MAY0914
Solar Decathlon
Michael Anderson
Matthew Bray
Jesse Erickson
Louis Landphair
Shawn Merselis
Jamasen Parham
DISCLAIMER: This document was developed as part of the requirements of an electrical and computer engineering course at Iowa State
University, Ames, Iowa. The document does not constitute a professional engineering design or a professional land-surveying document.
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senior design course coordinator.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary....................................................................................................................................... 5
1.0
Project Description .......................................................................................................................... 6
2.0
Project Needs ................................................................................................................................... 6
3.0
System Operating Environment ....................................................................................................... 7
4.0
Functional Requirements ................................................................................................................. 7
5.0
Non-Functional Requirements ......................................................................................................... 8
6.0
Project Deliverables (Original Project Scope) .................................................................................. 8
7.0
Project Deliverables (Additional Accomplishments) ....................................................................... 8
8.0
Project Risks ..................................................................................................................................... 8
9.0
Resource Requirements ................................................................................................................... 8
10.0
Project Schedule .............................................................................................................................. 9
11.0
System Design for Solar House ...................................................................................................... 11
11.1
System Requirements ................................................................................................................ 11
11.1.1
Runs on Solar Energy ........................................................................................................ 11
11.1.2
Provides Surplus Energy to Electrical Grid ........................................................................ 11
11.1.3
Provide Adaptable Models of Energy Use ........................................................................ 11
11.1.4
Provide Basis of House Electrical System ......................................................................... 11
11.1.5
LONworks Design and Consulting ..................................................................................... 11
11.1.6
PLC touch screen that displays energy system of house .................................................. 11
11.1.7
Self-Monitoring Energy System ........................................................................................ 12
11.2
Functional Decomposition......................................................................................................... 12
11.3
System analysis .......................................................................................................................... 14
11.4
System User Interface ............................................................................................................... 14
12.0
Detailed Design .............................................................................................................................. 14
12.1
Input/output specification......................................................................................................... 14
12.2
Electrical System ........................................................................................................................ 15
12.2.1
Photovoltaic Panel Specifications ..................................................................................... 15
12.2.2
Grid Tie Inverter Specifications ......................................................................................... 15
12.2.3
Main Feeder Specifications ............................................................................................... 15
12.2.4
Energy Branch Specifications ............................................................................................ 16
12.3
Energy Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 17
12.3.1
Appliance Specifications ................................................................................................... 17
12.3.2
Lighting Specifications ...................................................................................................... 17
12.3.3
HVAC Specifications .......................................................................................................... 18
12.3.4
Entertainment Specifications............................................................................................ 19
12.3.5
Miscellaneous Area Specifications.................................................................................... 19
12.3.6
Solar Decathlon Contest Specifications ............................................................................ 20
12.4
Control System .......................................................................................................................... 22
12.4.1
LONworks Controller Specifications ................................................................................. 22
12.4.2
Power Meter Specifications .............................................................................................. 23
12.4.3
User Interface Specifications ............................................................................................ 24
12.4.4
Software Specifications..................................................................................................... 24
12.4.5
Smart-house Design and Controller Implementation....................................................... 24
12.4.6
Thin-Film Photovoltaic Cell Testing ........................................................................................... 26
12.4.7
Open Circuit Voltage and Short Circuit Current................................................................ 26
12.4.8
Temperature vs. Current .................................................................................................. 27
12.4.9
Quantum Efficiency........................................................................................................... 30
Procedure................................................................................................................................................ 30
13.0
Solar Interlock House Construction ............................................................................................... 32
14.0
Design Documents ......................................................................................................................... 33
14.1
15.0
Electronic CAD ........................................................................................................................... 33
14.1.1
Modeling and simulation of house electrical loads .......................................................... 33
14.1.2
Appliances load circuit layout ........................................................................................... 33
14.1.3
Lighting loads circuit layout .............................................................................................. 33
14.1.4
HVAC loads circuit layout .................................................................................................. 33
14.1.5
Entertainment loads circuit layout ................................................................................... 33
14.1.6
Miscellaneous loads circuit layout .................................................................................... 33
Team Breakdown/Objectives......................................................................................................... 33
Appendix A .................................................................................................................................................. 36
A.1 The contest energy analysis.............................................................................................................. 37
A.1.1 Contest Days 8 & 9..................................................................................................................... 37
A.1.2 Contest Days 10 & 11................................................................................................................. 38
A.1.3 Contest Days 12 & 13................................................................................................................. 39
A.1.4 Contest Days 14 & 15................................................................................................................. 40
A.2 Household Components Energy Usage Calculations ........................................................................ 41
A.2.1 Appliances Energy Usage Calculation ........................................................................................ 41
A.2.2 Lighting Energy Usage Calculation ............................................................................................. 42
2.3 HVAC Energy Usage Calculations .................................................................................................. 43
2.4 electronics energy usage calculations........................................................................................... 44
A.2.5 Miscellaneous Components Energy Usage Calculations ........................................................... 45
A.3 PSpice Schematics A.3.1 Circuits of Applianceoads.......................................................................... 46
A.3.2 Circuits of Lighting Loads ........................................................................................................... 47
A.3.3 Circuits of HVAC Loads ............................................................................................................... 49
A.3.4 Circuits of Entertainment Loads ................................................................................................ 50
A.3.5 Circuits of Miscellaneous Loads ................................................................................................. 51
A.4 Feeder Calculations .......................................................................................................................... 52
A.5 Circuit Correction Drawings .............................................................................................................. 53
A.5.1 Circuits Drawing 1 ...................................................................................................................... 53
A.5.2 Circuit Correction Drawing 2 ..................................................................................................... 54
A.5.3 Circuit Correction Drawing 3 ..................................................................................................... 55
A.5.4 Kitchen Circuits .......................................................................................................................... 56
A.5.5 Kitchen Circuits Continued ........................................................................................................ 57
A.5.6 Bedroom Circuit ......................................................................................................................... 58
A.5.8 Living Room Circuit .................................................................................................................... 59
A.5.9 Bathroom Circuit........................................................................................................................ 60
A.5.10 Sunspace Circuit....................................................................................................................... 61
A.5.11 Mechanical Room Circuit ......................................................................................................... 62
A.5.12 Washer/Dryer Circuit ............................................................................................................... 63
A.5.13 Exterior Lights Circuit ............................................................................................................... 64
A.5.14 Pump Circuit ............................................................................................................................ 65
Executive Summary
The Solar Decathlon project scope consisted of providing a complete electrical system layout for the
electrical branches within the Solar Interlock House and energy analysis of the distributed loads
throughout the house. The electrical work included laying out the electrical branches within the house
and properly sizing the wires, breakers, feeders, and other equipment for load and demand. The energy
analysis of the house involved choosing the most energy-efficient loads to minimize energy usage and to
provide approximate values of energy usage of the house.
In addition to the original project scope, Team May0914 provided other necessary services to aid in the
Solar Decathlon project. One of the additional needs was the selection and setup of the house
automation system. The house automation work included selecting a programmable logic controller; a
power meter; house sensors such as humidity and temperature sensors; and the initial setup of the
control devices for additional programming. Next, May0914 tested thin-film photovoltaic cells for the
Solar Interlock House louver system. The photovoltaic cells required testing of open circuit voltage, short
circuit current, cell resistive properties (temperature versus current), and quantum efficiency for a single
photovoltaic cell and a sheet of photovoltaic cells. In addition, the Solar Decathlon team needed contest
energy simulations, general design/consulting work for both smart-house development and other
aspects of the house design, and help with the actual construction of the Solar Interlock House.
