BSC1005L: Life in its Biological Environment Lab Welcome! Welcome and thank you for enrolling in this course! I think you will enjoy our time together! For some, this may be your first online course. If you are not a computer whiz, don’t worry. You don’t need to be. From a computer standpoint, everything is simple to use and easy to navigate. Please take a few minutes to read the syllabus in its entirety. Exploring all the topics in this syllabus and related links will help you succeed in this course. I am looking forward to working with you and having a great semester! Daudi K. Langat, PhD (Professor) BSC1005L - Biology Laboratory Professor Information Professor: Virtual Office Hours: Virtual Contact Methods Office Location Office Phone: Email: Daudi K. Langat, PhD Thursday, 8:00 – 10:00 pm ET Yahoo Instant Messenger (ID is dlangat@yahoo.com) GoogleChat Virtual 1-415-952-6428 daudi.langat@fscj.edu Instructor Response You can anticipate responses to inquiries and questions within 24 - 48 hours of receipt. Campus Information This online course is offered by the Florida State College at Jacksonville Open Campus. For questions or concerns, please feel free to call the Campus Resource Center (904-997-2628). For technical assistance, please contact the Help Desk at 877-572-8895 or (904) 632-3151 or via http://www.fscj.edu/campus-life/student-computing-resources/. Course Description This course provides students hands-on experience using concepts of biological science that are covered in the lecture course BSC 1005. Learning Outcomes Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to: Demonstrate knowledge of biological principles. Demonstrate knowledge of the scientific method. Communicate scientific ideas through oral or written assignments. Interpret scientific models such as formulas, graphs and tables. Demonstrate problem-solving methods in situations that are encountered outside of the classroom. Demonstrate proper laboratory technique including safety in the use and care of laboratory equipment and materials. Course Information Course Number/Title: BSC1005L: Life in its Biological Environment Lab Reference Number: #429428 Number of Credit Hours: 1 Term/Year/Session/Length: Fall 2015, Session C8 (Oct 19 – Dec 11, 2015) Course prerequisites: BSC1005 Course co-requisites: BSC1005 Page 2 BSC1005L - Biology Laboratory Important Dates Class Begins Monday, October 19, 2015 100% Refund Deadline Monday, October 26, 2015 Non-Attendance Drop Window Tuesday, October 27 – Tuesday, November 3, 2015 Withdraw with “W” Deadline Thursday, November 19, 2015 College Holidays College System Downtime November 11 (Veterans Day), Nov 26 – 29 (Thanksgiving Holiday), Dec 23 – 31 (Winter Break) Please check the Fall 2015 Academic Calendar for specific information on IT systems downtime Course Evaluation Monday, November 30 – Friday, December 11, 2015 Class Ends Friday, December 11, 2015 These dates are critical for this course. Additional critical dates for this course can be found by choosing the appropriate term links in the Academic and Registration Calendars (http://www.fscj.edu/academics/academic-calendar) at the Florida State College at Jacksonville website. Instructional Materials and Equipment If you have not done so already, obtain your textbook and related course materials. Visit your nearest campus bookstore or order online via the student portal, Connections (https://connections.fscj.edu/web/guest/home), or the Follett Online Bookstore (http://www.bkstr.com). Be sure to order using your course and instructor’s name and the six-digit course reference number. Please note that some courses may require a text plus additional software or a publisher Web access code. If purchasing a used text, be sure to check on and obtain all required materials. Page 3 BSC1005L - Biology Laboratory Required Text/Materials The Biology Primer: Life in its Biological Environment 1st edition Author: Jason Walker Publisher: Orion Scientific ISBN: 1-888167-16-5 Lab Materials: You are required to purchase the following lab materials: Order your lab materials early - do NOT delay. This is important! Every effort has been made to find the best pricing for these items; however, it may be beneficial to shop around to find a better price. Item Available from Dialysis tubing (at least 3') Carolina Biological (684212)* $6 Transfer pipets- non-sterile (12-14 pipets @ 3-5mls) Home Science Tools: ( CE_PIPET)* <--you need 2 packs $3 Test tubes (6 small test tubes) Home Science Tools (CE-TTUBESM)* <---you need just one pack $3 250 ml graduated cylinder Home Science Tools (CE-CYPP250)* $4 Plastic syringe (10cc or larger) Home Science Tools (CE-SYRIN60)* – remove any needle! $2 Plastic funnel $1 Home Science Tools (CE-FUNNEL)* Approx. Price Scale or balance (must measure Amazon: Fast Weigh Digital Pocket in grams down to 1 gram) Scale * $10 Any digital Celsius thermometer $15 Amazon: Premier digital thermometer * You will need these things that you can probably find around the house or borrow from a friend: Page 4 BSC1005L - Biology Laboratory sugar apples (2) skittles salt sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) lemon juice grater 4 coffee cups which are roughly the same size small sauce pan clear liquid soap plastic cups (you'll need 8 - 10) measuring spoons leaf material (fresh