Chemistry 11
Mrs. Chantelle MacCuspic
Hydrates - Ionic Compounds
There are many compounds that crystallize from a water solution with water molecules adhering to the particles of
the crystal. These hydrates, as they are called, usually contain a specific ratio of water to compound. Chemists use
heat to dry these compounds and then calculate the ratio of compound to water. An example of a hydrate is
NiSO •6H O. The dot shows that 6 molecules of water adhere to 1 formula unit. To name the compound, name the
3
2
portion preceding the dot, followed by the prefix for the number and hydrate.
The above compound would be named: NiSO •6H O nickel(II) sulfite hexahydrate
3
2
9. Give the correct names for each of the compounds listed below.
a) MgSO •6H O _____________________________
e) NaC H O •3H O _____________________________
b) CuSO •5H O _____________________________
f) MgSO •9H O
_____________________________
c) CaSO •2H O _____________________________
g) MgCl2•6H2O
_____________________________
d) FeSO •7H O _____________________________
h) NaHS•H2O
_____________________________
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
4
2
2
10. Write the correct chemical formula for each of the following compounds.
a) calcium chloride hexahydrate __________________
d) barium chloride dihydrate
__________________
b) calcium nitrate tetrahydrate __________________
e) sodium chromate tetrahydrate __________________
c) copper(II) nitrate trihydrate __________________
f) plumbous acetate trihydrate
__________________
Acids
Acids are a group of compounds that are given special treatment in naming. Acids are defined in several ways, but
in general, we can say that acids are compounds that give off hydrogen in water. The formula of an acid is one or
more hydrogens bonded to a monatomic or polyatomic anion. The way that the acid is named is determined by the
suffix of the anion.
hydrogen _______ide
hydrogen _______ate
hydrogen _______ite
becomes
becomes
becomes
hydro _______ic acid
_______ic acid
______ous acid
examples:
HCl
HClO
HClO
HClO
HClO
4
3
2
hydrogen chloride
hydrogen perchlorate
becomes
becomes
hydrochloric acid
perchloric acid
hydrogen chlorate
becomes
chloric acid
hydrogen chlorite
becomes
chlorous acid
hydrogen hypochlorite
becomes
hypochlorous acid
11. Give the correct formula for each of the compounds listed below.
a) citric acid
___________________________
h) phosphorous acid _________________________
c) carbonous acid ___________________________
j) sulfurous acid ___________________________
d) sulfuric acid ______ _____________________
k) carbonic acid ___________________________
e) hydroiodic acid __________________________
l) nitrous acid
f) phosphoric acid __________________________
m) hydrosulfuric acid_________________________
g) nitric acid
n) hydrochloric acid _________________________
___________________________
___________________________
12. Write the correct name for each of the following compounds.
a) HC H O
_____________________________
e) H PO
b) HI(aq)
_____________________________
f) H3PO3 (aq)
_______________________________
c) HF(aq)
_____________________________
g) H2SO4 (aq)
_______________________________
_____________________________
h) HBr
_______________________________
2
3
d) HNO3
2
(aq)
(aq)
3
4
(aq)
(aq)
_____________________________