LDC Module Template Properties of Matter Information Sheet for Informational/Explanatory Module Module title: Properties of Matter Module description (overview): Template task (include number, type, level): In this module, students will research the physical and chemical properties of matter, learn how to develop a hypothesis, and study experimental design to create a formal laboratory report following APA design. Students will accomplish this task by close reading of informational text and journal articles and by performing inquiry based labs to solve a forensics case. Task 17: After researching ________ (informational texts) on ________ (content), developing a hypothesis, and conducting an experiment examining ________ (content), write a laboratory report that explains your procedures and results and confirms or rejects your hypothesis. What conclusion(s) can you draw? (Informational or Explanatory/Procedural-Sequential). L2 Ability to analyze the credibility and origin of sources. L3 Ability to identify gaps or unanswered questions. After researching informational texts and articles on properties of matter, developing a hypothesis, and conducting an experiment examining physical and chemical properties and changes of matter ,write a laboratory report that explains the procedure and results and confirms or rejects their hypothesis. What conclusions can you draw? L2 Ability to analyze the credibility and origin of sources. L3 Ability to identify gaps or unanswered questions. 9th Grade Teaching task: Grade(s)/Level: Discipline: (e.g., ELA, science, history, other?) Course: Science Author(s): Karen Jones Contact information: jonesk@greenbrierschools.org Pre-AP Physical Science 1 Section 1: What Task? Teaching task: Reading texts: 1. Background to share with students: Extension (optional): TEACHING TASK After researching informational texts and articles on properties of matter, developing a hypothesis, and conducting an experiment examining physical and chemical properties and changes of matter, write a laboratory report that explains the procedure and results and confirms or rejects their hypothesis. What conclusions can you draw? Physical Science: Concepts in Action Chemical Properties of Matter and Physical Properties of Matter at www.buzzle.com Chemical and Physical Changes of Matter at http://chemistry.about.com/od/lecturenotesl3/a/chemphyschanges.htm Physical Change Examples at http://www.4tto40.com/science/index.asp?p-Physical_Change_Examples Chemical Change Examples at http://www.4tto40.com/science/index.asp?p-Chemical_Change_Examples Laying the Foundation Lesson One: The Scientific Method Exploring Experimental Design Citation Guide at http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/APA/website Writing a Formal Lab Report - The Cervantes Chemistry Page cervanteschemistry.weebly.com/.../1/.../germanna_college_lab_report.pd... McGraw Hill Teacher Resource Page with the C.A.R.S. Checklist for information Quality at http://novella.mhhe.com/sites/0079876543/student_view0/research_center-999/research_papers30/conducting_web-based_research.html Teacher Domain (PBS Learning): Lesson on Forensics-Students will watch a video clip on Forensic DNA analysis with questions, do an interactive technology activity called Create a DNA Fingerprint, and an inquiry activity DNA Fingerprint Photos to build background on the meaning of forensics to be able to complete this module. Students will review a previous Laying the Foundation Lab to review components of experimental design. Under consideration… 2 CONTENT STANDARDS FROM STATE OR DISTRICT Standards source: Arkansas Curriculum Frameworks Physical Science NUMBER C.1.PS.1 CONTENT STANDARDS Compare and contrast chemical and physical properties of matter, including but not limited to flammability, reactivity, density, buoyancy, viscosity, melting point and boiling point Compare and contrast chemical and physical changes, including but not limited to rusting, burning, evaporation, boiling and dehydration Identify the observable evidence of a chemical reaction *formation of a precipitate *production of a gas *color change *changes in heat and light Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation C.1.PS.2 C.3.PS.8 NS.9.PS.2 NS.10.PS.1 NS.10.PS.2 NS.10.PS.4 NS.10.PS.5 NS.10.PS.6 NS.12.PS.1 NS.12.PS.2 NS.14.PS.1 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics Formulate valid conclusions without bias Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., balances, scales, calculators, probes, glassware, burners, computer software and hardware) Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and table Research and evaluate physical science careers using the following criteria: educational requirements, salary, availability of jobs, and working conditions 3 COMMON CORE STATE STANDARDS READING STANDARDS FOR INFORMATIONAL OR EXPLANATORY “Built In” Reading Standards “When Appropriate” Reading Standards 1 – Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the test. 3 – Analyze how and why individuals, events, and ideas develop and interact over the course of a text. 2 – Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas. 5 – Analyze the structure of texts, including how specific sentences, paragraphs, and larger portions of the text (e.g. a section, chapter, scene, or stanza) relate to each other and the whole. to other and and evaluate the whole. 