In order to work on the construction portion of the Solar Interlock House, each individual had to
complete an OSHA 10-hour training workshop. Three members of May0914 design team; Michael
Anderson, Jesse Erickson, and Jamasen Parham attended the OSHA 10-hour training workshop and
participated in the Solar Interlock House construction. The members involved had a designated time for
building each week. Team May0914 members participated in the framing of the Solar Interlock House
along with the installation of the HVAC warm-board. Although Team May0914 completed the original
project scope and other additional projects, the projected team goal was to install both the electrical
system and control system in the Solar Interlock House. Due to the delayed construction period and
other internal Solar Decathlon committee problems, only the framing of the Solar Interlock House was
completed.
Team May0914 graduates in May 2009, therefore the progress made by Team May0914 must transition
to other members within the Solar Decathlon Team. The implementation of the electrical system and
the control system within the solar house will occur throughout the summer with help from hired
electricians. The Solar Interlock House is scheduled for completion by Fall 2009.
1.0
Project Description
The Solar Decathlon project scope consists of providing a complete electrical system layout for the
electrical branches within the Solar Interlock House and energy analysis of the distributed loads
throughout the house. In addition to the original project scope, Team May0914 provided other
services to aid in the Solar Decathlon project in regard to the selection and setup of the house
automation system, testing of thin film photovoltaic cells, contest energy simulations, general
design/consulting work for numerous areas like smart house criteria, and the actual construction of the
Interlock House.
2.0
Project Needs
The Solar Decathlon Team at Iowa State is participating in a national competition to build a small, solar
powered dwelling (Solar Interlock House). The Decathlon Team needs electrical engineers to analyze
the power consumption of permanent objects within the Interlock house along with designing the
electrical circuitry of the Interlock house. The electrical work includes laying out the electrical branches
within the house and properly sizing the wires, breakers, feeders, and other equipment for load and
demand. The energy analysis of the house involves choosing the most energy-efficient loads to
minimize energy usage and providing approximate values of energy usage of the house. In addition to
the original project scope, Team May0914 provided other necessary services to aid in the Solar
Decathlon project. One of the additional needs is the selection and setup of the house automation
system. The house automation work includes selecting a programmable logic controller, a power meter,
house sensors, such as humidity and temperature sensors, and the initial setup of the devices for
additional programming. Next, the thin film photovoltaic cell required testing of open circuit voltage,
short circuit current, cell resistive properties (temperature versus current), and quantum efficiency for a
single photovoltaic cell and a sheet of photovoltaic cells. In addition, the Solar Decathlon team needed
contest energy simulations, general design/consulting work for both smart-house development and
other aspects of the house design, and help with the actual construction of the Interlock House.
3-d View of the Interlock House
3.0
System Operating Environment
The Interlock House construction must fulfill the climate requirements typical for Iowa, Arizona, and
Washington D.C. For example, the house design needs to take into account the worst scenarios of high
and low temperatures, weather patterns, precipitation, and sunlight.
4.0



Functional Requirements
The electrical system within the house must be properly sized for load and demand. This
includes properly sizing breakers, feeders, wiring and other equipment.
The energy analysis of the house requires choosing the most energy-efficient loads to minimize
energy usage and provide approximate values of energy usage of the house.
The control system needs to monitor the power generated by the photovoltaic panels, power
used by the house, the surplus power distributed to the energy grid, and the frequency/voltage
level of the incoming power to the service panel.

5.0

6.0




7.0




8.0
The control system needs to integrate with the heating ventilation air conditioning system
(HVAC) and lighting systems.
Non-Functional Requirements
All design aspects must meet standards set by both National Electric Code (NEC) and the Solar
Decathlon competition.
Project Deliverables (Original Project Scope)
Electrical layouts of each electrical branch within the Solar Interlock House.
Energy Data for the Solar Interlock House and recommendations on appliances and equipment.
Projected Energy Analysis for Solar Competition.
Selection of Controller, Power Meter, and control system sensor components required for both
the power monitoring system and HVAC system.
Project Deliverables (Additional Accomplishments)
Ladder-logic code for basic control system interaction
Thin Film Testing Data
Smart-house Plan
Help with building the Solar Interlock House
Project Risks
Only a couple members of the Team May0914 have experience designing a complete electrical system.
In addition, as a team, the level of experience in working with a system similar to the LONworks control
system is minimal. The challenge is to create an electrical system that works hand in hand with the
control system.
9.0
Resource Requirements
The project requires CAD software to draw both the electrical system layouts and the energy system
layouts of the house. In addition, the Solar Interlock house requires tools and supplies for construction.
For example, the house electrical system requires a main feeder, service panel, circuit breakers, wire,
switches, lights, receptacles, etc. The control system requires a controller, power meter, potential
transformers (PT), current transformers (CT), etc for monitoring power. The controller also requires
various input sensors to operate the HVAC system. Furthermore, the control system requires TAC
Menta ladder-logic software to program the controller interactions. The thin film testing requires
special testing apparatuses and equipment design to test photovoltaic cells.
10.0 Project Schedule
The time commitments for each portion of the solar decathlon project follow the Gantt schedule chart
under the section Solar Decathlon.
Week
October
6 7 8 9
Consult Tim on BACnet requirements
Development BACnet design concept
Submit BACnet design to Quality
Attributes
Review Quality Attributes tie in
Review Quality Attributes user interface
Submit BACnet design to Quality
Automation
Review Quality Automation tie in
Review Quality Automation user interface
Final decision on BACnet supplier
Kitchen loads energy Analysis
Entertainment loads energy Analysis
Lighting loads energy Analysis
HVAC loads energy Analysis
Controls loads energy Analysis
Miscellaneous loads energy Analysis
Create master energy load diagram
House Wiring Layout
Safety Training
House Construction
Thin Film Testing
Control System Programming
Control System Testing
Smart House Design
Design Review Prep
Bound Design Report
IRP Review Prep
Final Decathlon Report
November
1 1 1
0 1 2
Dec
13
January
1 1 1
4 5 6
February
1 1 1 2
7 8 9 0
March
2 2
1 2 23
2
4
April
2 2
5 6
2
7
11.0 System Design for Solar House
11.1 System Requirements
11.1.1 Runs on Solar Energy
Solar panels must provide energy or supplement the current house electrical system. The major
component of the competition is to provide an energy efficient house that reduces or removes the
house dependence on the energy grid.
11.1.2 Provides Surplus Energy to Electrical Grid
During the competition, the Interlock houses are grid-tied. Grid tying the house allows the Interlock
house to operate when solar energy generation is low or non-existent. It also allows the house to sell
power back to the grid when generation is greater than demand. For the competition, judges monitor
the net energy of the Interlock house.
11.1.3 Provide Adaptable Models of Energy Use
The project consists of providing adaptable energy models of the Interlock house appliances. These
models show an approximation of the power consumed by the entire Interlock house and each
individual permanently mounted appliance or energy consuming device. The models are adaptable for
different appliance manufacturers.
11.1.4 Provide Basis of House Electrical System
The Interlock house electrical system must follow the guidelines and standards provided by the National
Electric Committee (NEC).
11.1.5 LONworks Design and Consulting
Another portion of the project is to aid in the development of the LONworks system. The house must
monitor the energy usage of the house and have the ability to control the HVAC components through
the user interface or sensor data input. TAC, a division of Schneider electric is providing both the
electrical and control components for the Solar Decathlon team. Currently, an engineer from TAC is
helping with the development of the LONworks system. The engineer is helping put together
compatible components to meet the control requirements.