spinach) timer oven mitt or tongs (to remove test tubes from boiling water) ruler with centimeter markings white drawing paper (printer paper is fine) scissors rubber bands wax pencil or Sharpie marker hole punch You will need access to: digital camera scanner refrigerator with a freezer stove light source (you can use a bare light bulb) Recommended Materials None Online Delivery System This course will be delivered using the Blackboard Learn™ course management system. Blackboard™ Supported Browsers for Blackboard Version 9.1 SP13 View Blackboard’s Supported Browsers and Operating Systems (http://blackboard.force.com/publickbarticleview?id=kAB700000008Oom) to see if your browser and operating system are compatible. Please note the following when reviewing the Blackboard compatibility ratings. Certified: 100% Compatible Compatible: Compatible in most areas, but could have some incompatibility issues Unsupported: Not tested and not recommended Page 5 BSC1005L - Biology Laboratory Technology Requirements Reliable and consistent computer and Internet access is encouraged to successfully participate in and complete online courses. Ensure that your computer meets the minimum system requirements noted below and on the Florida State College at Jacksonville Online Learning site (http://www.fscj.edu/academics/online-learning). Please use the following checklist to determine your computer readiness. You should own or have access to: An email account Computer with high speed access to the Internet Access to College computers when needed Virus-checking software Word-processing software Digital camera and scanner Software and plug-Ins that may include (choose the titles for the free downloads) o Adobe Acrobat Reader (http://get.adobe.com/reader/) o Flash Player (http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/) o Java (http://www.java.com/en/download/manual.jsp) o Shockwave Player (http://get.adobe.com/shockwave/) o VLC (http://www.videolan.org/) It is a good idea to check your computer at the beginning of each course and a couple of times throughout the term to ensure you have all the necessary software and plug-ins to use the Blackboard online system and course features. After logging in to Blackboard, choose the Browser Checker link. Review the results and choose the links to the recommended software. Please note that you will need to turn off your pop-up blocker to use all features of this online course. Accessibility If you require specific accommodations to complete this course, contact the Florida State College at Jacksonville Office of Services for Students with Disabilities (http://www.fscj.edu/admissionsaid/services-for-students-with-disabilities), located at 101 W State St, Room A1020, Jacksonville, FL 32202 with additional offices at Kent, North, and South campuses. You may reach the main OSSD office at (904) 633-8488. Your Course Participation and Assessments Learning Communities Students learn through interactions with each other, with their instructor, and with the course material. A major goal of this course is to encourage you to build learning communities within the course. This course has special forums to aid in building our learning community. We will use the discussion area to meet each other and share our thoughts and concerns. The “Questions for the Professor” discussion forum is used for general questions about course content, navigation, or flow. Please do not ask personal or specific grade-related questions in this forum, send individual communication instead. Page 6 BSC1005L - Biology Laboratory The “Cyber Café” is available to discuss items of interest to you and your classmates. Please remember that in all discussion forums, you must follow all netiquette rules and guidelines. Assigned Work In each module, you have individual activities to complete. Detailed information, instructions, and rubrics for each assignment can be found below and in the module folders of the online classroom. To see all the assignments due in this course, refer to the Calendar of Activities below. Be sure to check the Calendar of Activities carefully for due dates on all assigned work. Some weeks may require completion of more than one module. Original Writing, Style, and Sources Written assignments must adhere to APA style guidelines. Writing style resources are available in the Tools and Resources folder within your Blackboard classroom. Your written assignments should be original writing and include citations as described in the APA style guide. Turnitin® is an online tool that scans written assignments for signs of plagiarism and may be used to screen your assignment submissions. Please go to Turnitin® (http://www.turnitin.com/en_us/products/overview) for information about originality checks and reports, and to What is Plagiarism? (http://www.plagiarism.org/) for plagiarism prevention resources. Wikipedia is a tertiary (condensed) source of information and should not be used as a reference in your assignments and papers. It is, however, a good resource for finding primary and secondary sources that may be acceptable. Discussions (30 points) There is one discussion in this course (Greetings and Introductions) worth 10 points toward your final grade. The Discussion tool will also be used to post and collect data for a scientific experiment in