Physics 1402 Required Topics Jan. 14, 2013 changes noted in red Required Bold Font Optional Normal Font CHAPTER 17 Electric Forces and Fields 545 17.1 Evidence for Electric Forces: The Observational Facts 546 17.2 Electric Forces and Coulomb’s Law 547 17.3 The Electric Field 553 17.4 Conductors, Insulators, and the Motion of Electric Charge 558 17.5 Electric Flux and Gauss’s Law 563 17.6 Applications: DNA Fingerprinting 571 17.7 “Why Is Charge Quantized?” and Other Deep Questions 572 CHAPTER 18 Electric Potential 583 18.1 Electric Potential Energy 584 18.2 Electric Potential: Voltage 589 18.3 Equipotential Lines and Surfaces 598 18.4 Capacitors 600 18.5 Dielectrics 607 18.6 Electricity in the Atmosphere 610 18.7 Biological Examples and Applications 611 18.8 Electric Potential Energy Revisited: Where Is the Energy? 612 CHAPTER 19 Electric Currents and Circuits 623 19.1 Electric Current: The Flow of Charge 624 19.2 Batteries 625 19.3 Current and Voltage in a Resistor Circuit 628 19.4 DC Circuits: Batteries, Resistors, and Kirchhoff’s Rules 633 19.5 DC Circuits: Adding Capacitors 646 19.6 Making Electrical Measurements: Ammeters and Voltmeters 652 19.7 RC Circuits as Filters 652 19.8 Electric Currents in the Human Body 654 19.9 Household Circuits 655 19.10 Temperature Dependence of Resistance and Superconductivity 657 CHAPTER 20 Magnetic Fields and Forces 668 20.1 Sources of Magnetic Fields 669 20.2 Magnetic Forces Involving Bar Magnets 673 20.3 Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge 674 20.4 Magnetic Force on an Electric Current 679 20.5 Torque on a Current Loop and Magnetic Moments 682 20.6 Motion of Charged Particles in the Presence of Electric and Magnetic Fields 683 20.7 Calculating the Magnetic Field: Ampère’s Law 686 20.8 Magnetic Materials: What Goes On Inside? 690 20.9 The Earth’s Magnetic Field 694 20.10 Applications of Magnetism 696 20.11 The Puzzle of a Velocity-Dependent Force 699 CHAPTER 21 Magnetic Induction 712 21.1 Why Is It Called Electromagnetism? 713 21.2 Magnetic Flux and Faraday’s Law 714 21.3 Lenz’s Law and Work–Energy Principles 721 21.4 Inductance 726 21.5 RL Circuits 729 21.6 Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field 732 21.7 Applications 735 21.8 The Puzzle of Induction from a Distance 739 CHAPTER 22 Alternating-Current Circuits and Machines 749 22.1 Generation of AC Voltages 750 22.2 Analysis of AC Resistor Circuits 752 22.3 AC Circuits with Capacitors 757 22.4 AC Circuits with Inductors 760 22.5 LC Circuits 762 22.6 Resonance 764 22.7 AC Circuits and Impedance 767 22.8 Frequency-Dependent Behavior of AC Circuits: A Conceptual Recap 769 22.9 Transformers 772 22.10 Motors 774 22.11 What Can AC Circuits Do That DC Circuits Cannot? 