Honors Biology Chapter 5 Study Guide
Name__________________________________Per_______
Review
1. REVIEW: p. 41 Sketch a phospholipid bilayer: (label the hydrophilic heads and the hydrophobic
tails)
2. p. 54 Now draw in some proteins in the phospholipid membrane and label.
3. Read p. 75 (section 5.2)- From what we learned in Chapter 3 about lipids, why do phospholipids
and water, when shaken together, form water-filled bubbles?
READ p. 74 Section 7.1
1. Why is the plasma membrane described as “fluid mosaic?”
Label the
diagram
Fig. 5.1 of
the types
of proteins
that are
found in
the plasma
membrane
.
READ p. 75 Section 7.3
If green dye is permeable to a membrane, describe how diffusion works to move it across a membrane.
Make a sketch. Also use the terms diffusion, concentration gradient, and passive transport.
List at least three substances that could move by passive transport through a plasma membrane:
Honors Biology Chapter 5 Study Guide p. 2
READ p. 76-77
1. Define: osmosis
2. What does it mean to move “down the gradient?”
3. In the top diagram describe why the water moved the direction it did. In the bottom diagram
explain which side of the membrane has more “bound” water molecules and which has more
“free” water molecules. Label which side of the membrane is hypertonic, which is hypotonic.
4. Define: tonicity
5. Describe the surrounding solution to a cell if it is:
A. isotonic
B. hypotonic
C. hypertonic
6. What is osmoregulation? Give an example.
7.
Label the pictures:
A.Turgid plant cell
B.Lysed blood cell
C. Normal blood cell
D. shriveled blood cell
E. plasmolyzed plant cell
F. flaccid plant cell
Using the above diagram as a guide, why do we water plants Why is our blood a little salty (0.9% salt)?
What does that imply about the concentration of solutes inside the cell?
Honors Biology Chapter 5 Study Guide p. 3
8. How can polar or charged substances can cross the plasma membrane ?
9. List four substances that use a protein (facilitated diffusion) to cross a membrane?
10. What does an aquaporin transport? This was discovered by Peter Agre in 2003 (Nobel Prize winner).
See p. 78 What type of cells would most likely have aquaporins?
11. It used to be thought that water just diffused through the plasma membrane. What advantage is the
aquaporin over simple membrane diffusion?
READ p.78
1. How is active transport different from passive transport? What special molecule is needed?
2. What does “against the gradient” mean?
3. In Fig. 5.8 what part of the ATP molecule is transferred to the transport protein? What does this
cause the protein to do?
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
In the diagram to the right, label:
Passive Transport -PT
Active Transport –AT
Facilitated Diffusion- FD
Diffusion - D
5. Bulk transport would also be known as
________________________________.
6. MATCH THE FOLLOWING:
_____endocytosis
_____phagocytosis
_____pinocytosis
_____receptor-mediated endocytosis
_____exocytosis
A. specially shaped molecules in the membrane, when
filled form a pit, closes to form a vesicle
B. export of bulky materials out of the cell
C. cell “gulps” tiny droplets of liquid into the cell
D. a cell takes in large molecules via a depression,
vesicle forming
E. engulfing a particle, wrapping its membrane around
Honors Biology Study Guide 5 p. 4
READ pp. 80-81
1. MATCHING:
_____heat
_____entropy
_____cellular respiration
_____thermodynamics
_____1st Law of
Thermodynamics
_____2nd Law of
Thermodynamics
_____energy
_____kinetic energy
_____potential energy
_____chemical energy
A. potential energy available for release in chemical reactions
B. the capacity to do work
C. energy of motion
D. energy associated with random movement of atoms
E. measure of disorder
F. energy due to location or structure
G. energy conversions increase the entropy of the universe
H. energy in the universe is constant
I. study of energy transformations in a collection of matter
J. cells use oxygen to release energy from fuel molecules
READ p. 81
Fill out the chart:
Exergonic Reaction
Begins with reactants
whose bonds contain
more energy than the
products
Requires input of
energy
Photosynthesis is an
example (takes in
sunlight to produce
energy-rich molecules
Define: metabolism
What is a “metabolic pathway?”
What is “energy coupling?”
READ p. 82
1. Draw a sketch of ATP.
Draw a sketch of ADP.
2. What charge are the phosphates?______ Are these bonds stable or unstable?___________
Can these bonds be easily broken?_______ What process would do this?________________
3. Is the process of ATP forming ADP endogonic or exergonic?______________________________
4. Define: phosphorylation
5. Is ATP renewable?____________ Draw a sketch of the flow of energy forming ATP and ADP:
Honors Biology Chapter 5 Study Guide p. 5
READ p. 83
1. Why does not wood just burst into flames or a protein just break down?
2. What is activation energy?
3. What are enzymes? How do they change the EA?
4. In the graph label “With” the line that would be with an enzyme.
Label “Without” the line that would represent without an enzyme.
Circle where the activation energy would be on each line.
2. In the diagram below label:
Substrate
H2O
Enzyme
Products of substrate
READ p. 84
1. Are enzymes specific or general on the substances they work?
2. What does it mean that the enzyme has an “induced fit” to the substrate?
3. What are some factors that affect the function of an enzyme?
4. How are cofactors and coenzymes alike? Different? Give examples of each:
READ p. 85
How do each of these inhibitors alter the work of an enzyme?
Competetive inhibitor
noncompetetive inhibitor
feedback inhibitor