Assignment 1. Posting your individual results is worth 20 points toward your final grade. Page 7 BSC1005L - Biology Laboratory Assignments Pre-and Post-Lab Assignments for Lab Reports (160 points) There are 8 Pre-and Post-Lab Assignments due in this course. Each one is worth 20 points toward your final grade. Prior to performing each lab, you are required to read the lab in the textbook twice. You will then answer several questions about the lab and submit the Pre-Lab assignment prior to performing the lab itself. Your pre-lab will be due by Wed. at 11:59pm of the week. Your instructor will submit feedback to your pre-lab within 24-hours. The feedback from the instructor should help you to perform the laboratory. Once you have completed the lab and before Sunday at 11:59pm of the week, post a response to the pre-lab and your instructor's comments. The purpose of this activity is to reflect on the work from the lab. Some questions that you can think about answering in the post-lab are, What questions did performing the lab answer? Did the data support the hypothesis? If the data did not support the hypothesis, what are some potential reasons for this? The post-lab is meant to be a reflection of your work during the week on the laboratory. Please include 4-5 statements minimum. Lab Reports (810 points) There are 18 Lab Reports worth 45 points each in this course. Lab reports fall into 2 categories, scan and submit and formal lab report. Scan and submit-type lab reports are those that utilize the pages of your lab manual. You fill in all the information for the required lab and then use a scanner (or clear, in-focus digital image) to submit your assignment. Only .doc, .docx, .pdf, or .jpeg files are allowed for this type of lab report. Your grade is determined by dividing the number of boxes (each box representing a question) within your lab manual entry that were correct by the total number of boxes within the lab and multiplying by 45 to determine the points you have earned. Please only submit neat work. If your instructor cannot read your entry to grade, this will result in 0 points earned for this assignment. Formal lab reports are those in which you will utilize information gathered from the lab experiment to create a document (.doc, .docx, or .pdf) that will include: a title purpose section hypothesis section methods and materials section results section conclusions section . You will be given detailed instructions as to how to produce this document. Formal lab reports labs will be graded using the Formal Lab Report Rubric included in the Rubrics section below and in the Blackboard classroom. Page 8 BSC1005L - Biology Laboratory Please note that when you compose a formal lab report (rather than scan and submit) you must submit your formal lab reports to Turnitin©, attach the originality report to your lab report, and include a picture in the results section that shows the last step of the experiment and a signed and dated piece of paper to receive points for the work. If you fail to do all three of these things, then your will receive a zero for your work. Course Grade Your final letter grade will be determined by totaling the points earned on all graded coursework. ASSIGNED WORK POINTS GRADE POINTS Discussions (1 @10 points; 1@20 points) 30 A 900-1000 Pre-and Post-Lab Assignments (8 @20 points) 160 B 800-899 Lab Reports (18 @ 45 points) 810 C 700-799 Total Points 1000 D 600-699 F 0-599 FN Grade – Failure for Non-Attendance A Failure for Non-Attendance (FN) grade indicates that a student has failed a course due to nonattendance. It is calculated as an “F” in the student’s grade point average. For students receiving financial aid, failure for non-attendance may require the student to refund to the College all or part of the aid received. The faculty member will assign the FN grade at any time following the final withdrawal date for the course. For additional information, please review the grading system and policies in the College catalog. I Grade - Incomplete Incomplete (I) grades may be awarded based on the criteria in the College catalog. Repeating the Course You may repeat a course in an attempt to improve a grade previously earned. However, you are limited in your attempts to courses where a “D,” “F,” or “FN” grade was earned. You have only three total attempts in any course, including the original grade, repeat grades, and withdrawals. Upon the third attempt in a course, you must be given an “A,” “B,” “C,” “D,” or “F”. When you repeat a course at Florida State College, only the last grade earned is calculated in your cumulative grade point average (GPA). If you have an excessive number of “W” or “FN” grades and repeat courses to improve your GPA, you may jeopardize your admission to programs in the Florida State University System (SUS) or other institutions. Page 9 BSC1005L - Biology Laboratory Calendar of Activities The Calendar of Activities is a summary of the lessons and course activities for each module. See each specific Module page for directions on how to complete each assignment. Dates Module / Topic Readings & Resources Assignments & Activities Student Contract Week 1 Points Possible Required Greetings & Introductions Discussion 10 19 - 25 Assignment 1: Scientific Method Data Collection 20 Week 2 Pre-and Post-Lab Assignment: Lab