ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
SOILS, SEC 2 • GLOBAL CHANGE, ENVIRON RISK ASSESS, SUSTAINABLE LAND USE •
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Release and migration of colloidal phosphorus from a typical agricultural field under
long-term phosphorus fertilization in southeastern China
Xinqiang Liang 1 • Yi Jin1 • Yue Zhao1 • Zhibo Wang2 • Rongqiang Yin1 • Guangming Tian1
Received: 19 August 2015 / Accepted: 15 October 2015
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015
Responsible editor: Chengrong Chen
1
2
College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Zhejiang Province,
Hangzhou 310058, China
 Xinqiang Liang
liang410@zju.edu.cn
120
40
2012
35
30
80
25
60
20
15
40
Temperature (°C)
Precipitation (mm)
100
10
20
5
0
20
40
60
0
100
80
Days after transplanting (d)
160
40
140
35
120
30
100
25
80
20
60
15
40
10
20
5
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
140
Days after transplanting (d)
Fig. S1 Precipitation and daily average temperature in two rice seasons
Temperature (C)
Precipitation (mm)
2013
Oilseed rape 2012
c
b
0-5
5-30
OM
IP2
Rice 2012
b
0-5
c
b
30-60
60-100
0.0
a
a
Rice 2013
d
5-30
60-100
0.9
c
1.2
0.0
b
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
30-60
0.6
c
0-5
a
a
Soil total P (g/kg)
Fig. S2
a
a
OM
IP2
a
a
a
a
a
0.3
60-100
a
CK
IP1
d
b
5-30
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
30-60
ab
ab
a
CK
IP1
c
b
5-30
ab
a
a
a
a
60-100
a
c
a
a
a
a
30-60
Soil depth (cm)
b
b
0-5
b
Soil depth (cm)
c
Oilseed rape 2013
c
0.3
0.6
0.9
Soil total P(g/kg)
1.2
Soil total P content in 0-100 cm profile under different fertilization treatments after oilseed rape and rice seasons in 2012 and
2013. Different letters beside the columns at the same soil depth denote significant differences under four treatments (P<0.05)
Table S1 Summary of reported literatures on contents and distribution colloidal P in agricultural fields
Soil
Fertilization
Soil phosphorus
Object
Size distribution and
Proportion
type
regimes
content
conjugation
and
land
use
a
Five-year
3356 μg P dm-3
Soil
220-1200 nm
23%
inorganic, 22 kg P
solution
(molybdate
-2 -1
hm a
reactive P)
-3
a
Five-year
3356 μg P dm
Soil
220-1200 nm
46% (organic
inorganic, 22 kg P
solution
P)
hm-2 a-1
b
Organic and
16.8 mmol kg-1
Soil
Humic
42-57%
inorganic
(Oxalate-extractable
solution
acid-metal-phosphate
(<0.45 μm
P)
soil
suspension)
-1
b
Organic and
18.5 mmol kg
Soil
Humic
20-29%
inorganic
(Oxalate-extractable
solution
acid-metal-phosphate
(<0.45 μm
P)
soil
suspension)
-1
c
No fertilizers
0.39 mmol kg
Soil
Humic
0
(Oxalate-extractable
solution
acid-metal-phosphate
P)
d
d
Organic, 50×103
kg P hm-2 a-1
Inorganic, 50×10
kg P hm-2
3
92.7 μmol P
(<0.45μm soil
solution)
33.9 μmol P
(<0.45μm soil
solution)
Soil
solution
Soil
solution
25-450 nm
25-450 nm
40-58%
(<0.45 μm
soil solution)
40-58%
(<0.45 μm
soil solution)
Separation method
Reference
Microfiltration/
Ultrafiltration
Shand CA,
et al., 2000
Membrane
filtration/Gel
filtration
Membrane
filtration/Gel
filtration
Gel
filtration/Membrane
filtration
Hens M
and
Merckx R,
2001
Hens M
and
Merckx R,
2001
Hens M
and
Merckx R,
2002
e
Organic,
50×103-100×103
kg P hm-2 a-1
23.8 μmol P
(<0.45μm soil
solution)
Soil
solution
25-450 nm
<8% (<0.45
μm soil
solution)
Gel
filtration/Membrane
filtration
f
Organic and
inorganic
34-145 mg kg-1
(Olsen P)
Runoff
1-1000 nm
Ultrafiltration
f
Inorganic
11-101 mg kg-1
(Olsen P)
Runoff
1-1000 nm
13-22%
(<1μm
suspension
liquid)
11-39%
(<1μm
suspension
liquid)
37-56%
(<1μm
suspension
liquid)
75% (soil
column
leachate)
28% (0-30
cm, TP in
water )
>94% (>30
cm, TP in
water)
1.4-19%
f
Inorganic
4-8 mg kg-1
(Olsen P)
Runoff
1-1000 nm
g
-
734 mg P kg-1
Column
leachate
240-2000 nm
h
Mineral and
organic fertilizers
47-140 mg P kg-1
Soil-water
extracts
10-1200 nm
i
Inorganic
696-1320μmol P kg-1
(0-30 cm)
10-1200 nm
j
Organic
933 mg kg-1
Soil
column
leachate
Column
leachate
10-1000 nm
Hens M
and
Merckx R,
2002
Turner BL,
et al., 2004
Filtration
Filtration/
Ultracentrifugation
de Jonge L.
W., et al.,
2004
Ilg K, et al.,
2005
Filtration/
ultracentrifugation
Siemens J,
et al., 2008
25-64%
Filtration/
(leachate total ultracentrifugation
P)
Zang L, et
al., 2011
k
Five-year organic,
210 kg P ha-1
1726 mg P kg-1 (0-10
cm)
1150 mg P kg-1
(10-20 cm)
553 mg P kg-1 (20-30
cm)
430 mg P kg-1 (30-40
cm)
290 mg P kg-1 (40-50
cm)
228 mg P kg-1 (50-60
cm)
Soil
solution
10-1000 nm
78%
(0-10 cm,
<1μm soil
suspension)
88%
(20-30 cm,
<1μm soil
suspension)
91%
(50-60 cm,
<1μm soil
suspension)
Filtration/
ultracentrifugation
Zang L, et
al., 2013
a: Peaty podzol under improved grass in northern Scotland; b: Sandy podzol for livestock farming in Belgium; c: Sandy podzol as forestland in
Belgium; d: Sandy podzol as permanent grassland or arable field in Belgium; e: Sandy podzol as forestland in Belgium; f: Calcareous arable soil
in semi-arid area of northwest USA; g: Sandy agricultural soil in Denmark; h: Sandy cropland soils in Northern Germany; i: Loamy sand
cropland soil in Northern Germany; j: Paddy soil in Taihu basin of China; k: Paddy soil in Taihu basin of China
References
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