Labour Market Research – Health Professions1 Australia 2014-15 2346-11 Medical Laboratory Scientist 2512-11 Medical Diagnostic Radiographer 2512-12 Medical Radiation Therapist • No Shortage • There are large fields of qualified applicants • Recruitment Difficulty in some locations where training is not available • No Shortage • All surveyed vacancies were readily filled 2514-11 Optometrist 2515-11,13 Hospital and Retail Pharmacist 2523-12 Dentist • Shortage • Higher training numbers may address the shortage over the next few years 2525-11 Physiotherapist • Recruitment Difficulty for smaller states and the territories and for aged and disability care • No Shortage • Some graduates experience difficulty gaining employment • No Shortage • Advertised vacancies generally attract large fields of qualified applicants 2526-11 Podiatrist 2527-11 Audiologist • No Shortage • Vacancies are readily filled • Shortage • Recruitment is very difficult, especially in regional areas 2512-14 Sonographer • Shortage • Shortages have been long standing, applicant numbers are low 2524-11 Occupational Therapist • No Shortage • Strong growth is expected but shortages have not been evident for some years 2527-12 Speech Pathologist • No Shortage • There are large fields of qualified applicants There were significant and widespread shortages of health professionals in the decade to 2008-09, but the labour market has eased (mainly on the back of increased training) and widespread national shortages are no longer evident. Nationally, shortages are limited to a small number of occupations (sonographers, optometrists and audiologists). Appendix A provides detailed ratings for individual occupations. o That said, employers in some regional locations (particularly in Queensland), and those recruiting for sectors such as aged care, sometimes have difficulty attracting workers who have appropriate skills and experience. Employment of health professionals is increasing strongly, but there has also been a large increase in training numbers over recent years which has boosted the available supply of these workers. There is now some surplus capacity, particularly at the new graduate level. o A number of contacts commented on the high number of recent graduates applying for vacancies requiring experienced workers. o Graduate outcomes data2 suggest that graduates are finding it more difficult to gain full-time work. ISSN: 2203-9619 1 For the purposes of this report, health professions refers to the following ANZSCO codes: Medical Laboratory Scientist (2346-11), Medical Diagnostic Radiographer (2512-11), Medical Radiation Therapist (2512-12), Sonographer (2512-14), Optometrist (2514-14), Hospital and Retail Pharmacist (2515-11,13), Dentist (2523-12), Occupational Therapist (2524-11), Physiotherapist (2525-11), Podiatrist (2526-11), Audiologist (2527-11) and Speech Pathologist (2527-12). The research is for these occupations and was undertaken in early 2015. Throughout the report, where detailed data are not available, the broader data used may include some occupations which are not assessed in the research programme. See Appendix C for further details. 2 Graduate Careers Australia, Graduate Destinations Survey 2014, customised table Labour Market Research and Analysis Branch Department of Employment Page 1 Figure 1. Proportion of Health Professions in shortage, 2007-08 to 2014-15 (%) Shortage 100% Recruitment Difficulty Not in Shortage 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Source: Department of Employment, Skill shortage research Demand for health professionals is expected to remain strong as the Australian population ages, services become more accessible (including through initiatives such as the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS)) and medical technology expands health care options. o Rising numbers of training commencements in recent years, though, suggest there will also continue to be higher completions in the next few years. Significant shortages are not expected to re-emerge in the short term and industry contacts have raised concerns about the job prospects of future graduates. Survey results The labour market for health professions is generally adequately supplied with qualified workers, and employers experience little difficulty recruiting for most of these professions. o After a steady rise in the proportion of vacancies filled between 2007-08 and 2011-12, employers’ success in filling their vacancies has flattened, with between 70 and 75 per cent