Reports 1 and 2 20 Oct Oct 26 Module 1: Scientific Method Module 2: Chemistry - Read: Lab 1: The Scientific Method Read: The Scientific Method Lab; Introduction to Biochemistry Nov 1 Week 3 Module 3: Macromolecul es Read: Watch video lab demonstrations Nov 2-8 Module 4: Cells and Cellular Structure Week 4 Nov 9 - 15 Module 5: Osmosis Read: The Cell lab Lab Report 1: Introduction to the Scientific Method Lab Report 2: Introduction to Biochemistry (Exercises A and B only) Pre-and Post-Lab Assignment for Lab Report 3 Lab Report 3: Macromolecules Pre-and Post-Lab Assignment for Lab Report 4 Lab Report 4: The Cell Read: The Cell Membrane and Diffusion Pre-and Post-Lab Assignment for Lab Report 5 and 6 Lab Report 5: The Cell Membrane and Diffusion Lab Report 6: Osmosis Experiment Due Date Oct 25 45 Nov 1 45 20 45 Nov 8 20 45 20 45 Nov 15 45 Page 10 BSC1005L - Biology Laboratory Week 5 Module 6: Photosynthesis Nov Read: The Chloroplast and Photosynthesis lab 16 - 22 Week 6 Module 7: Enzymes Read: Enzymes lab Lab Report 9: Enzymes Nov 23 - 29 Module 8: The Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis Read: The Cell Cycle and Meiosis lab Nov 26 - 29 Week 7 Module 9: Genetics Read: Mendelian Genetics; Beyond Mendel Module 10: Evolution and Taxonomy Read: Evidence of Evolution lab; Taxonomy and Classification lab and Diversity of Life Lab Nov 30 – Dec 6 Week 8 Dec Pre-and Post-Lab Assignment for Lab Reports 7 and 8 Lab Report 7: The Chloroplast and Photosynthesis Lab Report 8: Testing Photosynthesis Pre-and Post-Lab Assignment for Lab Report 9 Module 11: Ecology 7 - 11 Total Points Possible Read: Plant Community Ecology lab; Global Climate & Terrestrial Biomes 20 45 45 20 45 Pre-and Post-Lab 20 Assignment for Lab Report 10 Lab Report 10: The Cell 45 Cycle and Meiosis THANKSGIVING HOLIDAY BREAK Lab Report 11: Mendelian Genetics Lab Report 12: Beyond Mendel Lab Report 13: Evidence of Evolution Lab Report 14: Taxonomy and Classification Lab Report 15: Diversity of Multicellular Life Pre-and Post-Lab Assignment for Lab Report 16 and 17 Lab Report 16: Plant Community Ecology Lab Report 17: Global Climate & Terrestrial Biomes Lab Report 18: Resubmit Nov 22 Nov 29 45 45 45 Dec 6 45 45 20 45 Dec 11 45 45 1000 Special Note: The instructor reserves the right to modify this syllabus. You will be notified of any changes. Page 11 BSC1005L - Biology Laboratory Course Guidelines/Policies Academic Dishonesty Policy Academic dishonesty, in any form, has severe consequences. Please review the Student Rights and Responsibilities (http://catalog.fscj.edu/content.php?catoid=31&navoid=3998#conduct) section of the College catalog. Attendance Policy Attendance is measured in this course by your weekly access to the online content and timely completion of required course activities. If you fail to sufficiently participate in the online course prior to the official refund deadline, you can be dropped for non-attendance. If the official withdrawal date has passed and you fail to sufficiently progress in the online course, you can be awarded a Failure for Non-Attendance (FN) grade. Late/Make Up Work Policy Lateness in completing assignments is strongly discouraged; all assignments must be completed on time. The “Week” runs from Monday morning (12:01 am) to Sunday night (11:59 pm ET). You must complete and submit all the work due by the end of each week. Late assignments and/or makeup work may be accepted under special circumstances. If you miss any assignments due to unavoidable or unexpected occurrences, please contact the instructor as soon as possible. Expectations of Student Conduct The College’s Expectations of Student Conduct (http://catalog.fscj.edu/content.php?catoid=31&navoid=3998#conduct) extends to the online classroom. It is expected that each of you use appropriate, professional language and respect when addressing classmates, as well as your instructor, in any part of the online classroom. That same level of professional conduct should extend to all assignments submitted. It is expected that you will not make insulting or inflammatory statements to other members of the class. Read the comments of other classmates thoroughly before entering your remarks and responses. Be positive, thoughtful, and constructive in your comments and responses. Recommendations for Success in this Course Have a place where you can study and set aside an appropriate amount of time to do it. Generally, a 3-credit hour course requires a minimum of 12 hours of self-study time each week in addition to the time spent completing assignments. Practice and repetition are the best way to ensure your mastery of the material. Communicate with your instructor to ask any important questions and to discuss important concepts. Complete all reading assignments and view and review all chapter resources. Complete and review all online course activities. Page 12 BSC1005L - Biology Laboratory Carefully read each lab TWICE before beginning. Highlight or underline key points to remember while you are performing the labs. College Resources Florida State College at Jacksonville offers many resources to help you become successful in your course and academic career. A brief description of some of these resources follows and others are noted in the Tools and Resources folder of the Blackboard classroom. Academic