11.1.6 PLC touch screen that displays energy system of house
The Interlock house has a monitoring system that shows the overall power statistics of the house. The
power statistics include information about the power generated by the photovoltaic panels, power used
by the house, the surplus power distributed to the energy grid, and the frequency/voltage level of the
incoming power to the service panel.
11.1.7 Self-Monitoring Energy System
This is a potential feature that the team is considering adding to the LONworks system. The LONworks
system may act as a self-monitoring energy system. Basically, if the energy load demand is too high on
the solar house generation capabilities, than the LONworks system has the ability to balance the load by
shutting off the HVAC system or particular objects drawing a lot of energy.
11.2 Functional Decomposition
The functional decomposition of the Team May0914 responsibilities for the Interlock house divides into
two main systems that complement each other: The Electrical System and Control System.
11.3 System analysis
The electrical system starts at the photovoltaic panels where direct current (DC) is produced. The
energy is converted to 240-volt AC line to line at 60Hz by the inverters. The inverters provide energy to
the main feeder located in the service panel. Electrical energy is then distributed from the service panel
through separate circuit branches throughout the house to different appliances and energy using
devices. However, the LONworks control system expands into great detail. The team is mainly
responsible for the portion of the system that monitors energy. At the service panel, PTs and CTs
measure the voltage and amperage from the main feeder. This information transfers to a power meter.
The power meter reads the information and transfers it to the controller. The controller outputs the
energy data to the touch screen. In addition, the controller operates the HVAC system.
Temperature/humidity sensors and the touch screen provide input data to the controller. From the
information gathered, the controller operates various HVAC components.
11.4 System User Interface
The User Interface of the Solar Interlock House is system is a variety of components. These components
include how an individual interacts with the house, such as the switches for lighting, receptacles for
powering objects, or the controller interface that displays the house energy statistics and allows control
of the HVAC system. The controller interacts with the sensors and other peripheral devices using a
communication protocol called LONworks. The user needs the ability to set variables for the control
system; both permanent base values and temporary override values. The controller interface displays
the current values of the HVAC variables as well as the power statistics. The power statistics include
information about the power generated by the photovoltaic panels, power used by the house, the
surplus power distributed to the energy grid, and the frequency/voltage level of the incoming power to
the service panel.
12.0 Detailed Design
12.1 Input/output specification
The main portion of the Solar Interlock house consists of an input power from the photovoltaic panels or
the energy grid. The output for lighting and appliances is single-phase 60Hz 120/240volt power. The
LONworks control system takes input from many different sensors around the Interlock house. The
sensors report variables such as temperature, humidity, and energy use. The control system requires
the user to enter specified preset values for the climate variables. The controller uses these preset
climate variables as a default standard for climate conditions within the Interlock house. In addition, the
control system allows the user to temporarily change climate settings by overriding the default climate
settings. For example, the user can turn the temperature up or down. The control system outputs
signals telling the respective HVAC devices to turn on or off to adjust the climate variables within the
Interlock house. Furthermore, the control system outputs the power statistics, such as the power
generated by the photovoltaic panels, power used by the house, the surplus power distributed to the
energy grid, and the frequency/voltage level of the incoming power to the service panel.
12.2 Electrical System
12.2.1 Photovoltaic Panel Specifications
The Photovoltaic Panels chosen by the Iowa State Solar Decathlon team are Sanyo HIT 205W panels.
The panels are hetero-junction with Intrinsic Thin Layer solar cells. They have a cell efficiency of up to
20.2% and module efficiency of over 17.7%. A single panel produces a maximum power of 205Watts.
The photovoltaic roof of the Interlock house has the potential of producing more than 7.5kW.
12.2.2 Grid Tie Inverter Specifications
The Interlock house main inverters consist of the Xantrex GT Series Grid Tie Solar Inverters. The two
main inverters are a Xantrex GT3.3 (3.3kW) and a Xantrex 5.0 (5KW). The house may also use a handful
of Enphase 240V Inverters; a minimum of six and a maximum of twelve. They are small, have a low
install cost, and offer an efficiency of up to 96%. The inverters are National Electric Code compliant. In
addition, the inverters consume 1Watt during standby and operate with a maximum open-circuit
voltage of 600Volts DC and maximum input current of 22.0Amps DC. The inverters output 240-volt lineto-line voltage at 60Hz.
12.2.3 Main Feeder Specifications
The main feeder calculations for the solar decathlon house follow the National Electric Codebook based
on section 220.82 for a dwelling unit. The feeder size calculation consists of combining the volt-amp
ratings set for general lighting and general use receptacles, the twenty amp branches in the house,
branches for permanently mounted appliances, permanently mounted motors, and the heating
ventilation air conditioning system (HVAC). The codebook requires 3 volt-amperes per square foot for
general lighting and general-use receptacles. The solar house is approximately 800ft^2, therefore the
general lighting/receptacles total 2400VA. In addition, the codebook requires 1500 volt-amperes for
each 2-wire, 20-ampere small- appliance branch circuit and each laundry branch circuit covered in
210.11(C)(1) and (C)(2). Currently, the house has five 20-Amp circuits accounting for 9000VA.
Furthermore, the total nameplate power ratings of all the permanent appliances and motors add to
both the general lighting/receptacles and the 20-amp circuits to make up the general load of the house.
The first 10kVA of the general load is rates at 100% demand. The amount of general load remaining
from the 10kVA rates at 40% demand. However, the HVAC system is separate load. According to the
codebook, one must chose the largest value between the heating and air conditioning options. In the
case of the solar decathlon HVAC system, the heating system is the larger consumer of power, therefore
the heating system, and the necessary system components rate at 100% demand. The total demand for
the feeder is 34619.5 VA. Dividing the power demanded by the phase voltage (240 V) of the service
panel gives the feeder size. Most breakers have an 80% load factor so the feeder needs to account for
this load factor. Therefore, the solar decathlon house requires at least a 200-amp service feeder to
efficiently operate (see Appendix). The main feeder is going to be manufactured by Square D, but the
specific model is unknown.
12.2.4 Energy Branch Specifications
When finished, the Interlock house electrical panel should contain more than twenty branch circuits for
lighting, receptacles, appliances, etc. The electrical circuit breakers are Square D brand. Most breakers
have an 80% load factor so the circuit breaker needs to account for this load factor. The branch load
capacity depends on the amp rating of each appliance. The branch size calculation requires taking the
amperage of the appliance and multiplying the amperage by 1.25. The multiplier accounts for the 80%
load factor giving the correct breaker size for the amperage load. Then the wire is sized for an
amperage rating of 1.25 times the size of the amperage rating of the breaker. Rating the wire larger
than the breaker requirements assures line protection. For example, the cook-top had a rating of 40
amps 240 volt. The branch requirement is a 50 amp, double pull, circuit breaker with 6-gauge wire.
The main specifications for choosing appliances, electronics, and components are based on the power
requirements of the object. The Solar Decathlon Project Manager, Timothy Lentz calculated the
approximate daily energy generation of the PV panels on the Interlock house. During the Solar
Decathlon contest, the first part of October, the photovoltaic panels are capable of producing
approximately 32.5 kWs daily. Therefore, when choosing components for the house Team May0914
wanted to keep the total daily energy usage of the components either equal or under the total daily
generation. The most important detail is the amount of power certain components consume.
