Deena Zytnick
1. Write down a research topic.
What are the effects of breastfeeding on health outcomes of children born and living in India?
Narrower-- Choose between outcomes: Under nutrition, stunting, wasting, mortality, academic success
2. Identify PI(E)CO elements
Terms for Populations/Clinical Settings
Populations:
 Children
 Babies
 Newborns
 Infants
 Toddlers
 Young child
 Preschool
Clinical Settings:
 India
 Home
 Hospital
 Birth
Terms for Interventions/Exposures
 Breast feeding
 Breastfeeding
 Infant feeding
 Infant feeding practice
 Milk
 Human
 Feeding behavior
 Human milk
 Nutrition processes
 Exclusive breastfeeding
Terms for Comparators/Controls
 Non-breastfed babies in India
Terms for Outcomes
 Chronic disease
 Stunting
 Malnutrition
 Under nutrition













Obesity
Dental caries
Wasting
Underweight
Academic success
School
Height
Growth
Stunting
Development
Waist-Height Ratio
Body height
Age-appropriate infant and young child feeding practices are associated with child nutrition in India: insights from nationally representative data.
Menon, Purnima; Bamezai, Apurva; Subandoro, Ali; Ayoya, Mohamed Ag; Aguayo, Victor
http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com/sp-3.16.0b/ovidweb.cgi?&S=KMNPFPFMJCDDMPBJNCJKJDIBDACJAA00&Complete+Reference=S.sh.21%7c3%7c1
Undernutrition among infants less than 6 months of age: an underestimated public health problem in India.
Patwari, Ashok K; Kumar, Sanjay; Beard, Jennifer.
http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com/sp-3.16.0b/ovidweb.cgi?&S=KMNPFPFMJCDDMPBJNCJKJDIBDACJAA00&Complete+Reference=S.sh.21%7c4%7c1
Infant feeding and school attainment in five cohorts from low- and middle-income countries.
Hallal PC. Barros FC. Gigante DP. Ramirez-Zea M. Sachdev HS. Adair L. Borja J. Dahly D. Desmond C.Ginsburg C. Mickelesfield L. Norris S. Stein
A. Osmond C
http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com/sp-3.16.0b/ovidweb.cgi?&S=KMNPFPFMJCDDMPBJNCJKJDIBDACJAA00&Complete+Reference=S.sh.21%7c30%7c1
Establish your preliminary inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using the preliminary study edibility criteria, screen first 10 abstracts and document
the screening results using the following table.
Search criteria in PubMed:
((((((((((child) OR children) OR baby) OR babies) OR infant) OR toddler) OR "young child")) AND india) AND (("breast feeding"[MeSH Terms]) OR
"breastfeeding")) AND (((((((height) OR stunt*) OR growth) OR grow) OR development) OR "body height") OR "waist-height ratio")
***Provided 259 results***
Inclusion criteria: results of outcome must be conducted in children between 2-18 years old; children must be born and raised in India; studies
may be prospective or retrospective; studies must involve an intervention, program implementation, or be an observational study; exposure can
be breastfeeding or human milk from the bottle; any breastfeeding counts as the child being breastfed; outcome is stunting or growth or height
of the child
Exclusion criteria: review studies, not having an exposure of breast feeding; not having an outcome related to height/stunting/growth; not being
a study with data
Table Eligibility Criteria and Abstract Screening
Eligibility Criteria
Citation
Ryan, J. G. and E. Dogbey (2015). "Preterm Births: A
Global Health Problem." MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs
40(5): 278-283.
Sankar, M. J., et al. (2015). "Optimal Breastfeeding
Practices and Infant and Child Mortality- A Systematic
Review and Meta-analysis." Acta Paediatr.
Sinha, B., et al. (2015). "Interventions to Improve
Breastfeeding Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta
Analysis." Acta Paediatr.
Chowdhury, R., et al. (2015). "Breastfeeding and
Population
Intervention or Exposure
Comparator
Outcome
Study Design
Other (specify)
Eligible? (yes, no, or
unsure)
No
Children under 18 years old
Non-breastfeeding as an infant
Breastfeeding as an infant
Stunting
Intervention, observational study, program
No
This is a systematic review and metaanalysis
No
This is a systematic review and metaanalysis
No
This is a systematic review and meta-
If not eligible, what is the major reason for
rejection?
This article is not a research study. It is
informing about nursing training.
Maternal Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analysis." Acta Paediatr.
Fall, C. H., et al. (2015). "Association between maternal
age at childbirth and child and adult outcomes in the
offspring: a prospective study in five low-income and
middle-income countries (COHORTS collaboration)."
Lancet Glob Health 3(7): e366-377.
Bentley, A., et al. (2015). "Malnutrition and infant and
young child feeding in informal settlements in Mumbai,
India: findings from a census." Food Sci Nutr 3(3): 257271.
Olusanya, B. O., et al. (2015). "Management of latepreterm and term infants with hyperbilirubinaemia in
resource-constrained settings." BMC Pediatr 15(1): 39.
Holla-Bhar, R., et al. (2015). "Investing in breastfeeding
- the world breastfeeding costing initiative." Int
Breastfeed J 10: 8.
Taneja, S., et al. (2015). "Impact on inequities in health
indicators: Effect of implementing the integrated
management of neonatal and childhood illness
programme in Haryana, India." J Glob Health 5(1):
010401.
Panigrahi, A. and S. C. Das (2014). "Undernutrition and
its correlates among children of 3-9 years of age
residing in slum areas of Bhubaneswar, India."
ScientificWorldJournal 2014: 719673.
analysis
No
Does not include breastfeeding as an
exposure variable.
Yes
No
Does not have breastfeeding as exposure or
stunting as outcome
No
Evaluated a breastfeeding strategy, no
intervention involved
No
Outcome was not height or stunting related
Yes
1. Write down your research topic. For example, “What are the effects of vitamin D supplementation on fracture outcomes in older adults?”
“What are the effects of interventions in organizational nutrition environments (schools, residential programs) designed to assess satisfaction
with dietary intake improvements (adherence to NSLP) in 10-18 year olds?”
2. Identify PI(E)CO elements in your research topic, write them in the boxes, and brainstorm key words and phrases for each element.
Terms for Populations/Clinical
Settings
Terms for
Interventions/Exposures
Terms for Comparators/Controls
Terms for Outcomes
Dietary quality
MyPlate
School lunches/breakfasts
National School Lunch Program
(NSLP)
Dietary Guidelines
Dietary changes
No NSLP
10-18 year olds
Residential programs
Schools
Jails
Prison
Juvenile justice system
Satisfaction
Acceptability
Mood
Contentment
Pleasure