Advising Counselors and advisors are available to assist students with the achievement of their academic goals. Academic advising is available to help students identify appropriate courses, select majors, select transfer institutions and assist with academic problems. Students are encouraged to seek advising on a regular basis in order to achieve their educational objectives. Appointments may be scheduled through the Counseling and Advising Office (http://www.fscj.edu/admissionsaid/counseling-advising). However, students should know that appointment times will be severely impacted during peak registration periods. For more information, visit the Florida State College at Jacksonville Advising page (http://www.fscj.edu/admissions-aid/counseling-advising/advising/). Technical Helpdesk If you have any problems with Blackboard, viewing online content, email or Connections, visit the Florida State College at Jacksonville Help Desk (http://www.fscj.edu/campus-life/student-computingresources). There you can contact the technical support team directly via live chat or visit the SelfHelp Portal (http://helpdesk.fscj.edu/content/default.aspx). Campus support phone numbers are also included on this page. Please remember that answers to questions about your course materials, tests, quizzes, or assignments can only be provided by your instructor. Library and Learning Commons The Library/Learning Commons (LLC) (http://www.fscj.edu/campus-life/library-learning-commons) is an instructional area of the College designed to offer a variety of teaching, learning and research resources to students enrolled in courses at Florida State College at Jacksonville. LLC services include individual and small group tutoring; traditional and virtual library services and materials; subjectspecific instruction including orientations; free workshops; study areas; and access to tutorials, computers, and multimedia technology. Tutorials/Online Demonstrations To view demonstrations of common Blackboard and computer activities, go to On Demand Learning Center for Students (http://ondemand.blackboard.com/students.htm). The Next Step I hope you have found this syllabus useful. Your next step is to become familiar with the Blackboard classroom and begin the assignments for Module One. See you in the online course! Page 13 BSC1005L - Biology Laboratory Rubrics Formal Lab Report Rubric Criteria Exemplary Levels of Achievement Developing Novice Meets Expectations Title 12 Points 11 Points The title The title describes what describes what the reader is the reader is about to read about to read in a way that is but may be clear and missing an concise. element of the paper or is not complete. Purpose 6 Points 5.5 Points The Purpose The Purpose section is titled section is properly and is properly titled, clear, concise, but does not and complete. state the purpose of the work in a clear, concise, and complete way Hypothesis 6 Points 5.5 Points The Hypothesis The Hypothesis section is section is logically logically written written. Sound in an “If… the” reasoning is statement. provided to Adequate support the reasoning is hypothesis provided by the statement. The author to statement is support their clear, specific, hypothesis and correct for statement. The the experiment hypothesis is discussed within specific to the the paper. experiment discussed within the paper. Not Acceptable 10 Points 8.5 Points 0 Points The title gives The title is not There is not a the reader a easy to title present. general idea as understand and to what they are does not about to read contain but is not information as to specific. what the reader is about to read in the work. 5 Points 4.25 Points 0 Points The Purpose The Purpose The Purpose section is titled statement is not section is properly, but the titled properly missing. purpose given is and/or is difficult not accurate for to understand. the work. 5 Points The Hypothesis section is written logically. However, there is no reasoning provided to support the hypothesis statement. The hypothesis is somewhat specific to the experiment discussed within the paper. 4.25 Points The Hypothesis section is not written logically. No reasoning is provided to support the hypothesis statement. The hypothesis is not specific to the experiment discussed within the paper. 0 Points The Hypothesis section is missing from the work. Page 14 BSC1005L - Biology Laboratory Materials and Methods Results 12 Points 11 Points 10 Points 8.5 Points 0 Points The Materials The Materials The Materials The Materials The Materials and Methods and Methods and Methods and Methods and Methods section section contains section contains section is section is contains a most of the most of the difficult to read missing. comprehensive information information and understand. explanation of concerning how concerning how The amounts of how the the experiment the experiment substances are experiment was was performed was performed not included, performed in a and the and the the order of the way that can materials used materials used, methods is not be replicated but is not but there are easy to follow or perfectly by the complete in more than a few correct, and/or reader. This some way. In critical items there are major section other words, if missing for gaps in the contains exact the reader tried