Rap and Hip Hop Music
Note: Please look through resources very carefully. This is a controversial issue so some sources may have bias. Check
carefully for the expertise or background of the writer or contributor.
This pathfinder was made at student request, specifically for articles related to negative aspects of rap music.
Online Resources
Not all article links may work; if you experience problems with a link, please contact the library for assistance.
Gansta Rap
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Gangsta Rap – What Is Gangsta Rap
All Music: http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/gangsta-rap-d2686
Gangs and Gang Crime (2008) Michael Newton (Google books limited view)
Gangsters Encyclopedia page 59, (2007) Michael Newton (Google books limited view)
Encyclopedia of gangs page 44, Louis Kontos, David Brotherton (Google books limited view)
The Killing of Tupac Shakur Cathy Scott (Google books limited view)
Ice T Interview
Ritchie, Ryan (2007-02-28). "Eazy to be hard". Press Telegram (Los Angeles Newspaper group).
http://www.presstelegram.com/entertainment/ci_5315527. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
Deflem, Mathieu (1993). Rap, Rock, and Censorship: Popular Culture and the Technologies of Justice..
http://deflem.blogspot.com/1993/08/rap-rock-and-censorship-1993.html. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
Rude Boys, Amos Barshad, New York magazine 2011 5, retr 2012 Oct
Lewis, Angela. On Pop: Life & Style. The Independent. Retrieved on 2009-08-03.
Keepin' It Unreal — by The Village Voice
Misogyny, Homophobia and Consumerism in Hip Hop Culture
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Generation M: Misogyny in Media & Culture, documentary by Thomas Keith
Hip Hop: Beyond Beats & Rhymes, documentary by Byron Hurt
What hip-hop has done to Black women by Johnnetta B. Cole
Sexism, Hip-Hop and Misogyny at Talk of the Nation
Adams, Terri M. and Douglas B. Fuller (2006). "The Words Have Changed but the Ideology Remains the Same:
Misogynistic Lyrics in Rap Music". Journal of Black Studies 36 (6): 938-957. doi:10.1177/0021934704274072.
Oware, Matthew (2011). "Brotherly Love: Homosociality and Black Masculinity in Gangsta Rap Music". Journal of
African American Studies 15 (1): 22-39. doi:10.1007/s12111-010-9123-4.
Cheney, Charlise L. Brothers Gonna Work It Out: Sexual Politics in the Golden Age of Rap Nationalism. New York:
New York University Press, 2005, p. 5, p. 124, ISBN 978-0-8147-1612-0.
Rebollo-Gil, Guillermo; Moras, Amanda (2012). "Black Women and Black Men in Hip Hop Music: Misogyny, Violence
and the Negotiation of (White-Owned) Space". The Journal of Popular Culture 45 (1): 118–132. doi:10.1111/j.15405931.2011.00898.x.
Watts, Eric K. (1997). "An Exploration of Spectacular Consumption: Gangsta Rap as Cultural Commodity."
Communication Studies 48 (1): 42–58. doi:10.1080/10510979709368490
Pareles, John (October 07, 1990). "POP VIEW; Gangster Rap: Life and Music in the Combat Zone". The New York
Times, accessed September 25, 2011.
Search engines include Open Directory, Wiki External Links, EBSCO, JSTOR and LAPL databases
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Rap and Hip Hop Music
11. Dyson, Michael Eric. Know What I Mean?: Reflections on Hip-Hop. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2007, p. 22, ISBN
978-0-465-01716-4.(not available online but through LAPL)
12. Chang, Jeff; Zirin, David (April 29, 2007). "Not all hip-hop is misogynistic, violent". Los Angeles Times.
http://www.deseretnews.com/article/660215686/Not-all-hip-hop-is-misogynistic-violent.html. Retrieved February
22, 2012.
13. hooks, bell (February 1994). "Sexism and misogyny: Who takes the rap? Misogyny, gangsta rap, and piano", Z
Magazine, accessed October 02, 2011.
14. Perry, Imani (2004). Prophets of the hood: politics and poetics in hip hop. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 175.
ISBN 978-0-8223-3435-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=KkCDDXFPgqcC&printsec=frontcover.
15. Johnson, Leola (1996). "Rap, Misogyny and Racism". Radical America 26 (3): 7–19.
16. Katz, Jackson (June 5, 2009). Eminem, Misogyny, and the Sounds of Silence. The Huffington Post, accessed
September 27, 2011.
17. Grossmann-Heinze, Dahlia (September 12, 2011)."Tyler, the Creator Reignites Debate About Misogyny in Music".
Campus Progress, accessed September 27, 2011.
18. Maun, Kristin. "The Black Youth Project makes young people's voices heard". Chicago Foundation for Women,
accessed September 25, 2011.
19. Armstrong, Edward G. (2001). "Gangsta Misogyny: A Content Analysis of the Portrayals of Violence against Women
in Rap Music, 1987-1993". Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, 8 (2): 96-126.
20. Conrad, Kate, Travis Dixon, and Yuanyuan Zhang (2009). "Controversial Rap Themes, Gender Portrayals and Skin
Tone Distortion: A Content Analysis of Rap Music Videos". Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 53 (1): 134–
156. doi:10.1080/08838150802643795.