Researching components with low power consumption provided a base power usage guideline. As
research continued, we found similar products that consumed less power. If an item consumed less
power the product became the new base product. Some components had their own specifications,
which are described below.
12.3 Energy Analysis
12.3.1 Appliance Specifications
The existing solar decathlon team chose the kitchen appliances. The microwave, oven and cook top are
being donated by Whirlpool. Compared to similar models, the Whirlpool brand is quite energy efficient.
The GE dishwasher and VestFrost refrigerator are recommended for low power consumption and small
footprint. The appliances chosen are listed below.
#
Appliance
Model
Power consumed:
Watts
1
Refrigerator
VestFrost #ZZ324M
125
2
Microwave
Whirlpool #GH7208XR
1200
3
Dishwasher
GE #PDW1860NSS
1080
4
Cook-top
Whirlpool #GJC3055R
9600
5
Oven
Whirlpool # GBS309PV
7200
12.3.2 Lighting Specifications
The lighting team of the Solar Decathlon Team chose the lights for the Interlock house. They chose lights
based on aesthetics and power usage. The specifications given to Team May0914 included the name
model number, and energy usage for each lighting fixture in the Interlock house. Overall, there are
seven different types of fixtures incorporated into the Interlock house lighting. Fixtures # 1, 2 and 3 all
have fixed bulbs. Fixtures 4 - 7 can use 5-watt light emitting diode (LED) bulbs or standard 30-Watt
bulbs. During the lighting Solar Decathlon contest, all house lights are on full power for three hours. The
chosen fixtures and bulbs are listed below. The bulbs listed are considered the 100% case as only LED
bulbs are being used in fixtures 4 – 7. In addition, the team also considered a case using only 50% of
LEDs, 50% 30-Watt bulbs in fixtures 4 - 7. Both cases are in the lighting energy calculations in Appendix
A.
#
Fixture
Model #
Bulbs used
Power
Consumed: Watts
1
Modulight Indirect/direct Center Basket
14MID-228CP-CB
T5
56
LED
5
Troffer
2
Danalight LED strip-light
N.A.
3
Hampton Bay
100083578
T9 Circline
54
4
Juno Trapezia
TF130-16-SL
LED
5
5
Juno Mesh and Glass
P63MP-5TN
LED
5
6
Juno Medium Cone
P30MP-5TN-LIM
LED
5
7
Juno Crystal Cube
P92MP-5TN-LLR
LED
5
12.3.3 HVAC Specifications
The existing solar decathlon team chose the HVAC components of the Interlock house. The solar
decathlon team specifications included the power consumption of each component, as well as the
number of each component needed. The HVAC PSpice includes these specifications as well as the
Interlock house approximated total daily energy calculations. The energy calculations are found in
Appendix A.
#
Component
Power consumed: Watts
1
Ventilator
99
2
Evacuated Tubes Pump
20
3
Domestic Heated Water Pump (DHW)
20
4
Cooling Circuit feed Pump
20
5
Domestic Cooled Water Pump (DCW)
157
6
Cooling circuit product Pump
20
7
Warmboard pump
20
8
Tank exchange pump
5
9
Desiccant pump
5
10
Scavenging air stream fan
38.5
11
Chiller
1200
12
2 small fans
13
Tank-less water heater
80
28500
12.3.4 Entertainment Specifications
Team May0914 had the most flexibility in the specifications for the entertainment area. The existing
team chose a TV with 127-Watt power consumption. Team May0914 were able to choose the remaining
electronics. The specifications required the electronics to be low power consumers. The computer
required a separate monitor. The TV required a home theater system to play movies and provide
surround sound stereo. The computer monitor and TV have to be a separate entity. Team May0914
found a Dell Studio Hybrid desktop that has a small profile and low power consumption compared to
similar desktop systems. The desktop has a built in Blu-ray player eliminating the need for a separate
player, thus reducing the overall power consumption of the entertainment area. The surround sound
system is a single unit system with low power consumption, designed for smaller spaces. The electronics
chosen are listed below. Further power calculations are found in Appendix A.
#
Component
Model
Power consumed: Watts
1
TV
37” Sharp LCD, LC-37D40U
2
Surround Sound system
ZVox 425 Single panel system
133
3
Computer
Dell Studio Hybrid W/slot load Blu-ray player
78
4
Computer monitor
Dell 22” LCD, S2209W
177.25
42 max
12.3.5 Miscellaneous Area Specifications
The miscellaneous area consists of a washer/dryer and touch-screen device to run the control system of
the Interlock house. The specifications given included: The washer/dryer unit had to be vent-less and
have a small profile. Team May0914 found a combo unit that washes and dries the clothes in the same
tub. In addition, the small profile allows for placement in the washer/dryer closet in the Interlock house.
The touch-screen had to be large enough to easily display the LONworks control user interface. The
components chose are listed below. Further power calculations are in the Appendix A.
#
Component
Model
Power consumed: Watts
1
Washer/dryer
LG WM3431HW (combo) 2.44 c.u. Ft
1200
2
Touch-screen
ELO touch system S 1939L (E226971)
38 typical, 46 max
12.3.6 Solar Decathlon Contest Specifications
The Solar Decathlon contest consists of eight days of tasks and measurements that occur in the Interlock
house. The measured contests are listed first, followed by the task contests. The total daily energy
calculations found in the Appendix included the refrigerator/freezer running ten minutes per hour each
day. The workstation lighting contest can occur at a time different than the rest of the mandatory
lighting requirements. The workstation lighting contest tests the two Juno Crystal Cube light fixtures
above the workstation. This contest occurs on days 8, 9 and 15
Measured contests
Appliance
Objective
Occurs on contest days
Refrigerator
Keep temp in 34°F to 40°F
range
All
Freezer
Keep temp in -20°F to 5°F
range
All
Work station lighting
Keep work surface @ 50
foot-candles minimum
All
For the task contests, the tank-less water heater can increase the temperature of 2 gal/min of water by
60° F using 17.56 kWs. Therefore, the tank-less water heater runs for seven and a half minutes during
each fifteen-gallon water draw. In addition, the water heater runs for approximately six minutes when
using the dishwasher. Cooking and dining tasks each use approximately four minutes of hot water. The
water heater kW usage equation is shown below the contest table. Washing and drying tasks have a
three time limit, so washing/drying must split the time. The dishwasher is assumed to take an hour and
a half to complete a load. Cooking is not included each day, but an average energy usage is based on
fifteen-minute increments for the microwave and stovetop. The Interlock house lighting uses the 100%
LED case.
Task contests
Component
Objective
Occurs on contest days-# times/day
Tank-less water heater
Deliver 15 gallons of water at 110°F in 10
minutes
Day 8-2, day 9-3, day 10-2, day 11-3,
day 12-2, day 13-3, day 14-2, day
15-3
Washer
Wash 10 loads (1 load = 6 bath towels) of
laundry during contest week
Day 8-1, day 9-2, day 12-2, day 13-1,
day 14-2, day 15-2
Dryer
Return 10 loads of laundry to their original
weight during contest week
Day 8-1, day 9-2, day 12-2, day 13-1,
day 14-2 day 15-2
Dishwasher
Wash five loads (1 load = 6 place settings) of
dishes during contest week
8, 10, 13, 14, 15
Cooking
Vaporize 5 lbs of water in 2 hours 4 times
during contest week
8, 10, 12, 14
House lighting
All interior and exterior lights on full power for
3 hours (7 to 10 p.m.)
8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15
Public Exhibit
Operate TV, computer and other
entertainment devices
All
Home theater
Watch movie on home theater system
11
The following equation is used when calculating the kWhr usage of the water heater.