filled in recent years. Figure 2. Proportion of vacancies filled (%), average number of applicants and suitable applicants per vacancy (no.), Health Professions, Australia, 2007-08 to 2014-15 Applicants per vacancy - RHS 100 90 80 70 60 (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 Suitable applicants per vacancy - RHS 72% 65% 54% 70% 74% 71% 57% 9.8 48% 7.0 4.4 Proportion of vacancies filled - LHS 5.3 9.4 8.0 5.3 3.0 1.1 2007-08 1.3 2008-09 1.6 2009-10 1.7 2010-11 2.3 2011-12 2.5 2012-13 2.7 2013-14 2.9 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 (no.) 2014-15 Source: Department of Employment, Survey of Employers who have Recently Advertised (occupation coverage varies over the time series) Labour Market Research and Analysis Branch Department of Employment Page 2 The number of applicants per vacancy increased threefold between 2007-08 and 2014-15, but there was little change between 2013-14 and 2014-15. o In 2014-15, there were 9.4 applicants per vacancy, of whom 7.7 were qualified and 2.9 were considered to be suitable (Figure 2). The labour market has eased considerably from 2007-08, when around half of surveyed vacancies were filled and there were significantly smaller candidate fields. Regional differences Employers in regional areas experience greater difficulty filling their vacancies than their metropolitan counterparts. Despite this, they generally have the choice of multiple suitable applicants (Appendix A). o In 2014-15, 61 per cent of surveyed regional vacancies were filled, compared with 77 per cent in metropolitan areas. o Regional employers also attract smaller fields of applicants (6.3 applicants per vacancy, on average, compared with 11.2) and suitable applicants (2.3 compared with 3.2). Employers in most states recruited with ease in 2014-15 (Figure 3). o Tasmanian, Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory employers experienced the greatest difficulty filling their vacancies (potentially due to the lack of training available in these areas for some health professions). Over the year to 2014-15, recruitment became easier for employers in Western Australia, South Australia, the Northern Territory and Victoria (Appendix A). Figure 3. Proportion of vacancies filled (%), average number of applicants and suitable applicants per vacancy by state and territory (no.), Health Professions, 2014-15 Applicants per vacancy - RHS Suitable applicants per vacancy - RHS Proportion of vacancies filled - LHS 100 30 90 80 82% 74% 27 82% 73% 71% 71% 70 21 60 52% (%) 50 40 10.6 11.2 54% 18 54% 12.0 11.4 9.4 30 4.4 10 2.2 NSW 3.2 VIC 4.6 QLD 3.1 SA 15 (no.) 12 9 7.3 20 0 24 2.3 1.7 WA TAS 4.3 2.2 NT 6 3.8 1.7 ACT 2.9 3 0 Australia Source: Department of Employment, Survey of Employers who have Recently Advertised Occupational differences Employers recruiting for medical radiation therapists, speech pathologists and podiatrists filled more than 90 per cent of their surveyed vacancies. There were particularly large fields of applicants, qualified applicants and suitable applicants for medical laboratory scientist and dentist vacancies (Appendix A). Labour Market Research and Analysis Branch Department of Employment Page 3 Employers recruiting for sonographers, optometrists and audiologists experienced the greatest difficulty filling their vacancies, and were the only occupations found to be in shortage. Figure 4. Proportion of vacancies filled (%), average number of applicants and suitable applicants per vacancy by occupation (no.), Health Professions, Australia, 2014-15 Applicants per vacancy - RHS Suitable applicants per vacancy - RHS Proportion of vacancies filled - LHS 100% 100 90 80 70 60 (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 87% 34.4 82% 77% 93% 90% 85% 72% 68% 29.7 47% 38% 14.5 13.8 27% 9.5 9.1 5.2 6.1 1.4 4.8 1.6 0.6 4.2 3.8 2.9 1.2 3.6 7.7 2.9 1.6 2.7 2.1 0.8 6.4 50 45 40 35 30 25 (no.) 20 15 10 5 0 Source: Department of Employment, Survey of Employers who have Recently Advertised Reasons applicants were unsuitable Surveyed health professions required applicants to be formally qualified. There were, on average, 7.7 qualified applicants per vacancy, of whom 4.5 were considered to be unsuitable by employers. The most commonly cited reasons for qualified applicants being unsuitable were o insufficient experience (this is the case for all but entry level roles and is particularly evident for senior or supervisory roles) o lack of experience in a particular specialisation o not having membership or