Globalisation- Economic and ecological issues
Causes & Effects
Causes:
·Technology ( for example Internet)
·Transport of goods and speed of transport
·End of Cold War
·Global problems (climate; migration)
·Liberalization
Effects:
->Diminishing the role of the nation-state
->Social dumping
->Gap between rich and poor
->Non-controllable multis
->Environmental destruction
Sustainable Development
·a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment
· these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for future generations.
· most often-quoted definition of sustainable development as development that "meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.” ( Brundtland Commission)
· ties together concern for the carrying capacity of natural systems with the social challenges
facing humanity.
Modern slavery
· human trafficking is one method of obtaining slaves
· Victims are typically recruited through deceit or trickery (such as a false job offer, false
migration offer, or false marriage offer)
· Victims are forced into a "debt slavery" situation by coercion, deception, fraud, intimidation,
isolation, threat, physical force,
· according to research completed in 2006, approximately 800,000 people are trafficked
across national borders, which does not include millions trafficked within their own countries
· Approximately 80 percent of transnational victims are women and girls
·slavery is everywhere , one must attack the root causes, a task that only local governments
can accomplish
· slavery is growing at an unprecedented rate
·it produces a yearly profit of around $31 billion
·population explosion and great migrations coupled with globalization have boosted the slave
trade
· the increase of slavery is linked to globalization
Ecological Issues
Desertification
·Changing of productive land into a desert
·70 % of earth affected by desertification  over 250 million people
·People are forced to leave their farms for jobs in the cities
Causes:
-
over-use of land
global climate change
over-cultivation
Deforestation
destruction of vegetation in dry regions
Deforestation
-> conversion of forested area to non-forest land
·total deforest area : 13 million hectare per year
·clearing land for agriculture
·clearing land to populate
Effects:
->Global warming
->Loss of flora and fauna
->Desertification
Economic
World Bank





they (consisting of two organisations: the “International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development”, IBRD, and the “International Development Association, IDA) help
developing countries around the world (with financial and technical assistance)
mission: reduction of global poverty and improvement of living standards
they provide low-interest loans, interest free credit and grants to developing countries
for education, health, infrastructure...
The main reason for founding the World Bank was to rebuild post-World War II
Europe
Main aims: global poverty reduction and the improvement of living standards
 Assists developing countries to establish liberal trade tactics
The World Trade Organization
Facts:










Oct. 1947 - 23 countries sign the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
GATT deals with trade and goods
Jan. 1, 1995 - The WTO came into existence.
WTO deals with trade in service, invention, creation and design.
It’s an organization for liberalizing trade.
It is a place where member governments go, to try to sort out the trade problems they
face with each other.
These documents provide the legal ground-rules for international commerce4
The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers
conduct their business, while allowing governments to meet social and environmental
objectives.
They deal with: agriculture, textiles and clothing, banking, telecommunications,
government purchases, industrial standards and product safety, food sanitation
regulations, intellectual property, and much more
Since August 2008 they are:
- informing about Venezuela (due to the Venezuela's Bolivarian
Revolution)
- supporting peace movements and human right activist
- informing about the happenings in the middle-east (Iran, Iraq)
Here’s the link for the vocabulary list in case you want to have a look at it ;)
http://iroesner.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/vocabulary-globalisation.pdf
http://iroesner.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/globalization_vocabulary.pdf
Analysing a political speech
1. Historical facts
a. Who speaks? To whom? When?
d. Where - in what situation? (e.g. on TV, in a popularly elected forum, at a funeral etc.))
e. What has led to the decision to speak?
2. The text.
a. The structure of the speech (Find headlines: e.g. 1. introduction, 2. analysis of the
problem or conflict, 3. argumentation, 4. climax, 5. conclusion – these five points are
the traditional demands to the structure of speeches; they may not all be suited for
the analysis of ‘your’ speech!)
b. The main claims advanced (facts, values, policies)
c. Give a short summary.
3. Intention
4. Message
5. Language - special linguistic effects:
a. Special expressions
b. Imperatives/persuasive/urging verbal forms
c. Repetition of certain words or phrases
f. Use of personal pronouns (does the speaker try to identify himself with the
audience?)
g. Direct speech addressed to the audience
6. Style
a. Emotional or matter-of-fact
b. Use of irony and sarcasm
7. Evaluation
VOICE
1. Volume
2. Pitch
3. Variation
4. “Special effects” (laughter, crying, singing etc.)
BODY LANGUAGE ( for example videos)
1. Use of facial expressions
2. Use of gestures
3. Tense or relaxed
4. Posture (e.g. standing, sitting)
5. Movement (e.g. shifting of position, walking around)