7 –each Integrate content presented in diverse formats and media, 4 – Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone. 6 – Assess how point of view or purpose shapes the content and style of a text. including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words. 8 – Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, including the validity of the reasoning as well as the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence. 10 – Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently 9 – Analyze how two or more texts address similar themes or topics in order to and proficiently. build knowledge or to compare the approaches the authors take. dently and proficiently. WRITING STANDARDS FOR INFORMATIONAL OR EXPLANATORY “Built-in” Writing Standards “When Appropriate” Writing Standards 2 – Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas and 1 – Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. and analysis of content. 4 – Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and 3 – Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences. 5 – Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach. 6 – Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and to interact and collaborate with others. 9 – Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. 10 – Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audience. 7 – Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects based on focused questions, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. 8 – Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, assess the credibility and accuracy of each source, and integrate the information while avoiding plagiarism. 4 Informational/Explanatory Teaching Task Rubric for Template Task Collection Version 2.0 Scoring Elements Not Yet 1 1.5 Approaches Expectations 2 2.5 Meets Expectations 3 3.5 Advanced 4 Addresses all aspects of prompt appropriately and maintains a strongly developed focus. D: Addresses additional demands with thoroughness and makes a connection to controlling idea. Establishes a strong controlling idea with a clear purpose maintained throughout the response. Attempts to address prompt, but lacks focus or is off-task. Addresses prompt appropriately, but with a weak or uneven focus. Addresses prompt appropriately and maintains a clear, steady focus. D: Addresses additional demands sufficiently. Attempts to establish a controlling idea, but lacks a clear purpose. Establishes a controlling idea with a general purpose. Establishes a controlling idea with a clear purpose maintained throughout the response. Attempts to present information in response to the prompt, but lacks connections or relevance to the purpose of the prompt. Presents information from reading materials relevant to the purpose of the prompt with minor lapses in accuracy or completeness. Presents information from reading materials relevant to the prompt with accuracy and sufficient detail. Accurately presents information relevant to all parts of the prompt with effective selection of sources and details from reading materials. Attempts to provide details in response to the prompt, including retelling, but lacks sufficient development or relevancy. Presents appropriate details to support the focus and controlling idea. Presents appropriate and sufficient details to support the focus and controlling idea. Presents thorough and detailed information to strongly support the focus and controlling idea. Attempts to organize ideas, but lacks control of structure. Uses an appropriate organizational structure to address the specific requirements of the prompt, with some lapses in coherence or awkward use of the organizational structure Maintains an appropriate organizational structure to address the specific requirements of the prompt. Maintains an organizational structure that intentionally and effectively enhances the presentation of information as required by the specific prompt. Conventions Attempts to demonstrate standard English conventions, but lacks cohesion and control of grammar, usage, and mechanics. Sources are used without citation. Demonstrates an uneven command of standard English conventions and cohesion. Uses language and tone with some inaccurate, inappropriate, or uneven features. Inconsistently cites sources. Demonstrates a command of standard English conventions and cohesion, with few errors. Response includes language and tone appropriate to the audience, purpose, and specific requirements of the prompt. Cites sources using an appropriate format with only minor errors. Demonstrates and maintains a welldeveloped command of standard English conventions and cohesion, with few errors. Response includes language and tone consistently appropriate to the audience, purpose, and specific requirements of the prompt. Consistently cites sources using an appropriate format. Content Understanding Attempts to include disciplinary content in explanations, but understanding of content is weak; content is irrelevant, inappropriate, or inaccurate. Briefly notes disciplinary content relevant to the prompt; shows basic or uneven understanding of content; minor errors in explanation. Accurately presents disciplinary content relevant to the prompt with sufficient explanations that demonstrate understanding. Integrates relevant and accurate disciplinary content with thorough explanations that demonstrate in-depth understanding. Focus Controlling Idea Reading/ Research Development Organization Section 2: What Skills? SKILL DEFINITION SKILLS CLUSTER 1: PREPARING FOR THE TASK 1. Task engagement Ability to connect the task and new content to existing knowledge, skills, experiences, interests, and concerns. 