and varying demand for chemical dose.
Why consider sidestream treatment?
• A plant can often reuse existing infrastructure
to reduce project costs.
• Treatment is usually economical when
sidestreams contribute greater than 15% of
TN load.
Treatment Alternatives Available
Biological
Bioaugmentation
Physico-Chemical
Coagulant Aided Precipitation
In-Nitri
BABE
Struvite Precipitation
NYC at 3
Ostara
Maureen
MFH
Nitritation/Denitritation
Procorp/DHV
SHARON
Paques
Deammonification
ANAMMOX
Ammonia Stripping
DEMON
CLEAR Green
ANITA-Mox
Ion Exchange
Deammonification
Benefits of Deammonification vs Conventional
Nitrification/Denitrification
• Aeration energy savings from 55-60%
• 100% Savings BOD/COD. i.e. No carbon needed
for nitrogen removal
• Net consumer of CO2vs release of CO2 with
conventional
• Alkalinity demand reduced by 45% (no additional
alkalinity required)
• Reduction in solids production
Deammonification-unusual
metabolism
Type of
Bacteria
Common
Reaction
Name
Carbon
Source
Electron
Donor
(substrate
oxidized)
Electron
Accepter
Products
Aerobic
Heterotroph
ic
Aerobic
oxidation
Organic
compounds
Organic
compounds
Oxygen
CO2, H2O
Aerobic
autotrophic
Nitrification
CO2
NH4+, NO2-
Oxygen
NO2-, NO3-
Facultative
Heterotroph
ic
Denitrificati
on/anoxic
reaction
Organic
compounds
Organic
Compounds
NO2-, NO3-
N2, CO2, H2O
Obligate
Chemolitho
autotrophic
Anammox/d
eammonific
ation
CO2
NH4+
NO2-
N2, NO3-,
H2O
What is Deammonification
• Conventional Nitrification/Denitrification
NH4-N is oxidized under aerobic conditions to
NO2-N or NO3-N by autotrophic bacteria, and
then the NO2-N or NO3-N is reduced to N2
under anoxic conditions, with the
consumption of organic substances by
heterotrophic bacteria.
Deammonification
Deammonification
Deammonification
Deammonification
Anammox granules
Anammox granules vs biofilm
Deammonification Technologies
DEMON™
ANITA Mox™
Cleargreen™
Reactor Configuration
SBR with Hydrocyclone
MBBR
SBR
Biomass characteristic
Floc
Biofilm
Floc
Control Parameters
pH, NH4 Loading
Ph, NH4 Loading
NH4 Loading, aeration
Power Consumption
(kWh/kg N)
Design Loading (kg
N/m3-d)
Technology Provider
1.16
1.45-1.75
0.7-0.8
1.2-2.0
World Water Works
Veolia/Kruger
Degremont
ANAMMOXTM
granular
Paques
ANNAMOXTM vs Conventional
Conventional Treatment
ANAMMOX
3-5
1-2
kWh/kg N
Methanol
2.5-3
0
kg/kg N
Sludge Production
0.5-1
0.1
kg VSS/kg N
CO2 Emissions
>4.7
0.7
kg/kg N
Total Costs
4-6
1-3
$/kg N
Power
Deammonification Characteristics
Slow growth rate: Double every 10-11 days
Growth Rate
Population after 11 days
Anammox
11 days
1.0*21=2
Nitrobacter
13 hours
1.0 *220=1,050,000
Nitrosomomas
7 hours
1.4*238=138,000,000,000
E. Coli
17 minutes
1.0*2931
Deammonification Characteristics
Requirements to favor growth of deammonifiers:
- Maintain long SRT. Retain the right bacteria
(selective wasting)
- Temperature control
- pH control
- DO Control
- Free ammonia control
- Limit available carbon (BOD)
Process Configurations
DEMON (World Water Works)
Sequencing Batch Reactor:
- Acronym for DEamMONification
-Includes a hydrocyclone to separate
granual anammox bacteria from the
floc-forming AOBs and NOBs
-The heavier anammox are returned to
the reactor, the flocs are separated
and wasted.
-This allows the system to control the
accumulation of NOBs and stabilize
performance.
Anammox
Floc
Granules
DEMON
DEMON
Hydrocyclone
Moving Bed BioFilm
Reactors (MBBR)
Biofilm grown on media.
Moving Bed Biofilm Media
AOB and anammox bacteria are
established within the biofilm.
The biofilm tends to locate in
protected regions of the support
media.
Moving Bed Biofilm
Reactors
Media in Reactor
AnitaMox
A single stage deammonification
MBBR by Veolia.
Media with protected surface area for
biofilm growth of 1,200 m2/m3
Volumetric ammonium-N removal rate
of up to 1.2kg-N/m3.day with a 40%
media fill and temperature range of
27-300C
Summary
• Deammonification has been found to be:
- Technically and economically feasible
- Several technology options have been tested
and commercialized
- More than 50 Full size deammonification units
have been constructed since first full scale in
2001.
Deammonification and
Humboldt
Candidates: Cities of Fortuna, Eureka,
Arcata.
Compelling Factors:
Regulatory:
Fortuna: Surface Discharge facing
stringent nutrient removal
Eureka, Arcata: Ocean and Bay
discharge. No current nutrient
regulations. Future regulation?
Example JWPCB of the LACSD
Cost: Evaluation of cost/benefits of
collaboration?
JWPCP
Joint Water Pollution Control Plant
-One of the largest wwtp in the world
-Permitted capacity 400 mgd
-Population served approx 3.5 mm
-Discharge outfalls 1.5 miles off Palos
Verdes peninsula to depth of 200ft.
Aeration Basin
Decant
Gravity Belt Thickener
Anaerobic Digester
Digester Mixing Pumps
Heat Exhanger
Belt Filter Press
Dewatered BFP Sludge
Sidestream Basin
Anammox – Bench Scale
Anammox –Bench Scale
Anammox-Bench Scale
Thank You