GEOLOGY MIDTERM REVIEW 2013
You may use a 3x5 card of hand written notes
LAB STATIONS
Identify mineral names
hematite
magnetite
plagioclase
pyrite
halite
galena
calcite
K-feldspar
muscovite
quartz
fluorite
graphite
olivine
gypsum
hornblende
talc
calcite
corundum
biotite
chalcopyrite
Identify IGNESOUS- granite, andesite, pumice, basalt, gabbro, scoria, obsidian, peridotite, rhyolite
Identify SEDIMENTARY-crystalline limestone, fossiliferous limestone, rock gypsum, shale, sandstone,
coal, chalk, arkose, coquina, conglomerate, breccia , flint, chert
Identify METAMORPHIC- slate, gneiss, marble, quartzite, schist ,metaconglomerate
MINING
Evaluate the pros and cons of surface and underground mining
*Describe solution mining
*Calculate the mass of ore from a pit (assaying Jaspillite lab)
Describe reclamation solutions
Give examples of mines in Michigan
Describe the Mining Law of 1872
Explain the Reclamation Act of 1977
*Describe specific dangers of coal mining
MINERALS (chapter 2)
Use the geologic definition to determine if a substance is a mineral
identify mineral properties and use the correct terms to describe them:
luster (define)
hardness ( know the common test standards, glass=7) define
cleavage (explain why cleavage exists) (recognize directions)
*streak (type of mineral this is most useful for)
color (why is this unreliable?)
diaphaniety (define) (how different from luster?)
Classify a mineral as a silicate, oxide, sulfate, carbonate or sulfide based on i’s chemical formula
or common properties
*Explain why silicate minerals are so common
Recognize the subgroups of silicates based on pictures of their atomic structure
GEMS/CRYSTALS
*define the 4 C’s of diamond buying, recognize appropriate abbreviations and quality
convert grams to carats and vice versa
identify common gems from descriptions or samples
identify crystal systems: isometric, hexagonal, tetragonal, orthorhombic
Describe how geodes form
Calculate the % gold from karats
ROCKS (PETROLOGY)
explain the rock cycle
sketch it including rock types and processes
IGNEOUS ROCKS (chapter 3)
*Recognize igneous textures and relate to cooling rate
explain Bowen’s reaction series (melting temp. vs. composition)
recognize batholiths, sills, dikes and laccoliths
Compare mafic and felsic rocks
Compare intrusive and extrusive rocks
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Describe how a porphyritic texture forms
Describe the environment of formation of igneous rocks
*Explain how temp, pressure and water influence the melting of rock
VOLCANOES (chapter 4)
recognize the 4 types of volcanoes, describe eruption type, cone shape and products produced
*recognize the type of volcano related to the plate boundary (ocean-ocean, ocean-continental,
divergent, hot spot)
compare rhyolitic and basaltic lava’s viscosity and how this effects eruptions
Calculate the rate of plate movement from hot spot islands and the direction of plate movement
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS (chapter 6)
explain what clues sedimentary features can tell: mud cracks, ripple marks, cross bedding, grad.
recognize transgressive/ regressive sequences
describe which sed. rocks will form in the following environments:
alluvial fan, glacial, beach, swamp , hot spring, tidal zone, reef, deep marine
Explain how sediments can turn into sedimentary rocks (4 ways)
*METAMORPHIC ROCKS (chapter 7)
*explain how foliation forms
*list the 3 causes and effect of metamorphic agents (heat, pressure, chem. fluids)
*describe difference between regional and contact metamorphism
relate the degree of metamorphism to the minerals found in met. Rocks
relate the degree of metamorphism to met. Rock (page 161)
WEATHERING (Chapter 5)
distinguish between mechanical (physical) and chemical weathering
recognize examples of hydrolysis, dissolution and oxidation
explain how various rock types weather
relate climates with weathering types and rate
use the soil triangle to classify soils
explain how most caves form
describe the usefulness of various soils (clay, loam, sand, gravel)
MASS MOVEMENTS (Chapter 8)
recognize: rockslides, lahar, mudflow, creep, slump, solifluction
determine the main cause of mass movements
describe other factors that affect mass movement
describe how humans increase the risk of mass movements
relate angle of repose to sediment size
GEOLOGIC TIME (Chapters 18 and 19)
recognize dominate organisms that lived during each of the 4 eras
Explain the theory for the “Great Dying”. When did this occur?
Explain the ending of the Mesozoic. Describe evidence for this event
Recognize the following fossils:
Trilobite, coral, stromatolite, brachiopod, ammonite, crinoid, cephalopod