registration with the relevant professional body o lack of technical skills o poor applications, references or performance at interview o poor communication skills o lack of management experience for senior roles. Many of the unsuitable applicants were new graduates who require support and mentoring that employers often feel unable to provide. Labour Market Research and Analysis Branch Department of Employment Page 4 Demand and Supply Figure 5: Demand and supply summary Graduates 7440 domestic undergraduate students completed a health profession degree in 2013 Undergraduate completions increased by 42.5% over the five years to 2013 78.5% of health profession graduates found full-time work in 2014 Labour Market (May 2015) Immigration In 2014, 465 health profession 457 visas were granted (down from 560 in 2013) 820 settlers self-identified these occupations when arriving in 2014 159,700 employed 70% work full-time Recent growth Employment increased by 18.7% or 25,100 over the five years to May 2015 Growth has been much stronger than the all occupation average (7.2%) Job opportunities Employment is projected to rise by 20.6% to 197,100 in November 2019, well above the all occupation average Turnover is relatively low (7.0%), but there are large numbers of job openings from replacement demand due to the large employment size Source: Various sources. As detailed data for the health professions are not available, broader data have been used which include some occupations not assessed in the research programme. See Appendix C for further details. Employment In May 2015, there were 159,700 health professionals3 employed in Australia, up by 18.7 per cent or 25,100 compared with May 2010 (Figure 6) 4. o Health professionals was the eighth strongest growing occupational group over this period. Around 70 per cent of these professionals work full-time5. ('000) Figure 6. Employment, Health Professions, May 1995 to May 2015 ('000) 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Source: ABS, Labour Force, May 2015, Department of Employment trend 3 As detailed data for the health professions are not available, broader data have been used which include some occupations not assessed in the research programme. See Appendix C for further details. 4 ABS, Labour Force, May 2015, Department of Employment trend 5 ABS, Labour Force, annual average 2014 Labour Market Research and Analysis Branch Department of Employment Page 5 Professional registration A number of health professionals are required to maintain registration with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). The number of registered professionals increased for all assessed occupations over the year to March 20156. In March 2015, AHPRA registrations numbered o 11,414 diagnostic radiographers (up from 11,024 in March 2014) o 2312 radiation therapists (up from 2245) o 4907 optometrists (up from 4781) o 28,950 pharmacists (up from 28,188) o 15,853 dentists (up from 15,569) o 17,047 occupational therapists (up from 16,084) o 27,360 physiotherapists (up from 25,915) o 4372 podiatrists (up from 4108). Sonographers are required to be accredited by the Australasian Sonographer Accreditation Registry. There were around 5140 qualified and active sonographers in March 2015 (compared with 4880 in March 2014)7. Speech pathology is a self-regulated profession, with most employers requiring applicants to have membership with Speech Pathology Australia (SPA). Employers recruiting for audiologists required applicants to have a Qualified Practitioner number issued by the Department of Health, a Certificate of Clinical Practice (CCP) and membership with Audiology Australia or the Australian College of Audiology. Vacancy levels Internet vacancy levels for the health professions are at a high level relative to those for all occupations and all professionals (Figure 7). Figure 7. Advertised Vacancies, Health Professions, All Professionals and All Occupations, June 2006 to June 2015 (indexed) Health Professions All Professionals All Occupations 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 Source: Department of Employment, Internet Vacancy Index, trend (January 2006 = 100) 6 7 AHPRA (various boards), Registrant data, March 2014 and March 2015, all registration types Australasian Sonographer Accreditation Registry, March 2015, customised data, estimates Labour Market Research and Analysis Branch Department of Employment Page 6 Training Growth in the number of domestic students studying in courses directly related to the