Name___________________________________ Date_________________ Class Period______
Term 1 EOTT Study Guide Answers
(Use a separate sheet of paper, as needed and staple.)
1.
Define scientific law: A statement about how things work in nature that seems to be true all the
time.
2.
What is the difference between a control and a variable? A control is the standard to which the
outcome of a test is compared. A variable is something in an experiment that can change.
3. Define scientific method. The method used to answer questions in a systematic manner.
4. Name the steps/procedures you take for the scientific method in the correct order. Ask a
question, Gather information, Form Hypothesis, Test Hypothesis or Experiment, Analyze Data,
Form Conclusions.
5. A stimulus can cause a _____change____ or ____response____ in an organism.
6. Define biogenesis. The theory that says that living things come from other living things.
7. An organism is considered a living thing, if it has the following characteristics: (list all)
Living things are organized, respond to stimuli, grow and develop, use energy and reproduce.
8. Define and explain binomial nomenclature? The two word naming system to classify living
things.
9. Who came up with the idea of binomial nomenclature? Carolus Linnaeus
10. Define scientific theory. An explanation of things and events based on scientific knowledge that
is the result of many observations and experiments.
11. What is science? An organized way of studying things and finding answers to questions.
12. What is an organism? Any living thing.
13. What is a dichotomous key? A detailed list of identifying characteristics that includes scientific
names.
14. What are the two types of groups scientists use when conducting an experiment? Control group
and Experimental group
15. How are the two types of groups in question 14 different? Experimental group gets the
independent variable and the results of the experiment is compared with the control group.
16. How many variables should a science experiment test? One
17. Henry has problems with ants in the pantry and is setting traps to capture and kill them. He
believes ants would be more attracted to the poisonous traps if he used sugar instead of crumbs
of food. So, he set up 3 traps. Trap 1 has the poison with sugar on it. Trap 2 has the poison with
food crumbs. Trap 3 has the poison only. For 5 days he counts how many ants end up in each
trap.
a. What is Henry’s hypothesis? That the ants would be attracted to the poisonous traps if
he used sugar instead of crumbs of food.
b. Which trap is the control group? Why? Trap 3 because it has only poison
c. What is the independent variable in Henry’s experiment? The sugar and the bread
crumbs
d. What is the dependent variable in Henry’s experiment? The number of ants attracted to
the traps.
18. If you accidently break a beaker during a lab, you should __tell the teacher.
19. The size of your feet has changed since your birth. What characteristic of life does your change
in size represent? Grow and develop
20. A pig had piglets. What characteristic of life does this represent? Reproduction
21. You walk outside and whistle. Your dog hears it and comes running thinking it is time to eat. What
characteristic of life does this represent? Respond to stimulus
22. During your experiment you noticed that your hypothesis is not supported by the data. What
should you do? Provide in statement form, all the information that would apply. You should make
sure that you have done your experiment correctly. If needed you have to revise your
hypothesis.
23. What is a hypothesis? An explanation that can be tested.
24. Where are chloroplast found? What is their function? Chloroplasts are found in Plant cells. They
help in photosynthesis.
25. Create a table. Identify the function of each organelle: nucleus, ribosome, cytoplasm, and
mitochondria.
Organelle
Function
Nucleus
Controls the cell
Ribosome
Makes proteins for the cell
Cytoplasm
Houses the organelles
Mitochondria
Releases energy for the cell activities
26. The organelle of a plant cell that protects and provides the shape is _cell wall____.
27. What does ER stand for? What is the function of this organelle? What makes the RER different
from the SER? Endoplasmic Reticulum – Helps in transport of materials inside the cell. Rough ER
has ribosomes on it while the Smooth E does not have ribosomes on it.
28. What process allows water to pass through the cell membrane? Osmosis
29. What organelle is responsible for making proteins for the cells? Ribosomes
30. Explain the process of endocytosis and exocytosis? Endocytosis is the movement of bulk
materials into the cell. Exocytosis is the movement of bulk materials out of the cell.
31. What are the three types of passive transport? Explain each one. Diffusion, osmosis and
Facilitated diffusion. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of its higher
concentration to a region of its lower concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water
molecules.
32. List the organization of cells from smallest to largest. Cell-Tissue-Organ-Organ System-Organism
33. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Prokaryotic cells do not have a
membrane nucleus (have no nucleus). Eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus.
34. How are passive transport and active transport different? Passive transport is the movement of
molecules and it does not need energy. Active transport needs energy to move materials across
a cell.
35. Which Kingdoms contain prokaryotic cells, and which contain eukaryotic cells? Prokaryotic cells
– Archaebacteria and Eubacteria; Eukaryotic Cells – Protista, Fungi, Plants and Animals.
36. What is the difference between the terms: heterotrophs and autotrophs & multi-cellular and unicellular, prokaryote & eukaryote? Heterotrophs depend on other organisms for food;
Autotrophs can make their own food. Multicellular organisms are made up of more than one
cell; Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell. Prokaryotes are organisms that do not
have a nucleus in their cells; Eukaryotes are organisms that have a nucleus in their cells.
37. Name the classification levels. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
38. What is spontaneous generation? The theory that living things come from nonliving things