FL Prod1 Hello, this is Julie Balassa from the Office for Students with Disabilities. Today I’m going to show you what is involved in alternate format production of foreign language textbooks. This is part one. I’m going to show you how to optical character recognize these pages and a little bit of what’s involved in marking them up correctly. Part two will focus more on Daisy production. So what you see before you are two pages of chapter one of a textbook called Ande, a Spanish textbook that was requested in alt format by some students who are blind. The biggest challenge of alt format production of foreign language textbooks is that screen readers cannot auto detect language in documents that have more than one language unless those languages are marked up and they are not marked from the publishers. This is a publisher provided pdf file. So you see that there’s some Spanish. There’s some English. There’s some circular text. There’s a vocabulary section. This is page two of just these two pages that I extracted. This is a little more evenly distributed; quite a bit of Spanish, quite a bit of English. And then of course this is page 32 and the page 32 we produce has to be identical because when the instructor says go to page 32, the student who uses alt format should be able to go to the same page 32 as everybody else. The reason why we have to mark the languages is because a student would have to manually select the language of the part that they’re reading. So if they were reading an English portion, they’d have to select an English voice; a Spanish portion, a Spanish voice. That’s very cumbersome, difficult to do, and it doesn’t meet the requirements of the Office of Civil Rights because it requires students to have skills that are outside of the skills that they need to have just in order to take the class. So the first step is that we’re going to do he other OCR, optical character recognize these pages. We’re going to use a program called Abbey. This is the Julia Child version because I already pulled the pages into Abbey. When Abbey imports pages for example from a pdf file, it’s going to want to scan them. When it’s scanning, it’s looking for text to recognize. You’ll see that the text here is circular. It’s not linear so Abbey is going to recognize the text but it won’t know exactly what order to put it in, and it’s also going to make some misrecognition errors which we’re going to have to correct. So we’ll have to correct the reading order and we’ll have to correct the misrecognitions. We’re not going to describe the picture here and we’re not going to set the languages here. We’ll do that in Microsoft Word. So once we’re all done with setting the reading order and correcting the misrecognitions, we’re going to save it as a Word document which is going to look something like this. Here is page 32 which is the same page 32 as this. In this Word document we broke the pages in the right place, and we numbered them, and we also set some headings and styles. For example, this is a heading two. Headings and styles enable screen readers to navigate which is necessary because students who use alt format should also be able to go to particular sections of the book. So a student should not have to browse through this entire document to find the section called Comunicacion. Calling this a heading two enables the screen reader to jump to that section. But the most time consuming portion is to set the languages so alt format production is an art. It’s not a science and it requires a great deal of judgment. For example, how to describe this image here but also whether to set the primary language as English or Spanish. By primary I mean what is the most predominant language in this document. Well, this is a Spanish one so maybe it’s English. So if I select the entire document and then I set the proofing languages English U.S., then I have to go back and I have to select all the Spanish portions as Spanish. But if I do this I’ve made a mistake because now I’ve selected Spanish and English and I don’t want to change the English language to Spanish. I don’t want to set the English parts with a Spanish proofing voice so I select all of this and then I go back and I select that as Spanish. Once I’ve done this in this entire document, then I can export this to an html file and then Jaws will auto detect the language as an automatically read the Spanish in a Spanish voice and the English in an English voice. If the student does not use Jaws, then I have to convert to Daisy and that’s a slightly different process. I have to mark the languages in the Daisy production program because it doesn’t recognize when I’ve marked it in Microsoft Word and that’s a little more time consuming and it’s the topic of the second video.