health professions8 has been significant in recent years. Higher education data show there has been a strong increase in both commencements and completions (undergraduate and postgraduate) for the health professions between 2008 and 2013 (Figure 8).9 o Commencements increased by 43.2 per cent (or 4560) to 15,100. The strongest growth was for postgraduate study, up by 67.1 per cent (or 1460) to 3640. o Completions increased by 49.1 per cent (or 3390) to 10,280 with the strongest growth being for postgraduate courses, up by 69.5 per cent (or 1170) to 2840. Figure 8. Higher education commencements and completions, Health, 2008 to 2013 (no.) Undergraduate 16000 Postgraduate 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 Commencements 2012 2013 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Completions Source: Department of Education and Training, Higher Education Statistic Data Cube, 2013, domestic students Growth in training numbers was evident across all the Health professions over the five years to 2013 (Figure 9).10 o The strongest growth in commencements was for speech pathology (up by 94.2 per cent or 580), followed by physiotherapy (up by 59.3 per cent or 890). o Medical science experienced the strongest growth in completions over the period (up by 84.3 per cent or 1,370) followed by speech pathology (up by 78.6 per cent or 330). 8 Includes those fields of training directly related to the health professions. See Appendix C for more information. Department of Education and Training, Higher Education Student Data Collection, 2013, customised table, domestic students 10 ibid 9 Labour Market Research and Analysis Branch Department of Employment Page 7 Figure 9. Higher education commencements and completions, Health by field of education, 2008 and 2013 (no.) Audiology Podiatry Optometry Dentistry Speech Pathology Radiography Occupational Therapy Pharmacy Physiotherapy Medical Science 2013 Audiology Optometry Dentistry Speech Pathology Radiography Occupational Therapy Pharmacy Physiotherapy Medical Science Commencements Podiatry 2008 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Completions Source: Department of Education and Training, Higher Education Student Data Collection, 2013, domestic students Graduate outcomes Bachelor degree graduate outcomes have fallen sharply in recent years.11 o Between 2009 and 2014, employment outcomes for bachelor degree graduates from courses directly related to the health professions12 fell by 11.8 percentage points to 78.5 per cent. There were falls in bachelor degree graduate outcomes for almost all fields of education which supply occupations in this cluster between 2009 and 2014 (Figure 10). o The largest fall in graduate outcomes was for speech pathology graduates, down by 32.7 percentage points to 56.7 per cent in full-time employment. o The smallest fall was for optometry graduates, with 95.7 per cent in full-time employment four months after graduation, down from 98.6 per cent (this, in part, reflects the need for a registration year, which the industry generally provides). o Graduate outcomes in the field of physiotherapy increased slightly, up by 0.4 percentage points to 94.3 per cent in full-time employment. o In 2009, only one health field had bachelor degree outcomes lower than the all fields average (medical science). In 2014, there were three fields with below average outcomes (occupational therapy, medical science and speech pathology). 11 Graduate Careers Australia, Graduate Destinations Survey 2014, customised table. Outcomes refer to the proportion of bachelor degree graduates who were available for full-time employment and were in full-time employment four months after the completion of their qualification. Employment outcomes in a number of health professions are influenced by the requirement to undertake an internship for registration which may inflate the number employed full-time compared with other occupations. 