DR. SHRIRAM V GOSAVI
PG COMMUNITY MEDICINE DEPT.
MGIMS, SEVAGRAM
 Initiation
of early BF
 Exclusive
breastfeeding
 Introduction
feeding
of Complementary
American Academy of Pediatrics

Overall late initiation (after day 1) was associated
with a 2.6-fold risk of death from infectious disease
Partial breastfeeding during
first month associated
with 6 fold adjusted risk
of death from infectious disease

Source: Pediatr, 2005; 115:496–506.
45
42
38
40
35
30
37
33
32
26
25
20
15
10
5
0
AFRICA
ASIA
AROUND 1996
AROUND 2008
DEVELPOING
COUNTRIES
90
80
80
75
70
56.7
60
50
50
41.2
40
30
20
46.4
35
24.5
15.8
10
0
Initiation of BF within 1
hrs of birth
NFHS-2 (98-99)
Exclusive BF(0-6 Mth)
NFHS-3 (2005-06)
Complementry feeding
(6-9 Mths)
Tenth Plan Goal
Tenth Plan Goal
50
India
24.5
Bihar
3.7
Uttar Pradesh
7.3
Jharkhand
10.7
Maharashtra
52
Tamil Nadu
58.8
Goa
59.4
Mizoram
66.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
70
60
50
43.1
40
30
20
61.8
61.4
28.6
27.6
16.7
27 28
69.8
67.7
33
31.6
34.4
33
71.6
34.6
33.5
16
10
0
No
Education
< 5 Yrs
complete
5-7 Yrs
complete
With in half an hour of birth
With in one day of birth
8-9 Yrs
complete
10-11 Yrs
complete
With in one hour of birth
12 or more
Yrs
complete
80
70
64.4
57
60
50
55.3
47
45.3
40
30
20
68.7
17
20.6
19.7
17.9
25 26
27.7
29
31 32
24.5
23.6
10
0
Lowest
Secondary
Middle
Within half an hour of birth
Within one day of birth
Fourth
Highest
Within one hour of birth
Total
80
71.3
70
60
50
40
44.1
33
34
30
16.9
20
17.8
10
0
Health facility
With in half an hour of birth
With in one day of birth
At home
With in one hour of birth
Tenth Plan Goal
80
India
46.4
Haryana
16.9
Goa
17.7
Madhya Pradesh
21.6
Maharashtra
53
Andhra Pradesh
62.1
Assam
63.1
Chhattisgarh
82
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Tenth Plan Goal
75
India
56.7
Rajasthan
38.7
Hryana
44.8
Uttar Pradesh
45.5
Maharashtra
47.8
Mizoram
84.6
Sikkim
89.6
Kerala
93.6
0
20
40
60
80
100
 Lack
of proper information to mothers
 Lack of counseling on feeding of infants
 Lack of proper feeding skill’s
 Inadequate health care support
 Inability of health care providers to help mothers
experiencing breastfeeding difficulty
 Aggressive promotion of baby foods by commercial
industries &
 Lack of proper support structures at community & work
place like maternity entitlements & crèches




National Family Health Survey - 3. International Institute for
Population Sciences. Available at:
http://www.nfhsindia.org/nfhs3_national_report.html
WHO/UNICEF Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child
Feeding, World Health Organization (WHO), 2002. Available
at: http://www.who.int/child-adolescent health/NUTRITION/
global_strategy.htm
American Academy of Pediatrics. Section on breastfeeding Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatr 2005; 115: 496–
506.
Dr. Arun Gupta et al. Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding
as a Public Health Intervention for Child Survival in India,
Indian Journal of Pediatric, Jan-2010.