2. Task analysis Ability to understand and explain the task’s prompt and rubric. SKILLS CLUSTER 2: READING PROCESS 1. Active reading Ability to identify the central point and main supporting elements of a text. L2 Ability to identify and analyze the credibility and origin of sources. L3 Ability to identify gaps or unanswered questions. 2. Essential vocabulary Ability to identify and master terms essential to understanding a text. 3. Academic integrity Ability to use and credit sources appropriately. 4. Note-taking Ability to select important facts and passages for use in one’s own writing. SKILLS CLUSTER 3: TRANSITION TO WRITING 1. Bridging Ability to begin linking reading results to writing task. SKILLS CLUSTER 4: WRITING PROCESS 1. Hypothesis Ability to develop a hypothesis and consolidate information relevant to task. 2. Planning Ability to develop a line of thought and text structure appropriate to an informational/explanatory task. 3. Development Ability to construct an initial draft with an emerging line of thought and structure. L2 Ability to analyze the credibility and origin of sources. L3 Ability to identify gaps or unanswered questions. 4. Revision Ability to refine laboratory report, including language usage, repeatability, and purpose. 5. Editing Ability to proofread and format a piece to make it more effective. 6. Completion Ability to submit final piece that meets expectations. SECTION 3: WHAT INSTRUCTION? PACING SKILL AND DEFINITION PRODUCT AND PROMPT SKILLS CLUSTER 1: PREPARING FOR THE TASK SCORING (PRODUCT “MEETS EXPECTATIONS” IF IT…) INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES Day 1-2 1. Task engagement Students will: Ability to connect the task and new content to existing knowledge, skills, experiences, interests, and concerns. Observe teacher demonstration and video clip of physical and chemical changes and construct a T-chart to categorize the types of change, and then they will generate a definition of physical and chemical properties In small groups, students will construct a non-linguistic representation of the steps in the separation of mixtures to spark discussion on physical properties of matter, and then they will respond to a content writing pre-assessment by writing a paragraph explaining how to separate a mixture of table salt, iron filings, sand, and water into its original components Students will gain a deeper understanding of forensics and experimental design by doing an interactive video activity. Meets expectation when students construct a correct definition of physical and chemical properties and changes. Teacher will perform demonstrations of chemical and physical changes, model T-chart construction, and will walk around and assess T-charts and definitions by the groups. Meets expectations if the small groups present answers to preassessment prompt and develop a correct nonlinguistic representation of the separation of mixtures during a class discussion Teacher will link task to earlier class content by: Facilitating small group discussion of separation of mixtures by the use of physical properties Having students model separation process with a non-linguistic representation by illustrating the steps. Meets expectations when students complete questions from video, interactive activity, and inquiry lesson on DNA fingerprinting. The teacher will explain how to access Teacher Domain (PBS Learning) on lap tops in which the students will watch a video clip on Forensic DNA analysis with questions, do an interactive technology activity called “Create a DNA Fingerprint”, and an inquiry activity “DNA Fingerprint Photos” to build background on the meaning of forensics to build to the final task of this module. Day 3 2. Task analysis Ability to understand and explain the task’s prompt and rubric. Students will paraphrase teaching task individually, and they then will share with their small group and come up with the best overall group paraphrase. Students will brainstorm the scoring rubric to find the meaning of each category. They will post these on poster paper and do a gallery walk to see what other groups wrote down while carrying their individual list and adding to it. The group will be presented with the rubric with definitions and evaluate using rubric descriptions. Students will be given samples of informative essays, and will be asked to score them using the rubric. THSKILLS CLUSTER 2: READING PROCESS Meets expectations by paraphrasing prompt correctly. Teachers will provide students with the teaching task, and monitor as they write individual and group teaching task in their own words. Meets expectations