12 Includes those fields of training directly related to the health professions. See Appendix C for more information. Labour Market Research and Analysis Branch Department of Employment Page 8 Figure 10. Bachelor degree graduate outcomes, Health profession fields of education, 2009 and 2014 (%) 2009 2014 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Source: Graduate Careers Australia, Graduate Destinations Survey Note: Percentages relate to the proportion of domestic bachelor degree graduates in full-time employment four months after graduating Future demand Employment of health professionals13 is projected to grow by 20.6 per cent over the five years to number 197,100 in November 2019. o The strongest growth is expected for occupational therapists (up by 36.6 per cent or 4700). o The largest growth is projected for pharmacists (up by 5400 or 16.1 per cent). o No occupation is expected to experience a fall in employment, although medical laboratory scientist is projected to have below average growth (7.7 per cent compared with the all occupations average of 10.0 per cent and the all professionals average of 14.2 per cent). Turnover is relatively low (7.0 per cent, compared with the all occupations average of 11.4 per cent) but the number of job openings from replacement demand is still relatively high14. Demand for health professionals is expected to remain strong due to the ageing population, increasing accessibility to health care services, the roll out of the NDIS beyond the seven trial sites in place at 30 June 201515 and developments in medical technology expanding health care options. Publicly funded initiatives will continue to affect the demand for the health workforce. 13 Department of Employment, Employment Projections to November 2019. As detailed data for the health professions are not available, broader data have been used which include some occupations not assessed in the research programme. See Appendix C for further details. 14 ABS, Labour Mobility, 2013 15 National Disability Insurance Agency, Quarterly Report to COAG Disability Reform Council, 30 June 2015 Labour Market Research and Analysis Branch Department of Employment Page 9 APPENDIX A State and territory skill shortage rating by occupation, 2014-15 Occupation 2346-11 2512-11 2512-12 2512-14 2514-11 2515-11,13 2523-12 2524-11 2525-11 2526-11 2527-11 2527-12 Medical Laboratory Scientist* Medical Diagnostic Radiographer Medical Radiation Therapist* Sonographer Optometrist Hospital and Retail Pharmacist Dentist* Occupational Therapist Physiotherapist Podiatrist* Audiologist* Speech Pathologist* Australia NS D NS S S NS NS NS D NS S NS NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NT ACT NS R; M-D R NS NS S S NS S S NS S R NS S R R S S NS S NS R-D S S D S S NS S S NS NS D NS NS NS D NS NS NS R-D S S S S NS S Source: Department of Employment, Skill shortage research Key to ratings S National shortage M Shortage in metropolitan areas R Shortage in regional areas D Recruitment difficulty R-D Recruitment difficulty in regional areas M-D Recruitment difficulty in metropolitan areas * Occupation was assessed for Australia as a whole, state rating is not available Labour Market Research and Analysis Branch Department of Employment Page 10 Proportion of vacancies filled (%), average number of applicants and suitable applicants per vacancy (no.), Health Professions by location, 2013-14 and 2014-15 Metropolitan Regional Australia Proportion of vacancies filled (%) Average number of applicants per vacancy 2013-14 77 69 74 2013-14 11.4 6.6 9.8 2014-15 77 61 71 2014-15 11.2 6.3 9.4 Average number of suitable applicants per vacancy 2013-14 2.8 2.3 2.7 2014-15 3.2 2.3 2.9 Source: Department of Employment, Survey of Employers who have Recently Advertised Proportion of vacancies filled (%), average number of applicants and suitable applicants per vacancy (no.), Health Professions by state and territory, 2013-14 and 2014-15 New South Wales Victoria Queensland South Australia Western Australia Tasmania Northern Territory Australian Capital Territory Australia Proportion of vacancies filled (%) Average number of applicants per vacancy 2013-14 82 78 74 76 61 69 49 88 74 2013-14 14.3 11.1 13.5 7.7 8.3 2.8 3.6 4.5 9.8 2014-15 74 82 73 82 71 52 54 54 71 2014-15 10.6 11.2 11.4 7.3 12.0 4.4 4.3 3.8 9.4 Average number of suitable applicants per vacancy 2013-14 3.0 3.0 3.6 1.7 2.4 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.7 2014-15 2.2 3.2 4.6 3.1 2.3 1.7 2.2 1.7 2.9 Source: Department of Employment, Survey of Employers who have Recently Advertised Labour Market Research and Analysis Branch Department of Employment Page 11 Proportion of vacancies filled (%), average number of applicants , qualified applicants and suitable applicants per vacancy (no.), Health Professions by Occupation, 2013-14 and 2014-15 Occupation 2346-11 Medical Laboratory Scientist 2512-11 Medical Diagnostic Radiographer 2512-12 Medical Radiation Therapist 2512-14 Sonographer 2514-11 Optometrist 2515-11,13 Hospital/Retail Pharmacist 2523-12 Dentist 2524-11 Occupational Therapist 