Name___________________________________________________________________ Period______________
Chapter 14 The Atom (sections 14.1-14.5)
1. Atoms are incredibly small building blocks of _______________________.
2. What was probably the first kind of atom?
a. Helium
b. Carbon
c. Hydrogen
3. What atoms make up more than 90% of the atoms in the known universe?
a. Helium
b. Carbon
c. Hydrogen
4. True or False: Everything around you on Earth today is made up of atoms
manufactured in stars that exploded billions of years ago. __________________
5. When you exhale, how long does it take your breath to become uniformly
mixed in the atmosphere? _____________________________
6. What does the number 1022 mean?
a. 1 with 22 zeros after it
b. 10 with 22 zeros in front of it
c. the number 1022
d. none of the above
7. When did Robert Brown do his work with the motion of particles? ____________
8. What forces cause the phenomenon of Brownian motion?_______________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
9. A scanning probe microscope is able to
a. Indirectly generate images of atoms
b. Move individual atoms around
c. Both a & b
d. Neither a nor b
10. Atoms are made up of what subatomic particles? ________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
11. Where are the protons and neutrons bound together? __________________________
12. If matter is made up of mostly empty space, then why don’t we fall through
the floor? ____________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
13. Of the 100 or so kinds of atoms that are known, how many occur naturally?
______________________________
14. Any material made up of only one type of atom is classified as an
___________________________.
15. Write the symbol for each atom
a. Carbon ______________
b. Gold ________________
c. Nitrogen _____________
16. An element consists of how many types of atoms?
a. Many
b. Only a few
c. One
d. Two
17. Water is a compound made up of which atoms?
a. Hydrogen and oxygen
b. Helium and oxygen
c. Only hydrogen
d. Hydrogen and air
18. Which of the following is the symbol for cobalt?
a. CO
b. Co
c. C
19. In the periodic table of the elements, elements in the same _____________________
are in the same column, and elements in the same _______________________ are in
the same row.
20. True or False: Each horizontal row is called a period because it corresponds
to one full cycle of a trend. ____________________
21. Scanning _______________________________ microscopes are devices used to create
submicroscopic imagery.
22. The ____________________ in your body have existed since the beginning of time.
23. Robert Brown was a Scottish ______________________________.
24. The perpetual jiggling of microscopic particles is called _________________________
25. Cl is the chemical symbol for _____________________________
26. Atoms are made up of smaller particles called _____________________ particles.
27. _______________________________ is the lightest atom.
28. Protons reside in the nucleus of the atom, and they have a ______________________
electric charge.
29. True or False: protons are less massive than electrons. ______________________
30. Why is the net charge on any atom zero? _________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
31. The number of protons in the nucleus of a neutral atom is always the same as
its _____________________________ _________________________.
32. True or False: Neutrons contains a negative charge and electrically balance
the positive charge of the proton. ________________________
33. When you compare the masses of a proton and a neutron
a. They have about the same mass.
b. The proton weighs more than the neutron
c. The neutron weighs significantly more than the proton
d. None of the above
34. If a micrometer is 0.000001 meter long ( or 1 x 10-6 meter), how many
meters long is a nanometer? ___________________________
35. Is a nanometer smaller or larger than a micrometer? _________________________
36. If larger, how much larger? _____________________________
37. Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of
neutrons are called _________________________________.
38. Most hydrogen atoms have no __________________________________.
39. If you have an element that has one proton and no neutrons, a second
element that has one proton and one neutron and a third element that has
one proton and two neutrons, what can you conclude about the three
elements? _________________________________________________________________________
40. True or False: The atomic number of an element is roughly equal to the mass
of its protons plus the mass of its neutrons plus the mass of its electrons.
________________________
41. In the periodic table of the elements, the atomic number of an element is
always an integer, the atomic mass is sometimes a number that has a decimal
fraction such as 4.003 (helium) or 20.180 (neon). Why? ________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
42. True or False: The mass number of an element is the number of nucleons in
the most common isotope of the element. ______________________________
43. An atom can have as many as seven element shells, with shell 1 being the
innermost. Indicate below the maximum number of electrons that can reside
in each of the seven shells.
a. Shell 1 _________________
e. Shell 5____________________
b. Shell 2 _________________
f. Shell 6 ____________________
c. Shell 3 _________________
g. Shell 7 ___________________
d. Shell 4 _________________
44. Explain which of the shells participates in chemical reactions?
________________________________________________________________________________________
45. The electrons in the outermost shell are called _______________________ electrons.
46. A ______________________ is a nuclear particle with about the same mass as a
proton but with no electric charge.
47. An electrically balanced __________________ atom has eight protons and eight
electrons.
48. ____________________________________ deals with incredibly tiny objects from 1 to
100 nanometers (nm) in scale.
49. With two protons in its nucleus, ___________________________ has an atomic
number of 2.
50. A hydrogen ___________________________ with one proton and one neutron is
called hydrogen-2.