𝑘𝑊 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
𝐺𝑃𝑀 ∗ 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝
6.83
12.4 Control System
12.4.1 LONworks Controller Specifications
The TAC Xenta 700 series of IP controllers allow the user to choose the web server functionality, the
number of supported I/O units, and the supported protocols for the application. The web server is
customer configurable.
12.4.2 Power Meter Specifications
The PowerLogic Enercept Meter may provide a good option for measuring power at the main feeder.
The Enercept meter, a part of the pioneering PowerLogic® power monitoring system, simplifies
installation, making it much easier to include energy meters throughout an electrical distribution
system. An innovative form factor eliminates the need for a separate meter enclosure and reduces
installation cost by as much as 70%. The meter is inside the CTs, and no external PTs are required.
Enercept meters consist of three interconnected split-core CTs with the metering and communication
electronics built into one of the CT housings. Simply snap on the CTs, connect the voltage inputs and
communication lines, and installation is complete. There are two versions of the Enercept meter—Basic
and Enhanced. They differ only in the amount of metering information provided. The Basic meter
reports power and energy only. The Enhanced version delivers 26 energy parameters, including volts,
amps, power factor, and reactive power. Both versions can connect to three-phase circuits or singlephase circuits.
12.4.3 User Interface Specifications
The user interface specifications are dependent on user preferences. The HVAC system operates under
the user’s preset default climate values. The user has the ability to change climate settings or how they
want to view the power analysis. For example, a 19” touch screen monitor allows the user to see
different views of the energy analysis or HVAC information by scrolling through different system menus.
In addition, the user has the option to change or view the controller details remotely using a web
browser.
12.4.4 Software Specifications
XBuilder Tool is the program used to program the TAC Xenta 700 series controllers. The XBuilder Tool
includes many Ready-Made Web pages to use as models. The XBuilder Tool also includes a graphical
programming tool called TAC Menta. Both of these tools are used to configure the controller set up.
Furthermore, programming is required to interface the touch screen with the web browser protocol.
12.4.5 Smart-house Design and Controller Implementation
This picture gives a little bit of an overview of what a model system could look like. The
controller takes input from all the sensors and uses it to make decisions for operation of the house. The
idea behind a smart house is that every watt of energy we conserve gives more points for the Solar
Decathlon team in the contest. The house can be made smart to save every bit of energy possible. The
controller would combine sensor data with user inputs as well as internal logic to make decisions. For
example, if the average house temperature is sitting at 73°F, the controller can turn it off, because for
maximum contest points, the house has to be between 72°F -76°F. The controller can make similar
decisions for the humidity. There are also some things that you would program the controller to never
turn off, such as the oven or tankless hot water heater. There can be a timer, where after a certain
time, any pre-specified lights still on in the house would be turned off. There can also be decision
making in the controller about if the television or computer has been on for a certain amount of time
without being touched or changed to turn them off. There would obviously be manual overrides for any
of these functions.
The mock up control system we built will help jump start the summer’s team as well as
display some of the available functionality. We built a demo that included a temperature sensor,
humidity sensor, and a power meter. We had a laptop and hair dryer plugged into an extension cord
which had a CT around it to give data to the power meter which calculated power usage. The program
took a measurement from each sensor every minute. There was a log created. Here is one of the
graphs that I created using the log data from the controller:
Temperature (degrees F)
Temperature
84
82
80
78
76
74
72
70
68
66
1 15 29 43 57 71 85 99 113 127 141 155 169 183 197 211 225 239 253 267 281
Number of Samples
This is the temperature of the room. There are spikes at the beginning, because I aimed a hair
dryer at the sensor, so there would be a spike in the graph.
12.4.6
Thin-Film Photovoltaic Cell Testing
12.4.7 Open Circuit Voltage and Short Circuit Current
To start off with measuring the cell we started by measuring the open circuit voltage and short
circuit current.
Procedure
1. To measure we will need to find the contacts of the cell.
2. To measure we will run the system under a light to measure it. In our experiment we have a properly
placed light to simulate the light that would come from one sun. Shown in Figure 1 is the setup we
used for our measurements.
Figure 1: 1 Sun Setup
3. To measure the Open Circuit Voltage we will measure the voltage across the terminals.
4. To measure the Short Circuit Current we will short the terminals with a current meter to find the value.
Data
We measure two thin film samples using this set up. The software integrated with the setup takes
collects the data and outputs the following information in Table 1 and 2.
Voc (V)
Vmaxp (V)
Isc (mA)
FF
Rseries (ohms)
Rshunt (ohms)
1.68
11
39.742
135
7.67E+06
3.39E+05
Table 1: Strip of Cells
Voc (V)
Vmaxp (V)
Isc (mA)
FF
Rseries (ohms)
Rshunt (ohms)
0.0336
0.0153
2.17
25.9
1.54E+01
28
Table 2: Single Cell
Looking at the results we saw some discrepancies. We noticed the equipment that we were using was
set to a max current of 10mA which could have caused some change in the results. When conferring
with some colleagues we found out the cell could be shorted. We also found out that the modules
could have been defective when they were sent to use for use as more of size than functional modules.
12.4.8 Temperature vs. Current
Our Client wanted to get the results of how they module will perform in different temperatures to
develop the proper wiring. To measure this we decided we needed to isolate the cell from the light and
would need an accurate idea of what the temperature of the cell was. We heated the system to the
highest that it should get to under competition conditions and gathered information as the system
cooled. Our prediction for this system was that the change in temperature vs. change in current would
be low as this is an amorphous silicon module.
Procedure
1. Using the contacts that were used in the above measurement we place the cell on glass plates to
isolate it from the heating plate that will give undesired results.
2. We will connect the terminals to a meter where we measured current. We isolated it from the lights by
placing it in a dark box. Shown is the Setup that our group used to get the temperature vs. current
measurement.
Figure 2: Current Vs. Temperature Measurement
3. You will also need to know the temperature of the cell so we connected a thermometer to measure the
temperature.
4. We will then turn on the heat to bring the cell up to the top temperature for your measurements. Then
as the temperature drops you can take the measurements. Shown are the thermometer and the meter
that our group used.
Analysis
Figure 3: Temperature Vs. Current Meters
When looking at the p-n junction for the thin film solar cells we hold the voltage at a constant and take
current readings as the temperature drops. As temperature drops the current will also fall based on
equation 1.
I = Io(eqV/kT – 1)
(1)
The table below shows data gathered from the temperature vs. current experiment outlined above.
Strip of Cells
Single Cell
Temperature
Current
Temperature
Current
57
4.43E-07
57
3.45E-05
55
4.27E-07
55
3.28E-05
53
4.13E-07
53
3.21E-05
51
4.03E-07
51
3.30E-05
49
3.96E-07
49
3.11E-05
47
3.85E-07
47
3.10E-05
45
3.85E-07
45
3.00E-05
43
3.85E-07
43
2.95E-05
41
3.80E-07
41
2.91E-05
39
3.74E-07
39
2.87E-05
37
3.78E-07
37
2.88E-05
35
3.73E-07
35
2.86E-05
33
3.64E-07
33
2.85E-05
31
3.62E-07
31
2.89E-05
29
3.56E-07
29
2.89E-05
27
3.55E-07
27
2.89E-05
26
3.45E-07
25
2.89E-05
Table 3: Temperature and Current Data
The following graphs are of the single cell and strip of cells data in Table 1.