by understanding the meanings of each category on the scoring rubric. Teachers will provide students with a list of the categories on the scoring rubric and tell them to brainstorm to come up with definitions of the categories and write them on poster paper. Teacher will then provide students with rubric meanings to allow them to assess how accurate the definitions were, and they will peer assess to see which group was the most successful in definition writing. Meets expectations when the group correctly evaluates the sample using the rubric, and explains why the piece was given a particular score. Teacher will provide students with copies of informative essays from Wink: An Online Journal and model using the rubric to score an essay before the students score an article of their choice. Day 4-5 1. Active reading Ability to identify the central point and main supporting elements of a text. Students will construct a flow chart graphic organizer to classify matter after reading Section 1 Of Chapter 2 in the textbook. Meets expectations when students classify matter using a flow chart that separates matter into pure substances and mixtures and further divides it into elements, compounds, and homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures with real life examples and pictures at the last level of the chart. Students will create a cluster web and Inquiry Chart on both physical and chemical properties and changes while close reading teacher selected articles from 2 sources and a credible article of their choice for the third source. Meets expectations when students distinguish between physical and chemical properties and changes by constructing a correct cluster web for each one along with definitions and illustrations. L2 Ability to identify and analyze the credibility and origin of sources. L3 Ability to identify gaps and unanswered questions. Meets expectations when students complete an I-chart answering the following four questions: 1. What are physical properties? 2. Explain a physical change? 3. What are chemical properties? 4. Evaluate evidence of a chemical change? Teacher will demonstrate how to classify matter using a flow chart graphic organizer. Teacher will provide students with an inquiry or Ichart and a cluster web, and model how to complete it. Teacher will check graphic organizers for completion. Day 6-7 2. Essential vocabulary Ability to identify and master terms essential to understanding a text. Students will create an essential vocabulary list for their science binders of terms to be used in their formal lab reports. Meets expectation when students complete a matching activity of the properties of matter and experimental design terms, use dictionaries to check for correctness, and record their definitions in their science binders. Teachers will provide the students matching cards of the essential vocabulary words and their correct definitions, will monitor the matching activity, and check their definitions in the science binder for correctness.. Students will close read the article, “How Crime Scene Investigation Works” using a Main Ideas and Supporting Details graphic organizer, and write down one vocabulary word from each major section in the article that they do not know the meaning of. Meets expectations when students record unknown vocabulary terms in their science notebooks under essential vocabulary from each main heading from the article “How Crime Scene Investigation Works” and they will look up the meaning in a dictionary and record it before they continue reading. Teacher provides students with an online article on forensics called “How Crime Scene Investigation Works“ that contains essential vocabulary on experimental design to be added to science binder. Day 8-9 3. Academic integrity Ability to use and credit sources appropriately. Students will work in small groups to close read an informative article on CARS. Students will create a poster divided into four sections called Credibility, Accuracy, Reasonableness, and Support. Each student will be assigned a subheading under each section, and they will be asked to read and record essential information under each letter. Meets expectation when everyone has finished, and each student has explained their part to the whole group. They will then proceed to the next section until the entire poster is complete. Students will take notes in science notebook as teacher discusses credible and non-credible sources and how to cite a website, book, magazine, and an encyclopedia/dictionary in correct format from the APA Citation Guide. Meets expectations when students will take notes in science notebooks on credibility and APA citation while listening to teacher lecture and viewing several examples from the citation guide. Students will complete Credibility and Citation Station Lab while searching for essential materials sources to complete the formal lab report such as physical change, chemical change, hypothesis, and experimental design. Students in small groups will rotate and use CARS Checklist to find quotes from these six sources: encyclopedia, science book, magazine article, noncredible video recorded interview, an academic journal, a credible website like CNN, and a non-credible