Physics Level II Final Exam Study Guide
Chapter 12: Universal Gravitation
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
The Falling Apple
The Falling Moon
The Falling Earth
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
Gravity and Distance: The Inverse Square Law
Universal Gravitation
Chapter 13: Gravitational Interactions
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
Gravitational Fields
Gravitational Field Inside a Planet
Weight and Weightlessness
Ocean Tides
Chapter 14: Satellite Motion
14.1
14.2
14.3
Earth Satellites
Circular Orbits
Elliptical Orbits
Chapter 15: Special Relativity—Space and Time
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
Space-Time
Motion Is Relative
The Speed of Light Is Constant
The First Postulate of Special Relativity
The Second Postulate of Special Relativity
Time Dilation
The Twin Trip
Space and Time Travel
Chapter 16: Special Relativity—Length, Momentum, and Energy
16.1
16.3
16.4
Length Contraction
Equivalence of Mass and Energy
Kinetic Energy in Relativity
Chapter 18: Solids
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
Density
Elasticity
Compression and Tension
Scaling
page 1
Chapter 19: Liquids
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
Liquid Pressure
Buoyancy
Archimedes' Principle
Does It Sink, or Does It Float?
Flotation
Pascal's Principle
Chapter 20: Gases
20.5
20.6
20.7
20.8
Boyle's Law
Buoyancy of Air
Bernoulli's Principle
Applications of Bernoulli's Principle
Chapter 21: Temperature, Heat, and Expansion
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
21.8
21.9
Temperature
Heat
Thermal Equilibrium
Internal Energy
Measurement of Heat
Thermal Expansion
Expansion of Water
Chapter 22: Heat Transfer
22.1
22.2
22.3
22.4
22.5
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Absorption of Radiant Energy
Emission of Radiant Energy
Chapter 24: Thermodynamics
24.2
24.4
24.6
24.7
First Law of Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Order Tends to Disorder
Entropy
Chapter 25: Vibrations and Waves
25.1
25.2
25.3
25.4
Vibration of a Pendulum
Wave Description
Wave Motion
Wave Speed
page 2
25.5
25.6
25.8
25.9
Transverse Waves
Longitudinal Waves
Standing Waves
The Doppler Effect
Chapter 26: Sound
26.1
26.2
26.4
26.5
26.6
26.7
26.8
The Origin of Sound
Sound in Air
Speed of Sound
Loudness
Forced Vibration
Natural Frequency
Resonance
Chapter 27: Light
27.1
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.7
Early Concepts of Light
The Speed of Light
Electromagnetic Waves
Light and Transparent Materials
Polarization
Chapter 28: Color
28.1
28.2
28.3
28.4
28.5
28.8
The Color Spectrum
Color by Reflection
Color by Transmission
Sunlight
Mixing Colored Light
Why the Sky Is Blue
Chapter 29: Reflection and Refraction
29.1
29.2
29.3
29.6
29.8
29.10
29.11
29.12
Reflection
The Law of Reflection
Mirrors
Refraction
Refraction of Light
Dispersion in a Prism
The Rainbow
Total Internal Reflection
Chapter 30: Lenses
30.1
30.2
30.6
30.7
Converging and Diverging Lenses
Image Formation by a Lens
The Eye
Some Defects in Vision
page 3
Chapter 32: Electrostatics
32.1
32.2
32.3
32.4
32.5
32.6
32.7
Electrical Forces and Charges
Conservation of Charge
Coulomb's Law
Conductors and Insulators
Charging by Friction and Contact
Charging by Induction
Charge Polarization
Chapter 33: Electric Fields and Potential
33.1
33.2
33.3
33.4
33.5
33.6
33.7
Electric Fields
Electric Field Lines
Electric Shielding
Electric Potential Energy
Electric Potential
Electric Energy Storage
The Van de Graaff Generator
Chapter 34: Electric Current
34.1
34.2
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.6
34.7
34.10
34.11
Flow of Charge
Electric Current
Voltage Sources
Electric Resistance
Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law and Electric Shock
Direct Current and Alternating Current
The Source of Electrons in a Circuit
Electric Power
Chapter 35: Electric Circuits
35.1
35.2
35.3
35.4
35.5
35.6
35.7
A Battery and a Bulb
Electric Circuits
Series Circuits
Parallel Circuits
Schematic Diagrams
Combining Resistors in a Compound Circuit
Parallel Circuits and Overloading
page 4
Chapter 36: Magnetism
36.1
36.2
36.3
36.4
36.5
36.7
Magnetic Poles
Magnetic Fields
The Nature of a Magnetic Field
Magnetic Domains
Electric Currents and Magnetic Fields
Magnetic Forces on Current-Carrying Wires
Basic equations:
v = d/t
a = ∆v/t
d = √at2
O
sin Ø = ———
H
A
cos Ø = ———
H
vi2 sin2Ø
dx = ———————
a
a = 9.8 m/s2
F
a = ——
m
m·v total
mtotal· vtotal
impulse = F·t
impulse = ∆ momentum
net momentum (before collision) = net momentum (after collision)
Work = F·d
Power = work/ time
Fout·dout = Fin·din
PE = mgh
MA = Fout/Fin
MA = din/dout
Fout·rout = Fin·rin
MA = rin /rout
Fout · height = Fin · length
MA =
length of plane
——————————
height of plane
page 5
g = 9.80m/s2
——
v
r
t
m·v2
F = ———
r
T = F·d
First Condition of Equilibrium
∑F parallel = 0
Second Condition of Equilibrium
∑ T clockwise = ∑ T counterclockwise
Hoop
I = mr2
Solid Cylinder
I = 1/2mr2
m 1m 2
F = G ———
d2
where G = 6.67 X 10-11 N·m2/kg2
∆t =
∆to
_________
√ 1- v2/c2
m=
mo
_________
√ 1- v2/c2
Solid Sphere
I = 2/5mr2
___________
L = Lo· √ 1- v2/c2
E = mc2
mass
density = ———————
volume
weight
weight density = ———————
volume
force
Pressure = ——————
area
Force = mg
page 6
P1·V1 = P2·V2
v
f
f = 1/T
v = 331m/s + (.600 x Temp in °C)
Q1 x Q2
F = k —————
d2
V
I = ——
R
k = 9.00 x 109 N·m2/C2
——————————————————————
Series
——————————————————————
Current
I = I1 = I2 = I3 = · · ·
Resistance
R = R1 + R2 + R3 + · · ·
Voltage
V = V1 + V2 + V3 + · · ·
——————————————————————
——————————————————————
Parallel
——————————————————————
Current
Resistance
I = I1 + I2 + 13 + · · ·
1
1
1
1
R = R1 + R2 + R3 + · · ·
Voltage
V = V1 = V2 = V3 = · · ·
——————————————————————
page 7