Graph 1: Temperature Vs Current for Strip of Cells
Cell Resistive Properties (Temp Vs Current)
Current (Amps)
5.00E-07
4.00E-07
3.00E-07
2.00E-07
1.00E-07
0.00E+00
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Temperature (Celcius)
Graph 2: Temperature Vs Current for Single Cell
Single Cell Resistive Properties (Temp Vs
Current)
4.00E-05
Current (Amps)
3.50E-05
3.00E-05
2.50E-05
2.00E-05
1.50E-05
1.00E-05
5.00E-06
0.00E+00
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Temperature (Celcius)
12.4.9 Quantum Efficiency
We measured the Quantum Efficiency of the cell to see how it performs under different wavelengths of
light. We measured the relative Quantum Efficiency of the cell using another premeasured cell to
compare it too.
Procedure
1. To measure Quantum efficiency we will apply different wavelengths of light. We will place our cell so
the middle is in the path of the light. This is a picture of the setup that was used in our case.
2. When measuring the cell you will increase the wavelength of the light that is directed unto the cell.
3. Then measure the voltage across the contacts. You will need to get a reference for the measurements
on a cell that is known so you can get the actual Quantum efficiency.
Analysis
The graph below shows the relative QE for the test fixture above, it does not mean these are absolute
efficiencies for this thin film solar cell.
Efficiency
Relative QE
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
Wavelength (nm)
Graph 3: Wavelength Vs Efficiency, Relative QE
850
900
13.0 Solar Interlock House Construction
In order to work on the construction portion of the Solar Interlock House, each individual had to
complete an OSHA 10-hour training workshop. Three members of May0914 design team; Michael
Anderson, Jesse Erickson, and Jamasen Parham attended the OSHA 10-hour training workshop and
participated in the Solar Interlock House construction. The members involved had a designated time for
building each week. Team May0914 members participated in the framing of the Solar Interlock House
along with the installation of the HVAC warm-board. Due to the delayed construction period and other
internal Solar Decathlon committee problems only the framing of the Solar Interlock House is
completed. Team May0914 graduates in May 2009; therefore the progress made by Team May0914
must transition to other members within the Solar Decathlon Team. The implementation of the
electrical system and the control system within the solar house will occur throughout the summer with
help from some hired electricians. The Solar Interlock House is scheduled for completion by Fall 2009.
14.0 Design Documents
14.1 Electronic CAD
14.1.1 Modeling and simulation of house electrical loads
Some of the modeling was done in PSpice. The PSpice diagrams represent electrical loads of the
kitchen, entertainment area, house lighting, HVAC, and miscellaneous area. The amount of power
consumed is calculated by Team May0914 or made available by the manufacturer. The power
information allowed for the calculation of the load impedances. These are referenced in Section A3
Electronic CAD below.
14.1.2 Appliances load circuit layout
The refrigerator, microwave and dishwasher run on a separate 120-Volt AC circuit. The cook-top and
oven run on separate 240-Volt AC circuits. All load circuits are in Appendix A.
14.1.3 Lighting loads circuit layout
120-Volt AC circuits provide power for the lighting for the Interlock house. All the Juno manufactured
fixtures have a built in transformer. The 120-Volt AC input is reduced to a 12 Volt AC output to supply
the LED bulbs. This load circuit case is shown in Appendix A.
14.1.4 HVAC loads circuit layout
All the HVAC components with the exception of the supplemental heater run on 120 Volt AC circuits.
The HVAC circuits are under development.
14.1.5 Entertainment loads circuit layout
All the components of the entertainment area run on a 120 Volt AC circuit. This is shown in the
entertainment load circuit in Appendix A
14.1.6 Miscellaneous loads circuit layout
All the components of the miscellaneous area, which include the washer/dryer combo and touchscreen, run on 120 Volt AC circuits. The water heater runs on a 240 Volt Alternating Current circuit. The
circuits for the loads are shown in Appendix A.
15.0 Team Breakdown/Objectives
The Solar Decathlon project team divides into lead positions as follows:






Market/Finance Analyst: Michael Anderson
Solar Decathlon Coordinator: Matthew Bray
Lead Test Analyst: Jesse Erickson
Communications Coordinator: Louis Landphair
Team Leader: Shawn Merselis
Lead Designer: Jamasen Parham
Each member holds responsibility for their lead position and assisting with every step of the project until
completion. We remain efficient and accurate by strategizing and dividing the workload.
We meet on a weekly basis every Wednesday 5:00 PM in Durham 114 to discuss upcoming deadlines
and project direction, to prepare for presentations, and to learn about each other. Announcing and
scheduling of additional meetings occurs when needed.
With this information, we seek authorization to proceed with the Solar Decathlon schedule. We
encourage input and suggestions relating to project design and construction techniques. Please contact
the team at may0914@iastate.edu or any of the team members listed below with questions or
comments.
Mike Anderson
Matt Bray
Jesse Erickson
mander@iastate.edu
bray@iastate.edu
jericks@iastate.edu
Shawn Merselis
Louis Landphair
Jamasen Parham
aoskar@iastate.edu
louiell@iastate.edu
jparham@iastate.edu
DISCLAIMER: This document was developed as part of the requirements of an electrical and computer
engineering course at Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. The document does not constitute a
professional engineering design or a professional land-surveying document. Although the information is
intended to be accurate, the associated students, faculty, and Iowa State University make no claims,
promises, or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, quality, or adequacy of the information.
Document users shall ensure that any such use does not violate any laws with regard to professional
licensing and certification requirements. Such use includes any work resulting from this studentprepared document that is required to be under the responsible charge of a licensed engineer or
surveyor. The students who produced the document and the associated faculty advisors copyright this
document. No part may be reproduced without the written permission of the senior design course
coordinator.
