2.1 WAVES AND TIDES
2.2 EROSION AND DEPOSITION
(page 348-360)
NAME: _______________________________
LEARNING OUTCOME 2: Investigate and interpret linkages among landforms, water
and climate
2a. Describe the processes of erosion and deposition resulting from wave
actions and water flow
2b. Investigate and describe stream characteristics
2c. Describe processes leading to the development of ocean basins and
continental drift.
2d. Identify evidence of glacier action and analyze factors affecting the growth and
attrition of glaciers and polar icecaps
EROSION vs. DEPOSITION
(page 359)
Erosion is the break
down or wearing away
and transporting of rock
fragments and soil
Same for
both
Deposition is the
laying down or
depositing of
sediments
What are sediments? Rock or rock fragments
CHEMICAL WEATHERING also causes erosion as
seen here in the Kartchner Caverns.
Explain this process (page 359)
-rainwater and streams dissolve limestone (soft
rock) and other rock as it seeps through the soil
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WATER MOVEMENT THAT CAUSES EROSION:
Type of water
movement
Definition:
What Causes
them
WAVES
TIDES
movements on the surface of the
water
-wind-the stronger the wind the
bigger the waves
the change in water level
two high tides and two low
tides
-gravitational force of the moon
-Earth's rotation
-Sun's gravitational pull
Explain their
effects on the
land
STREAM CHARACTERISTICS: Rivers and streams are also responsible for erosion
and deposition. Thinking about the Sheep River and by reading page 355 to 358,
complete the following on STREAM CHARACTERISTICS and PROFILE OF A STREAM.
Include: 1) _rate of the water flow ____________
and
2) _________steepness of river beds__________________________
PROFILE OF A RIVER: Sketch the water flow in A, B and C (use a blue color)
A
B
C
Complete the chart to explain what is happening at different stages of a rivers flow.
2
River location
SOURCE (A)
LOWER
ELEVATIONS (B)
MOUTH (C)
SLOPE OF
STREAM’S BED
RATE OF WATER
FLOW and
PATH OF STREAM
EROSION or
DEPOSITION
EFFECTS
**The area of land that drains into one main lake or river is called a
__WATERSHED______________! These watersheds drain into other lakes and rivers
which finally drain into an _____________________.
2.3 PROCESSES THAT SHAPE OCEAN BASINS AND CONTINENTAL DRAINAGE
(page 361-365)
Water has changed the landscape by waves, tides and rivers, but Continental Drift
has shaped the ocean basins and the continents (mountains) thus creating
Continental Drainage Systems.
1. In grade seven you learned that the outer part of the Earth is called the
LITHOSPERE, which is broken into huge plates that are constantly moving (apart
or towards each other) ever so slowly.
2. When two plates are moving away from each other, MID-OCEAN RIDGES______
and _CONTNENTAL____ shelves are formed.
3. When two plates are moving towards each other __TRENCHES__ and mountains
are formed.
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4. The changing LITHOSPHERE affects the major drainage patterns of our
continents. The CONTINENTAL DIVIDE (the highest land on the continent), or
the Rocky Mountains in North America affects where water flows:
a. West of the Continental Divide water goes to __PACIFIC OCEAN______
b. East of the Continental Divide water goes to either ___ARTIC______ or
___ATLANTIC___.
c. Some water will drain to the Hudson Bay, or even to the Gulf of Mexico!
Major Drainage Basins for Canada:
5. Mountains may have been formed by plate
tectonics, but large bodies of ice known as
____GLACIERS____ (continental glaciers or icecaps) have helped carve much of
North America’s surface.
6. If a region is cold the snow and ice melt very little and as it builds up these
____VALLEY____ glacier starts to flow down high valleys and between mountain
peaks.
7. As the glacier moves, _PIECES____ of __ROCK___ (tiny fragments to huge
boulders) become embedded in the ice. As they move the ground beneath the
glacier is ground down (reshaped).
8. When the climate is warmer the glacier melts back or retreats (page 363 Frozen
History!) As the glacier retreats it leaves behind _SOIL_____, _ROCK______ and
__BOULDERS____ it once contained—THUS CHANGING THE LANDSCAPE!
Hence OKOTOKS BIG ROCK!!
9. Other Glacial features are:
a. Morraines-rock & gravel build up
b. Drummlins-small hills
c. Eskers-deposited sediments
d. Lakes
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