website like Wikipedia. The students should then create a bibliographic citation for each source in APA format. On a piece of notebook paper, the students should write the name of the source and state whether it is credible or not and give the reason why. Meets expectation when they find 3 usable sources and cite them correctly to create a bibliographic citation for each source in APA format. Teachers will provide students with an article on CARS and model scaffolding of this article. Teacher will lecture on APA citation and show several examples of several sources such as magazines, books, interviews, encyclopedias, and etc. Teacher will set up stations containing one of these six sources: encyclopedia, science book, magazine article, non-credible video recorded interview, an academic journal, a credible website like CNN, and a non-credible website like Wikipedia. Teacher will model one example of a usable quote from a credible source and cite it using APA format. Day 10 4. Note-taking Ability to select important facts and passages for use in one’s own writing. Students will complete fill in the blank notes for Chapter 2. Students will complete assessment questions as a group discussion at the end of each section. SKILLS CLUSTER 3: TRANSITION TO WRITING Teacher will randomly select students to answer assessment questions after group discussion to assess understanding of the concepts. Students will complete fill in the blank notes to organize all of the main ideas concerning matter. Day 1115 1. Bridging Ability to begin linking reading results to writing task. Students will conduct a teacher produced lab that will model the correct pattern for experimental design to observe chemical and physical properties and changes of matter, to see the order of writing a lab, to see how to record data in tables and charts, to learn how to analyze data, and how to draw logical conclusions from that data. Meets expectation when students complete a two day lab called Physical and Chemical Properties and self- assess using a scoring rubric to determine the success of their investigation. Students will be given the Mystery of the Stolen Wedding Cake scenario which they will close read and fill in a T-chart with columns Things I know and What I Need to Find Out. Meets expectation when students complete chart correctly. The lab groups must write a lab following experimental design and proper format to solve for who stole the cake. They will also develop their own scoring rubric to be used to assess their lab write up. After the lab has been approved by the teacher, the students will perform the lab, gather and analyze data, and come up with a logical conclusion. The information will be used to write the formal lab report which will complete the module. Students will close read an article called Writing a Formal Lab Report by Germanna Community College and create a flow chart of the proper order that the report must be written in stating relevant information at each step. They will then look at 2 different formal lab reports and identify the parts from the close reading. Teacher will read through experiment with students pointing out the various parts of the lab which follow proper experimental design and will go over lab rubric so that students can learn how to create a rubric for experimentation, and how to use this information to write a formal lab report. Teacher will model how to complete chart by doing the first two sentences with the students. Meets expectation when students work in groups using inquiry skills and chemical tests to identify an unknown substance/powder in the lab scenario called Mystery of the Stolen Wedding Cake. They must create their own lab procedure, scoring rubric, and perform the lab to form a logical conclusion. Teacher will provide the inquiry lab scenario called Mystery of the Stolen Wedding Cake and set up the forensics scene of the crime. Teacher will refer students to former labs and scoring rubrics to use as a guide to create student labs. Teacher will assess labs using the student generated rubric. Meets expectation when students generate a list of general tips for writing a formal lab report by completing a flow chart. Students will then look at 2 samples of formal lab reports and critique them for accuracy. Teacher will provide an article for students to close read and help the students determine how to create a flowchart by doing the first step with them. Teacher will also provide them with sample lab reports to assess how well that they follow their created flowcharts. SKILLS CLUSTER 4: WRITING PROCESS Day 16 1. Hypothesis Ability to develop a hypothesis and consolidate information relevant to task. Students will read how to write complete and correct hypotheses. They will be given examples of well written hypotheses and will be asked to rewrite several hypotheses that have been written incorrectly. In the Attack The Prompt activity students will write the task and underline the to do or action words which tell them what’s required, they must then propose a hypothesis and describe a controlled experiment that could be formed to test the hypothesis. They must then target all possible answers by mapping or clustering details under