1. Describe the structure of the nucleosome. Discuss what proteins are present and what
are their functions?
2. Describe the 10 nm fiber and the 30 nm fiber. Which is the most likely structure found
within the nuclei of Eukaryotic cells? For the structure you have chosen, why is this the
case?
3. Be able to match the genomes below to the appropriate description:
a. Eukaryotic genomes:
b. Prokaryotic genomes:
c. Mitochondrial genomes:
d. Chloroplast genomes
e. DNA viral genomes
f. Retroviral genomes
g. (+) strand RNA genomes
h. (-) strand RNA genomes
4. Describe an experiment to determine how much DNA is wound around a nucleosome.
5. Explain why organisms need to have a highly organized genome structure? What
other types of molecules need to associate with DNA to provide this structure, and how
do they do this?
6. How many base pairs of DNA are wound into a nucleosome. Please discuss in detail
an experiment that would determine this.
7. Please discuss the selenoid vs. the zig-zag model of chromatin structure. Which is
physiologically relevant? Why?
8. Please briefly discuss the problem of why it is difficult to pack naked DNA into the
nucleus of a Eukaryotic cell.
9. In the beads-on-a-string model, what constitutes the beads, what constitutes the string?
10. Please discuss the difference between the structure of metaphase and interphase
chromosomes. Which complex is necessary for formation of the metaphase structure?
11. Does a bacterial chromosome have a problem with fitting its single circular
chromosome into the cell? If so, please explain what structure(s) must be formed, and
what proteins are necessary for structure formation.
12. Are the proteins involved in forming the nucleoid structure essential. Please explain
in detail.
13. Please name and describe three different types of Eukaryotic RNA viruses. How do
these differ from retroviruses?
14. Please state the endosymbiont hypothesis. What evidence led to the suggestion of
this hypothesis?
15. Are mitochondrial/Chloroplasts genomes indpendent of the nuclear genome? Please
explain your answer.
16. Please state one reason plasmids are useful for bacteria? For laboratory research?