repetition of the information quantities of to reproduce work. This may provided to the materials used this experiment mean that the reader. With this and all they would be methods are not information, the pertinent missing one or described in reader would information to two critical items proper order not be able to replicate the for success. This and/or are reproduce the experiment. section contains missing more experiment The materials the materials than a few described in the and methods and methods critical pieces of work. This score section is ONLY and does information. This will also be written in past not contain any section contains provided to tense and in inappropriate the materials those that third person. information like and methods include This section the results. ONLY and does inappropriate contains the not contain any items in the materials and inappropriate materials and methods ONLY information like methods section and does not the results. for example the contain any results of the inappropriate experiment. information like the results. 12 Points 11 Points 10 Points 8.5 Points 0 Points The data are The data are The data are The data are The results clearly clearly provided clearly provided not clearly section is missing provided in a in a typed table, in a typed table, provided in a or the author typed table, graph, chart, or graph, chart, or typed table, has not included graph, chart, or figure. figure. There are graph, chart, or a picture of the figure. Formatting and issues with figure. There are last step of the Whichever of labeling is formatting issues with experiment with the above acceptable but and/or formatting their name items is picked not perfect. The labeling. The and/or printed, signed, Page 15 BSC1005L - Biology Laboratory to display the data is clearly labeled with a title and brief explanation of what the table, figure, etc. contains. Units are included in the results section when applicable. The author has included a picture of the last step of the experiment with their name printed, signed, and dated added to a paper in the picture. Also, this section contains only appropriate information. For example, an interpretation of the results is not given, since this information is provided in the conclusion section. Conclusion 12 Points The Conclusion section is complete and includes the following: The conclusions are clearly and concisely stated for each aspect of the experiment performed. There is a author has included a picture of the last step of the experiment with their name printed, signed, and a date added to a paper in the picture. This section contains only appropriate information. For example, an interpretation of the results is not given, since this information is provided in the conclusion section. author has labeling. The included a author has picture of the included a last step of the picture of the experiment with last step of the their name experiment with printed, signed, their name and a date printed, signed, added to a and a date paper in the added to a picture. Also, this paper in the section contains picture. This only score will also appropriate be given to information. For papers in which example, an the interpretation of interpretation of the results is not the results is given, since this given in this information is section, since provided in the that is not conclusion appropriate in section. this section. and a date added to a paper in the picture. 11 points The Conclusion section is mostly complete and contains the answers to most of the questions in the “exemplary” section of this section, but not all. There is a statement as to whether the 10 points The Conclusion section is somewhat complete and contains the answers to most of the questions in the “exemplary” section of this section, but not all. There is a statement as to 0 Points The conclusion section is missing or the author makes inappropriate statements regarding the interpretation of the data. For example, if the author makes a statement like the following, 8.5 Points The Conclusion section simply describes the data provided in the results section and may contain all or some of the interpretations of the data. There may be a missing statement that Page 16 BSC1005L - Biology Laboratory statement as to data support or whether the do not support data support or the hypothesis do not support that contains the hypothesis logical that contains reasoning. logical reasoning. Since the conclusion is an interpretation of the results, this section should discuss answers to the following questions: “What happened?”, “ Was this expected or not expected?”, “Why?”, and “If the results were not as expected, what are some reasons why this may have occurred?”. Papers that score this high mark will also include ideas for improving the experiment moving forward if the results were not as expected. whether the data support or do not support the hypothesis that contains somewhat logical reasoning but has some holes in the reasoning. addresses the “My hypothesis hypotheses was correct,” statement or the “The data prove statement my hypothesis,” provided does or any not logically statement of this address the kind regarding hypothesis and the relationship whether or not of the data to the data do or the hypothesis. do not support the hypothesis. Page 17