Appendix A
A.1 The contest energy analysis
A.1.1 Contest Days 8 & 9
Approximation of Interlock house energy
Power used in Watts
kWhrs
Hours run
Minutes Run
Total power in kiloWatthrs
Cooking running 15 minutes at a time: microwave
1200
1.2
0
15
0.3
Cooking running 15 minutes at a time: stovetop
9600
9.6
0
15
2.4
dishwasher: normal cycle, assuming 1.5 hours
550
0.55
1
30
0.825
Clotheswasher
1200
1.2
1
30
1.8
Clothesdryer
1200
1.2
1
30
1.8
Refrigerator
125
0.125
0
360
0.75
House lighting
750
0.7465
3
0
2.2395
Workstation lighting
10
0.01
0
0
0
Public Exhibit
430.25
0.43025
4
30
1.936125
Hot water
28520
28.52
0
40
19.01333333
Cooling system
1200
1.2
0
240
4.8
40
0.04
18
0
0.72
w/o vaporizing task included →
33.88395833
used for competitions
Day 8
Touchscreen
total
Day 9
Hot water
28520
28.52
0
45
21.39
Refrigerator
125
0.125
0
360
0.75
Workstation lighting
10
0.01
4
0
0.04
430.25
0.43025
3
30
1.505875
Clothes Washer
1200
1.2
3
0
3.6
Clothes Dryer
1200
1.2
3
0
3.6
Cooling system
1200
1.2
0
240
4.8
40
0.04
18
0
0.72
w/o dining task included →
35.685875
Public exhibit
Touchscreen
total
A.1.2 Contest Days 10 & 11
Day 10
Power used in Watts
kWhrs Hours run
Minutes Run
Total power in kiloWatthrs
Public exhibit
430.25
0.43025
7
0
3.01175
Refrigerator
125
0.125
0
360
0.75
28520
28.52
0
45
21.39
Workstation lighting
10
0.01
0
0
0
Dishwasher
550
0.55
1
30
0.825
House lighting
750
0.75
3
0
2.25
Cooling system
1200
1.2
0
240
4.8
40
0.04
18
0
0.72
w/o vaporizing task included →
33.74675
Hot water
Touchscreen
total
Day 11
Public exhibit
430.25
0.43025
7
0
3.01175
Refrigerator
125
0.125
0
360
0.75
Workstation lighting
10
0.01
0
0
0
Hot Water
28520
28.52
0
30
14.26
Home theater
430.25
0.43025
2
0
0.8605
Cooling system
1200
1.2
0
240
4.8
40
0.04
18
0
0.72
touchscreen
total
24.40225
A.1.3 Contest Days 12 & 13
Day 12
Power used in Watts
kWhrs
Hours run
Minutes Run
Total power in kiloWatthrs
28520
28.52
0
40
19.01333333
Refrigerator
125
0.125
0
360
0.75
Public Exhibit
430.25
0.43025
3
30
1.505875
Clothes Washer
1200
1.2
3
0
3.6
House lighting
750
0.7465
3
0
2.2395
Workstation lighting
10
0.01
0
0
0
1200
1.2
0
240
4.8
touchscreen
40
0.04
18
0
0.72
Clothes Dryer
1200
1.2
3
0
3.6
Hot water
Cooling system
total
w/o dining or vaporizing task included →
36.22870833
Day 13
Clothes Washer
1200
1.2
1
30
1.8
Refrigerator
125
0.125
0
360
0.75
Clothes Dryer
1200
1.2
1
30
1.8
Hot Water
28520
28.52
0
55
26.14333333
Public Exhibit
430.25
0.43025
3
30
1.505875
Workstation lighting
10
0.01
0
0
0
Dishwasher
550
0.55
1
30
0.825
House lighting
750
0.75
3
0
2.25
Cooling system
1200
1.2
0
240
4.8
40
0.04
18
0
0.72
touchscreen
total
40.59420833
A.1.4 Contest Days 14 & 15
Day 14
Power used in Watts
kWhrs
Hours run
Minutes Run
Total power in kiloWatthrs
Clothes Washer
1200
1.2
3
0
3.6
Clothes Dryer
1200
1.2
3
0
3.6
Refrigerator
125
0.125
0
360
0.75
Hot Water
28520
28.52
0
50
23.76666667
Dishwasher
550
0.55
1
30
0.825
Workstation lighting
10
0.01
0
0
0
Public Exhibit
430.25
0.43025
5
0
2.15125
House lighting
750
0.75
3
0
2.25
Cooling system
1200
1.2
0
240
4.8
40
0.04
18
0
0.72
w/o vaporizing task included →
42.46291667
55
26.14333333
touchscreen
total
Day 15
Hot water
28520
28.52
0
Public exhibit
430.25
0.43025
3
30
1.505875
Refrigerator
125
0.125
0
360
0.75
Clothes Washer
1200
1.2
3
0
3.6
Clothes Dryer
1200
1.2
3
0
3.6
Dishwasher
550
0.55
1
30
0.825
Workstation lighting
10
0.01
2
0
0.02
House lighting
750
0.75
3
0
2.25
Cooling system
1200
1.2
0
240
4.8
40
0.04
18
0
0.72
touchscreen
total
for the hot water draw, dishwasher or washing machine task, I included a max of 10 minutes for each of using the tankless water heater.
for for cooking and dining tasks, I didn't know how long the appliances would need to run to complete those.
Therefore atop I have energy usage based on running the stovetop and microwave for 15 minutes.
if the workstation lighting contest was held at 5 p.m. or later, I included that task time in the calculations, if it was held 5 p.m.,
I didn't include the lights being on as the light from the sun should be enough to keep the worksuface bright enough.
44.21420833
A.2 Household Components Energy Usage Calculations
A.2.1 Appliances Energy Usage Calculation
kitchen loads energy usage:
Power consumed: kWhrs used
Watts
Amperage drawn:
Load impedance in Ohms Voltage needed
Amps
VestFrost refrigerator #ZZ324M
124.8
0.1248
1.04
115.38
120
Whirlpool microwave #GH7208XR
1800
1.8
15
8
120
GE dishwasher #PDW1860NSS
549.6
0.5496
4.58
26
120
Whirlpool cooktop #GJC3055R
9600
9.6
40
6
240
Whirlpool oven #GBS309PV
7200
7.2
30
8
240
If refrigerator runs for 24 hrs
124.8
2995.2
same Amps as above
same load as above
120
If refrigerator runs 10 minutes/hour for 24 hrs
124.8
0.4992
same Amps as above
same load as above
120
if microwave is run for 1 hr
1800
1.8
same Amps as above
same load as above
120
if microwave is run for 15 minutes/hour for 12 hrs
1800
10.8
same Amps as above
same load as above
120
if dishwasher is run for 2 hrs
549.6
1.0992
same Amps as above
same load as above
120
if cooktop is run for 1 hr
9600
9.6
same Amps as above
same load as above
240
if cooktop is run for 15 minutes/hour for 12 hrs
9600
57.6
same Amps as above
same load as above
240
if cooktop is run for 2 hrs
9600
19.2
same Amps as above
same load as above
240
if oven is run for 2 hrs
7200
14.4
same Amps as above
same load as above
240
A.2.2 Lighting Energy Usage Calculation
lighting loads energy usage:
Power used in Watts How many Hours run Minutes Run Total power in KiloWatthrs
Modulight Indirect/direct Center Basket Troffer with T5 bulbs
56
11
3
0
1.848
Danalight LED striplight
5
1
3
0
0.015
Juno Trapezia with LED bulbs
5
8
3
0
0.12
Hampton Bay with T9 Circline bulbs
54
1
3
0
0.162
Juno Mesh and Glass with LED bulbs
5
2
3
0
0.03
Juno Medium Cone with LED bulbs
5
3
3
0
0.045
Juno Crystal Cube with LED bulbs
5
2
3
0
0.03
Totals using 16 LEDs out of 16 possible LED bulbs
750
2.25
Modulight Indirect/direct Center Basket Troffer with T5 bulbs
56
11
3
0
1.848
Danalight LED striplight
5
1
3
0
0.015
Juno Trapezia with LED bulbs
5
8
3
0
0.12
Hampton Bay with T9 Circline bulbs
54
1
3
0
0.162
Juno Mesh and Glass with JC bulbs
30
2
3
0
0.18
Juno Medium Cone with JC bulbs
30
3
3
0
0.27
Juno Crystal Cube with JC bulbs
30
2
3
0
0.18
Totals using 8 LEDs out of 16 possible LED bulbs
925
2.775
KiloWatthrs used per hour per fixture
KiloWatthrs used per hour including total fixtures
Amperage drawn in Amps
load impedance in Ohms Voltage
0.056
0.616
0.466666667
257.1428571
120
0.005
0.005
0.041666667
2880
120
0.005
0.04
0.416666667
28.8
12
0.054
0.054
0.45
266.6666667
120
0.005