each prompt area and list specific examples under each. They must use key vocabulary from the content area, and they must pick the order of the response by arranging Day 1617 2. Planning Ability to develop a line of thought and text structure appropriate to an informational/explanatory task. Students will make nine index cards entitled: Title Page, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Experimental Procedure, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, and References from their flow charts. They will then review the specifics from the article about what essential information from their experiment and reading activities to determine what information goes under each heading, and they will do the pre-writes on the cards. Meets expectation when students complete an activity called Writing Hypothesis: A Student Lesson where they will close read by highlighting the main ideas behind knowing when and how to write hypotheses. Meets expectation when students complete the work on the Attack the Prompt handout from The Right Path II: an Advanced Collage Preparatory Reading and Writing Program for High Schools. Teacher will teach how to write a proper hypothesis and provide students with the Writing Hypothesis Lesson. Teacher will assess understanding by oral questioning of student work. Teacher will read instructions for Attack the Prompt and have students review their essential vocabulary from their science binders to use when completing this activity. . Meets expectation when students have index cards full of information for each stage of the formal lab report on the Mystery of The Stolen Wedding Cake. Teacher will refer students to the previous bridging activity on the steps of a formal lab report from their created flowcharts. Teacher will have students use their Mystery of the Stolen Wedding Cake Lab to generate information for each part of the lab report using the flowcharts to create index cards to use as a pre-write for the report. Teacher will walk around to all of the groups and monitor progress made on the cards Day 17 3. Development Ability to construct an initial draft with an emerging line of thought and structure. Meets expectation when students write the first draft of the formal lab report including all of the parts in the proper order and with the proper information under each section. They will use three sources gathered during the credibility activity using the C.A.R.S. checklist. Teacher will walk around to make sure that students are proceeding correctly with the writing of their drafts. Students will use the handout on the proofreading process and will use it as a guide to improve and correct the draft of the formal lab report. Students need to also check the paper using the rubric used during the task analysis to see where they are strong and weak on the report. Meets expectation when students do any re-writing to make improvements to the draft during the proofreading process, and when students use the rubric and make necessary corrections where needed under the following areas: focus, controlling ideas, reading/research, development, organization, conventions, and content understanding. Teacher will go around to each student and observe the revision process to make suggestions as needed. Students will trade papers with other members of their laboratory groups and use the guide sheet on peer editing to positively critique each other’s papers. Meets expectation when students read one another’s work and in a positive and encouraging way make suggestions on how to make the reports even stronger and more correct. If time permits, begin typing final draft. Students will type the final draft and present to the teacher. Meets expectation when students complete the final draft and turn it in to the teacher. Students will organize the index cards in the proper order and begin writing the first draft of the laboratory report. L2 Ability to analyze the credibility and origin of sources. L3 Ability to identify gaps or unanswered questions. Day 18 4. Revision Ability to refine laboratory report, including language usage, repeatability, and purpose. Day 19 5. Editing Ability to proofread and format a piece to make it more effective. Day 20 6. Completion Ability to submit final piece that meets expectations. Teacher will model proper peer editing techniques. Teacher will grade each lab report using the scoring rubric for informational or explanatory tasks. MATERIALS, REFERENCES, AND SUPPORTS FOR TEACHERS Literary Websites, reading sources, labs, handouts, and research packets. FOR STUDENTS Reading articles, text books, computers, I-Pads, handouts, chemicals, laboratory equipment, index cards, paper, encyclopedias, magazines, pens and pencils, highlighters, markers, poster paper, and sticky notes. Section 4: What Results? STUDENT WORK SAMPLES [Include at least two samples of student work at each scoring level.] CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT TASK (OPTIONAL: MAY BE USED AS PRE-TEST OR POST-TEST) Classroom assessment task Background to share with students (optional): Reading texts: Teacher Work Section Here are added thoughts about teaching this module. Appendix The attached materials support teaching this module.