1. What is cell theory?
A. All cells come from pre-existing cells
B. Cells are the basic unit of life
C. All living things are made of cells
2. Name the functions of the following organelles .Designate as plant, animal, or both.
Organelle
Function
Nucleus
controls all activities of cells, contains DNA
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, site of respiration
Cell wall (plant)
Pant cells only, gives plant cells rigid shape
Cell membrane
controls what goes in and out of the cell
Chloroplast (plant)
Site of photosynthesis is plant cells only
Ribosome
produces protein
Cytoplasm
filling of the cell, contains all organelles
Vacuole
Stores water, larger in plant cells
Endoplasmic reticulum
transports materials throughout the cell
3. Name the levels of organization from gene to organism.
Gene, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
4. What is sexual reproduction? Give three examples.
Reproduction with two parents, produces diverse offspring
Ex- dogs, humans, some plants
5. What is asexual reproduction? Give three examples.
Reproduction with one parent, offspring are identical to parent
Examples- prokaryotes, bacteria, starfish
6. Name the functions of the following body systems.
Body System
Function
Digestive
breakdown nutrients in food for body to use
Respiratory
intake oxygen and remove carbon dioxide waste
Skeletal
support and give shape to the body, produce blood cells
Nervous
transmit messages inside and outside of the body to the
brain and away from the brain
Endocrine
contains glands that release chemicals to control many
daily activities and long term body changes
Circulatory
deliver oxygenated blood and take back deoxygenated
blood to the respiratory system
Integumentary
skin, controls body temperature by releasing sweat,
protective barrier
7. What is a physical change? Give three examples.
Change in size, shape, state of matter
A. breaking food apart with teeth
B.crushing a can
C. ice melting
8. What is a chemical change? Give three examples.
A change in the molecular make up of a substance into a new product
Examples- burning, rusting, digesting food
9. What is an organic molecule? Give an example.
A molecule that contains carbon
10. What elements are usually associated with an organic molecule?
SPONCH- sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen
11. What is a molecule? Give two examples.
Two of more atoms chemically combined
A.H2O- water
B.C6H12O6- glucose
12. How many molecules, atoms and elements in 3H2SO4?
3 molecules, 21 atoms, 3 elements
13. What does MSDS stand for? Where should it be kept in the laboratory? 7
Material Safety Data Sheet, where it is visible
14. What should you do if something breaks, catches fire, or spills in the laboratory?
Tell the teacher!
15. What should you use to measure volume in the laboratory? Mass? Length?
Volume – graduated cylinder
Mass – triple beam balance
Length – ruler
16. What is Genetics?
The study of heredity
17. What is heredity?
The passing of traits from parent to offspring
18. How many chromosomes are donated by each parent? Genes?
23 chromosome, 1 gene
19. What is DNA? What is its unique shape?
The genetic blueprint of an organism, double helix
20. What is a chromosome?
23 pairs, 46 total found in the nucleus of a cell. Contains DNA- the blueprint of an
organism
What is a gene?
Segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait
21. Name the levels of organization from gene to organism.
Gene, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, Cell, Tissue, organ, organ system, organism
22. Give examples of the following forces: Use arrows to show direction of force and N
for force applied.
A. Balanced Force
B. Unbalanced Force
C. Net Force
23. Complete the following table:
Simple Machine
Function
Examples
Inclined Plane
flat, slanted surface
ramp
Wedge
thick at one end and taper to a thin edge
knife
Screw
incline plane wrapped around a cylinder
jar lid
Lever
rigid bar that pivots over a fixed point
scissors
Wheel & Axle
one or two cylinders that are fastened
together and rotate
steering wheel
Pulley
a rope or chain wrapped around a grooved
wheel
bike chain
24. Is work being done if nothing is moved?
No. work = force x distance if the distance is zero anything times zero = zero
25. What is mechanical advantage?
Finding a ratio of output force to input force.
26. Complete the following table of Newton’s Laws of Motion.
Newton’s Law
Examples
1st Law
An object at rest will stay at rest, an object in motion will
stay in motion unless an unbalanced force acts upon it.
You will in your chair until a
forces causes you to fall out
of it.
2nd Law
The more mass an object has the more inertia. In other
words, bigger objects are harder to start and stop.
force= mass x acceleration
It takes more force to
accelerate a truck than a
small car
3rd Law
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
A rocket launching
27. Draw an example of a food web in a grassland.
28. Draw an example of an energy pyramid in a grassland.
29. Why is biodiversity so important in an ecosystem?
The more biodiversity the more stable an evironment
30. What is a dichotomous key? How can it help identify an organism?
You can identify unknown organisms by characteristics of the organism
31. Complete the following table on biome characteristics.
Biome
Characteristics
Tundra
Very cold, covered in permafrost, few plants
Desert
sandy and dry, can be extremely hot or cold, plants usually have
spines, many animals are nocturnal
Rainforest
Lots of rain, more plants and animals than any other biome, high
biodiversity, located near equator
Aquatic
oceans or lakes, high biodiversity,
Grasslands
grasses and shrubs, few trees
Deciduous Forest
large broad leaf trees, change colors in fall and fall off in winter,
four distinct seasons
Coniferous Forest
large pine cone bearing tree, evergreen trees,
32. What is primary succession?
Takes place where there is no preexisting ecosystem/ no soil
33. What is a pioneer species? Name two.
First species to appear after a catastrophic event, they arrive first in succession. They
are needed to build up soil.
A. lichens
B. moss
34. What is secondary succession? Name three reasons why this type of succession
occurs.
Occurs in a preexisting ecosystem
A. deforestation
B. forest fire
C. tornado
35. What is an opportunistic species? Name two.
Species that grow following pioneer species
A. plants with green stems
B. shrubs
36. What is a climax community?
A community of stable plants or forest, the final stage of succession.
37. What is the carbon-oxygen cycle?
Carbon dioxide that is created through combustion and respiration is utilized by plants
which in turn create and give off oxygen to be used for animals to breath.
38. What is the nitrogen cycle?
Nitrogen in the atmosphere is fixed by bacteria into a useable form for plants. Dead
plants and animal release that nitrogen back in to the atmosphere during
decomposition.
39. Can plants and animals use atmospheric nitrogen? Why?
No, it needs to be converted by bacteria.
40. List five ways humans impact an ecosystem.
A. deforestation
B. chemicals from lawns get in to runoff and then to rivers and oceans
C. pollution from burning fossil fuels
D. dumping chemicals
E. overfishing
41. What is a watershed? What is its shape?
An area of land where are ground water drains down to a point and into the ocean.
42. Where does the water come from in a watershed? Where does it go?
It comes from ground water, surface runoff, rivers, lakes, streams and eventually ends
up in the ocean.
43. What is natural section? Give three examples.
The process by which individuals that are more likely to survive and reproduce than
other members of the same species.
A. peppered moth
44. What is selective breeding? Give three examples how it is utilized.
The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the
next generation.
A. race horses
B. purebred dogs
C.
45. What is a catastrophic event? Describe three events.
Tornado, Hurricane, Flood
You also need to be familiar with the following vocabulary.
Science Vocabulary:
Biodiversity
Extinct
Symbiosis
Mutation
Genetic variation
Migrate
Decomposers
Combustion
Photosynthesis
Agriculture
Friction
Contaminate
Offspring
Other Vocabulary:
Sustainability
Predominant
Persist
Altered
Utilize
Identical
Fatal