0.01
0.416666667
28.8
12
0.005
0.015
0.416666667
28.8
12
0.005
0.01
0.416666667
28.8
12
0.135
0.75
0.056
0.616
0.466666667
257.1428571
120
0.005
0.005
0.041666667
2880
120
0.005
0.04
0.416666667
28.8
12
0.054
0.054
0.45
266.6666667
120
0.03
0.06
2.5
4.8
12
0.03
0.09
2.5
4.8
12
0.03
0.06
2.5
4.8
12
0.21
0.925
2.3 HVAC Energy Usage Calculations
Power used in Watts
KiloWatthrs used per hour
Amperage drawn in Amps
load impedance in Ohms
Ventilator
99
0.099
0.83
145.45
Evacuated Tubes Pump
20
0.02
0.17
720.00
Domestic Heated Water Pump(DHW)
20
0.02
0.17
720.00
Cooling Circuit feed Pump
20
0.02
0.17
720.00
Domestic Cooled Water Pump(DCW)
157
0.157
1.31
91.72
Cooling circuit product Pump
20
0.02
0.17
720.00
Warmboard pump
20
0.02
0.17
720.00
Tank exchange pump
5
0.005
0.04
2880.00
Desiccant pump
5
0.005
0.04
2880.00
Scavenging air stream fan
38.5
0.0385
0.32
374.03
Chiller
1110
1.11
9.25
12.97
80
0.08
0.67
180.00
28500
28.5
118.75
2.02
Total of HVAC components for cold season
364.5
0.3645
3.04
8531.20
Total of HVAC components for warm season
1494.5
1.4945
12.45
9264.17
HVAC Loads energy usage:
HVAC components
2 small fans
Tankless water heater
If the HVAC is on for a 24 hour period during cold season
364.5
8.748
3.04
same load as total while running
If the HVAC is on for a 24 hour period during warm season
1494.5
35.868
12.45
same load as total while running
If the HVAC is on for a 12 hour period during cold season
364.5
4.374
3.04
same load as total while running
If the HVAC is on for a 12 hour period during warm season
1494.5
17.934
12.45
same load as total while running
If the HVAC is on for a 6 hour period during cold season
364.5
2.187
3.04
same load as total while running
If the HVAC is on for a 6 hour period during warm season
1494.5
8.967
12.45
same load as total while running
2.4 electronics energy usage calculations
entertainment Loads energy usage:
Power used in Watts
KiloWatt/hrs used
Amperage drawn in Amps
load impedance in Ohms
177.25
0.177
1.478
81.2
Zvox 425 single panel system
133
0.133
1.108
108.27
Dell Studio Hybrid W/slot load Blue-ray player
78
0.078
0.65
184.6
Dell 22" LCD monitor S2209W
42
0.042
0.35
343
Total if all electronics are on
430.25
0.43
3.236
37.08
If on for 2 hours
430.25
0.86
same as above when running
same as above when running
If on for 4 hours
430.25
1.72
same as above when running
same as above when running
If on for 6 hours
430.25
2.58
same as above when running
same as above when running
If on for 8 hours
430.25
3.44
same as above when running
same as above when running
If TV & speakers only on
310.25
0.31
same as above when running
same as above when running
If TV & speakers only on for 2 hrs
310.25
0.62
same as above when running
same as above when running
If TV & speakers only on for 4 hrs
310.25
1.24
same as above when running
same as above when running
If TV & speakers only on for 6 hrs
310.25
1.86
same as above when running
same as above when running
If TV & speakers only on for 8 hrs
310.25
2.48
same as above when running
same as above when running
if computer and monitor are on
120
0.12
same as above when running
same as above when running
if computer and monitor are on for 2 hours
120
0.24
same as above when running
same as above when running
if computer and monitor are on for 4 hours
120
0.48
same as above when running
same as above when running
if computer and monitor are on for 6 hours
120
0.72
same as above when running
same as above when running
if computer and monitor are on for 8 hours
120
0.96
same as above when running
same as above when running
37" Sharp LCD TV
A.2.5 Miscellaneous Components Energy Usage Calculations
miscellaneous loads energy usage:
Power consumed kWhrs used
Amperage drawn
Load impedance in Ohms
Haier HWD1000(combo) 1.7 cu ft
LG WM3431HW(combo) 2.44 c.u. ft
Whirlpool LHW0050P(washer) 2.4 cu ft compact size
Whirlpool LEW0050P(dryer) 3.8 cu ft compact size
1800
1200
1800
7200
1.8
1.2
1.8
7.2
15
10
15
30
8
12
8
8
If Haier combo is being ran for 2 hours(wash/dry)
If LG combo is being ran for 2 hours(wash/dry)
Whirlpool washer in wash cycle
Whirlpool dryer in dry cycle
Total Whirlpool wash and dry cycles
3600
2400
1800
7200
9000
3.6
2.4
1.8
7.2
9
15
10
15
30
45
8
12
8
8
8
if doing 2 loads in a day with WP dryer
if doing 2 loads in a day with WP washer
total for WP for 2 loads in a day
if doing 2 loads in a day with LG
if doing 2 loads in a day with Haier
14400
3600
18000
4800
7200
14.4
3.6
18
4.8
7.2
same Amps as above while running
same Amps as above while running
same Amps as above while running
same Amps as above while running
same Amps as above while running
same load as above while running
same load as above while running
same load as above while running
same load as above while running
same load as above while running
Touch-screen
if running 18 hours per day
42
756
0.042
0.756
0.3166
0.3166
379
379
A.3 PSpice Schematics
A.3.1 Circuits of Appliance loads
A.3.2 Circuits of Lighting Loads
A.3.3 Circuits of HVAC Loads
A.3.4 Circuits of Entertainment Loads
A.3.5 Circuits of Miscellaneous Loads
A.4 Feeder Calculations
Total General Load
General Lighting and Outlets
3VA/ft^2
20 Amps Branch Circuits in House
1500VA each
Appliances
Refrigerator
Stovetop
Oven
Microwave
Dishwasher
Washer/Dryer
Tankless Waterheater
Total Appliances
Total General Load
HVAC components
Ventilator
Evacuated Tubes Pump
Domestic Heated Water Pump(DHW)
Cooling Circuit feed Pump
Domestic Cooled Water Pump(DCW)
Cooling circuit product Pump
Warmboard pump
Tank exchange pump
Desiccant pump
Scavenging air stream fan
Chiller
Supplemental Heat
Total HVAC Power
Total Heating
Total Cooling
Demand Factor
General Load 10kVA 100% demand
Use Heating system at 100% demand
General Load 40% demand
Total Demand for Feeder Sizing
Feeder Size
Feeder Size to Account for 80% Trip Rating
Recommendation
ft^2
800 sq ft
Power Volt-Amps
2400
Number of branches
6
9000
Amps
1.04
40
30
15
5
10
118.75
Amps
0.825
0.166666667
0.166666667
0.166666667
1.308333333
0.166666667
0.166666667
0.041666667
0.041666667
0.320833333
9.25
130
9600
7200
1200
550
1200
28500
48380
59780
99
20
20
20
157
20
20
5
5
38.5
1110
4500
6014.5
4707.5
1474.5
10000
4707.5
19912
34619.5
144.2479167
180.3098958
200 Amp Feeder
or larger
A.5 Circuit Correction Drawings
A.5.1 Circuits Drawing 1
A.5.2 Circuit Correction Drawing 2
A.5.3 Circuit Correction Drawing 3
A.5.4 Kitchen Circuits
A.5.5 Kitchen Circuits Continued
A.5.6 Bedroom Circuit
A.5.8 Living Room Circuit
A.5.9 Bathroom Circuit
A.5.10 Sunspace Circuit
A.5.11 Mechanical Room Circuit
A.5.12 Washer/Dryer Circuit
A.5.13 Exterior Lights Circuit
A.5.14 Pump Circuit