1. Which of the following correctly describes the
flow of information from DNA?
A. DNA -> tRNA -> mRNA -> protein
B. DNA -> protein -> RNA -> rRNA
C. DNA -> RNA -> mRNA -> protein
D. DNA -> siRNA -> RNA -> protein
2. mRNA can go to two different locations in the
cell. If the mRNA codes for a protein that will be
secreted, it goes to the _____________. If it codes for
a protein that will stay in the cytoplasm it goes to
the ____________.
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum;
mitochondria
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum; cytoplasm
C. Golgi apparatus; ribosome
D. Chloroplast; golgi apparatus
3. You are studying a cell type with a mutation
that is not making proteins correctly. You do
some experiments and find that all of the
transcription enzymes are working correctly.
Other scientists in your lab have already shown
that the ribosomes, rough endoplasmic
reticulum, and golgi apparatus are all working
properly as well. What is most likely the reason
that this cell is not making proteins properly?
A. Lysosomes are not digesting proteins
correctly
B. RNA is not being spliced properly
C. Chromosomes are not leaving the nucleus
D. DNA is not being replicated properly
4. DNA contains instructions for life. DNA also
contains instructions for making proteins. Why
are proteins so important to life?
A. Enzymes, which are made of proteins,
carry out chemical reactions in the body
B. Many components of the body are made
of protein, such as cartilage in the joints.
C. Proteins are responsible for movement in
the body because they are a major
component of muscles
D. All of the above
5.
6. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has
___________ and makes _____________.
A. Ribosomes; proteins
B. Chloroplasts; glucose
C. Mitochondria; ATP
D. Nuclei; DNA
7. The liver is responsible for detoxifying the
blood. Which of the following organelles are
important for this function of the liver?
A. Ribosomes
B. tRNA
C. rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
8. You are studying Parkinson’s disease cells.
You notice that when you break the cells open,
there is too much of a particular protein building
up in the cell. This is most likely caused by a
problem with:
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Ribosomes
9. Proteins are synthesized on ____________.
A. Nuclei
B. Chromatin
C. Ribosomes
D. Spindles
10. The process of making proteins by linking
amino acids brought to the ribosome by tRNA is
called ____________.
A. Translation
B. Transcription
C. Semi-conservative
D. DNA replication
11. A codon is:
A. Three bases on mRNA
B. Two bases on tRNA
C. Four bases on rRNA
D. Three bases on tRNA
12.
13.
15. Based on the two changes made to the mRNA
in question 14, which of the following statements
is true:
A. Some mRNA changes affect proteins while
others do not
B. All mRNA changes affect proteins
C. mRNA changes never affect proteins
D. all mRNA changes are spliced out, so they
do not matter
16. What happens when the ribosome reaches a
UAG codon?
A. This is a stop codon. A stop amino acid is
added to the polypeptide.
B. This is a stop codon. Translation stops so
more amino acids can be added to the
tRNAs.
C. This is a stop codon. Transcription ends.
D. This is a stop codon. Translation ends.
17. Nucleotides are made of:
A. Deoxyribose, phosphate, and adenine
B. a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous
base
C. ribose, phosphate, and guanine
D. sucrose, phosphate, and uracil
18. Amino acids are linked together during
translation to make:
A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
C. polypeptides
D. nucleic acids
A strand of mRNA has the sequence
AUGCCGAUGCUU. What will be the sequence of
amino acids in the protein for which it codes?
A. Met – Pro – Met – Leu
B. Met – His – Gly – Leu
C. Met – Ala – Asp – Leu
D. Met – Arg – Cys – Leu
14. If the mRNA sequence from question 13 is
changed to AUGCCUAUGAUU, what will be the
new amino acid sequence?
A. Met – Pro – Met – Leu
B. Met – His – Gly – Ser
C. Met – Ala – Asp – Trp
D. Met – Pro – Met – Ile
19. DNA and RNA differ because
A. DNA has A while RNA has T
B. DNA has G while RNA has A
C. DNA has U while RNA has T
D. DNA has T while RNA has U
20. When RNA is made from DNA during
transcription:
A. All of the information in the single
stranded DNA is copied into two strands
of RNA
B. All of the information in the single
stranded DNA is copied into one strand
of RNA
C. All of the information in the double
stranded DNA is copied into two strands
strand of RNA
D. All of the information in the double
stranded DNA is copied into one strand
of RNA
21. DNA replication is:
A. Semi-conservative because one strand in
the old DNA is matched to one brand new
strand, producing two copies of DNA that
are half old and half new
B. Conservative because both old strands of
DNA are unchanged and one completely
new DNA copy is made
C. Dispersive because the old DNA is cut into
many pieces and matched with pieces of
new DNA to make two copies
D. Conservative because one strand in the
old DNA is matched to one brand new
strand, producing two copies of DNA that
are half old and half new
22. __________ unzips DNA and ___________ creates
new DNA strands during DNA replication.
A. DNA helicase, RNA polymerase
B. RNA helicase, RNA polymerase
C. DNA helicase, DNA polymerase
D. DNA polymerase, RNA helicase
23. A strand of DNA has the sequence
ATTACGCGC. During DNA replication, the
complementary strand will be _____________ while
it will be ___________ during transcription.
A. TAATGCGCG; UAAUGCGCG
B. UAAUGCGCG; TAATGCGCG
C. TUUTGCGCG; UAAUGCGCG
D. TAATGCGCG; UTTUGCGCG
24. Following transcription, RNA is spliced.
Which part of the RNA forms the finished mRNA
that contains the information to make protein?
A. Introns
B. Exons
C. Nucleotides
D. Amino aicds
25. Two proteins can differ from one another in:
A. Nucleotide type and sequence
B. Amino acid sequence and number
C. RNA length and type
D. Monosaccharide number and type
26. DNA between monkeys and grasshoppers
differs in sequence. This explains why these two
animals are different because:
A. The DNA differences result in RNA
differences, which controls the cell
B. The DNA differences can change the
order and/or sequence of amino acids
C. The DNA differences change where the
proteins are made, which makes them
different
D. The DNA differences lead to proteins
being folded differently. When proteins
have a different shape, they work
differently.
27. What would happen to a protein if you
moved the last amino acid in the chain to the
first spot?
A. Nothing would change because the
protein is made of the same amino acids
B. The protein might change, but it might
not depending on the amino acid
C. The protein would change because the
amino acids at the end are most
important
D. The protein would change because the
sequence of amino acids is one of the
defining characteristics of a protein
28. Two proteins are both made of 100%
methionine (an amino acid). How could these
proteins be different from each other?
A. They could be found in different parts of
the cell.
B. They could be made in different parts of
the cell.
C. They could have a different number of
amino acids.
D. They would be the same.
Name:
Date:
Class period:
Multiple Choice:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1d. Write a simple story that would explain the central dogma to somebody who does not know what it is.
In your story make sure to have a character, place, or action for each of the following
- DNA
- Nucleus
- Polypeptide
- mRNA
- Transcription
- Ribosome
- tRNA
- Translation
4b. If you know the mRNA sequence, you can figure out the sequence of amino acids in the protein based
on the table in question 13. A protein has the amino acid sequence Ala-Tyr-Phe. Write two possible
mRNA sequences that could give this amino acid. Why can you not be sure about the exact mRNA
sequence that made this polypeptide? Answer in complete sentences.
Reflections:
1. How have you developed as a biologist this unit? Have you gained any skills to help you
understand the world and solve problems?
2. What have you done this unit to help the class meet the goal of 80% mastery?
3. What can you do better next unit to support the 80% part of the class vision?
4. What have you learned this unit to make you a better self and community advocate?