776 CHAPTER 23 Electromagnetic Waves 788 23.1 The Discovery of Electromagnetic Waves 789 23.2 Properties of Electromagnetic Waves 790 23.3 Electromagnetic Waves Carry Energy and Momentum 792 23.4 Types of Electromagnetic Radiation: The Electromagnetic Spectrum 797 23.5 Generation and Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves 802 23.6 Polarization 806 23.7 Doppler Effect 811 23.8 Deep Concepts and Puzzles Connected with Electromagnetic Waves 814 CHAPTER 24 Geometrical Optics 823 24.1 Ray (Geometrical) Optics 824 24.2 Reflection from a Plane Mirror: The Law of Reflection 825 24.3 Refraction 828 24.4 Reflections and Images Produced by Curved Mirrors 835 24.5 Lenses 844 24.6 How the Eye Works 850 24.7 Optics in the Atmosphere 855 24.8 Aberrations 856 CHAPTER 25 Wave Optics 868 25.1 Coherence and Conditions for Interference 869 25.2 The Michelson Interferometer 872 25.3 Thin-Film Interference 875 25.4 Light through a Single Slit: Qualitative Behavior 881 25.5 Double-Slit Interference: Young’s Experiment 882 25.6 Single-Slit Diffraction: Interference of Light from a Single Slit 885 25.7 Diffraction Gratings 889 25.8 Optical Resolution and the Rayleigh Criterion 892 25.9 Why Is the Sky Blue? 897 25.10 The Nature of Light: Wave or Particle? 898 CHAPTER 26 Applications of Optics 908 26.1 Applications of a Single Lens: Contact Lenses, Eyeglasses, and the Magnifying Glass 908 26.2 Microscopes 916 26.3 Telescopes 920 26.4 Cameras 927 26.5 CDs and DVDs 934 26.6 Optical Fibers 936 26.7 Microscopy with Optical Fibers 939 CHAPTER 27 Relativity 946 27.1 Newton’s Mechanics and Relativity 947 27.2 The Postulates of Special Relativity 948 27.3 Time Dilation 949 27.4 Simultaneity Is Not Absolute 955 27.5 Length Contraction 956 27.6 Addition of Velocities 960 27.7 Relativistic Momentum 962 27.8 What Is “Mass”? 964 27.9 Mass and Energy 965 27.10 The Equivalence Principle and General Relativity970 27.11 Relativity and Electromagnetism 973 27.12 Why Relativity Is Important 975 CHAPTER 28 Quantum Theory 982 28.1 Particles, Waves, and “Particle-Waves” 982 28.2 Photons 985 28.3 Wavelike Properties of Classical Particles 993 28.4 Electron Spin 996 28.5 The Meaning of the Wave Function 998 28.6 Tunneling Detect 1003 28.7 Detection of Photons by the Eye 1005 28.8 The Nature of Quanta: A Few Puzzles 1006 CHAPTER 29 Atomic Theory 1013 29.1 Structure of the Atom: What’s Inside? 1014 29.2 Atomic Spectra 1018 29.3 Bohr’s Model of the Atom 1021 29.4 Wave Mechanics and the Hydrogen Atom 1028 29.5 Multielectron Atoms 1031 29.6 Chemical Properties of the Elements and the Periodic Table 29.7 Applications 1037 29.8 Quantum Mechanics and Newton’s Mechanics: Some Philosophical Issues 1042 CHAPTER 30 Nuclear Physics 1048 30.1 Structure of the Nucleus: What’s Inside? 1049 30.2 Nuclear Reactions: Spontaneous Decay of a Nucleus 1053 30.3 Stability of the Nucleus: Fission and Fusion 1064 30.4 Biological Effects of Radioactivity 1071 30.5 Applications of Nuclear Physics in Medicine and Other Fields 1075 30.6 Questions about the Nucleus 1078 CHAPTER 31 Physics in the 21st Century 1087 31.1 Cosmic Rays 1088 31.2 Matter and Antimatter 1089 31.3 Quantum Electrodynamics 1092 31.4 Elementary Particle Physics: The Standard Model 1093 31.5 The Fundamental Forces of Nature 1098 31.6 Elementary Particle Physics: Is This the Final Answer? 1102 31.7 Astrophysics and the Universe 1103 31.8 Physics and Interdisciplinary Science 1106 Appendix A: Reference Tables A-1 Appendix B: Mathematical Review A-8 Answers to Concept Checks and Odd-Numbered Problems A-13 Index I-1