2525-11 Physiotherapist 2526-11 Podiatrist 2527-11 Audiologist 2527-12 Speech Pathologist Health Professionals Proportion of vacancies filled (%) 2013-14 97 80 100 31 n/a 78 85 86 69 n/a n/a 90 74 2014-15 87 68 100 27 47 82 77 85 72 90 38 93 71 Average number of applicants per vacancy 2013-14 29.3 6.8 14.0 1.7 n/a 12.7 20.4 11.2 4.5 n/a n/a 10.3 9.8 2014-15 34.4 5.2 9.5 1.6 2.9 13.8 29.7 9.1 3.8 4.2 2.1 14.5 9.4 Average number of qualified applicants per vacancy 2013-14 22.9 5.1 10.5 0.7 n/a 10.2 17.8 10.6 4.2 n/a n/a 7.1 8.1 2014-15 15.8 2.5 8.4 1.0 2.1 11.9 29.0 8.7 3.6 4.2 2.1 14.2 7.7 Average number of suitable applicants per vacancy 2013-14 6.7 2.2 10.1 0.5 n/a 2.3 5.3 2.8 1.5 n/a n/a 4.4 2.7 2014-15 6.1 1.4 4.8 0.6 1.2 3.6 7.7 2.9 1.6 2.7 0.8 6.4 2.9 Source: Department of Employment, Survey of Employers who have Recently Advertised Labour Market Research and Analysis Branch Department of Employment Page 12 APPENDIX B Employment, selected Health Professions and All Occupations Employment 2346 Medical Laboratory Scientists 2512 Medical Imaging Professionals 2514 Optometrists and Orthoptists 2515 Pharmacists 2523 Dental Practitioners 2524 Occupational Therapists 2525 Physiotherapists 2526 Podiatrists 2527 Speech Professionals and Audiologists All Occupations ('000) 19.1 19.6 6.0 40.3 9.6 10.9 19.8 4.3 9.3 11,747.2 Employment change, five years to May 2015 ('000) -3.1 4.7 4.0 23.4 -2.4 0.2 0.3 0.7 6.1 784.3 % -14.0 31.2 197.0 138.1 -20.4 2.0 1.4 18.9 195.4 7.2 Projected employment change, five years to November 2019 ('000) % 1.8 7.7 5.3 31.9 0.6 11.4 5.4 16.1 1.2 11.4 4.7 36.6 4.9 20.8 0.4 11.4 0.9 14.3 1166.4 10.0 Source: ABS, Labour Force, May 2015, Department of Employment trend; Department of Employment, Occupational Projections to November 2019 Labour Market Research and Analysis Branch Department of Employment Page 13 APPENDIX C Health professions, List of ANZSCO and ASCED codes used for data sources Employment data Source: ABS, Labour Force, May 2015, Department of Employment trend Covers ANZSCO 251 Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals and 252 Health Therapy Professionals. Includes some occupations not covered by the Skill Shortage research. Excludes 2346-11 Medical Laboratory Scientist. Internet Vacancy Index data Source: Department of Employment, Internet Vacancy Index, trend Covers ANZSCO 251 Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals and ANZSCO 252 Health Therapy Professionals. Includes some occupations not covered by the Skill Shortage research. Excludes 2346-11 Medical Laboratory Scientist. Employment Projections data Source: Department of Employment, Employment Projections to November 2019 Covers ANZSCO 251 Health Diagnostic and Promotion Professionals and ANZSCO 252 Health Therapy Professionals. Includes some occupations not covered by the Skill Shortage research. Excludes 2346-11 Medical Laboratory Scientist. University commencements and completions Source: Department of Education and Training, Higher Education Student Data Collection, 2013, customised table, domestic students Includes those fields of training directly related to the health professions – Audiology (061709), Dentistry (060701), Medical Science (019901), Occupational Therapy (061703), Optometry (060901), Pharmacy (060501), Physiotherapy (061701), Podiatry (061713), Radiography (061501) and Speech Pathology (061707). Graduate data Source: Graduate Careers Australia, Graduate Destinations Survey, 2014, customised table Data relate to bachelor degree graduates from the following fields of education: Dentistry (060701), Medical Science (019901), Occupational Therapy (061703), Optometry (060901), Pharmacy (060501), Physiotherapy (061701), Podiatry (061713), Radiography (061501) and Speech Pathology (061707). Immigration data Sources: Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Subclass 457 Visas Granted Quarterly Pivot Table, 31 March 2015 Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Overseas Arrivals and Departures 2013-14 Pivot Table and 2014-15 Pivot Table, 30 June 2014 and 31 January 2015 Refers to health professionals in the following ANZSCO codes: Medical Laboratory Scientists (2346), Medical Imaging Professionals (2512), Optometrists and Orthoptists (2514), Pharmacists (2515), Dental Practitioners (2523), Occupational Therapists (2524), Physiotherapists (2525), Podiatrists (2526), Audiologists and Speech Pathologists or Therapists (2527) Labour Market Research and Analysis Branch Department of Employment Page 14