21. Wester, Stephen R., Cynthia L. Crown, Gerald L. Quatman and Martin Heesacker (1997). "The Influence of Sexually
Violent Rap Music on Attitudes of Men with Little Prior Exposure." Psychology of Women Quarterly 21 (4): 497-508.
doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00127.x
22. Johnson, James D., Mike S. Adams, Leslie Ashburn and William Reed (1995). "Differential gender effects of exposure
to rap music on African American adolescents' acceptance of teen dating violence". Sex Roles 33 (7-8): 597-605,
doi:10.1007/BF01544683
23. Barongan, Christy and Gordon C. Nayagama Hall (1995). "The Influence Of Misogynous Rap Music On Sexual
Aggression Against Women". Psychology of Women Quarterly 19 (2): 195-207. doi:10.1111/j.14716402.1995.tb00287.x
24. Cobb, Michael D.; Boettcher III, William A. (2007). "Ambivalent Sexism and Misogynistic Rap Music: Does Exposure
to Eminem Increase Sexism?" Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37 (12): 3025–3042. doi:10.1111/j.15591816.2007.00292.x.
25. Rudman, Laurie A.; Lee, Matthew R. (2002). "Implicit and Explicit Consequences of Exposure to Violent and
Misogynous Rap Music". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 5 (2): 133-150.
doi:10.1177/1368430202005002541.
26. Cole, Johnnetta B.; Guy-Sheftall, Berverly (2003). Gender talk: the struggle for women's equality in African American
communities. New York: Ballantine Books. p. 186.
27. Martino, Steven C. et al. (2006). "Exposure to degrading versus non-degrading music lyrics and sexual behavior
among youth". Pediatrics 118 (2): 430–441. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0131
28. Gourdine, Ruby M.; Lemmons, Brianna P. (2011). "Perceptions of Misogyny in Hip Hop and Rap: What Do the Youths
Think?". Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 21 (1): 57–72. doi:10.1080/10911359.2011.533576.
29. Arce, Rose (March 04, 2005). "Hip-hop portrayal of women protested". CNN, accessed October 03, 2011.
30. Weisstuch, Lisa (January 12, 2005). "Sexism in rap sparks black magazine to say, 'Enough!'". The Christian Science
Monitor, accessed October 03, 2011.
31. "From Imus to Industry: The Business of Stereotypes and Degrading Images". United States House Committee on
Energy and Commerce, accessed on October 05, 2011.
Search engines include Open Directory, Wiki External Links, EBSCO, JSTOR and LAPL databases
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Rap and Hip Hop Music
32. Emerson, Rana (2002). "Where my girls at? Negotiating black womanhood in music videos". Gender and Society 16
(1): 115-35. doi:10.1177/0891243202016001007
33. Aubrey, Jennifer Stevens; Frisby, Cynthia M. (2011). "Sexual Objectification in Music Videos: A Content Analysis
Comparing Gender and Genre". Mass Communication and Society 14 (4): 475–501.
doi:10.1080/15205436.2010.513468.
Academic Search Premiere Articles
How to open articles. Click on the BLUE link under the citation information for each
article. Articles are already in MLA format. Then enter the username and password for
the article database
1. Conrad, Kate, Travis L. Dixon, and Yuanyuan Zhang. "Controversial Rap Themes, Gender Portrayals And Skin Tone
Distortion: A Content Analysis Of Rap Music Videos." Journal Of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 53.1 (2009): 134156. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37154090&site=ehost-live
2. Oware, Matthew. "Brotherly Love: Homosociality And Black Masculinity In Gangsta Rap Music." Journal Of African
American Studies 15.1 (2011): 22-39. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57530021&site=ehost-live
3. Christian, Margena A. "Parental Advisory: The History Of N.W.A." Ebony 66.8 (2011): 94-99. Academic Search
Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=60675825&site=ehost-live
4. Lavery, Jane Elizabeth. "Angie Martinez: A Chameleon Artist." Journal Of Iberian & Latin American Studies 15.2/3
(2009): 153-166. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49233774&site=ehost-live
5. O'Hanlon, Leslie Harris. "Dangerous Tunes?." Current Health 2 32.5 (2006): 21. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14
Mar. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19376406&site=ehost-live
6. Morgan, Joan. "Mc Lyte." Essence (Time Inc.) 36.2 (2005): 192. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17060952&site=ehost-live
7. Greene, Stanley. "Russell Simmons--The Godfather Takes A Stand." Ebony 62.9 (2007): 78-79. Academic Search
Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25529533&site=ehost-live
8. Rodrick, Stephen. "Hip-Hop Flop." New Republic 208.6 (1993): 17-18. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12140365&site=ehost-live
9. Amber, Jeannine. "Dirty Dancing." Essence (Time Inc.) 35.11 (2005): 162-203. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14
Mar. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16103847&site=ehost-live
10. Williams, Armstrong. "The power of our words." New York Amsterdam News 30 Nov. 2006: 13. Academic Search
Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23335775&site=ehost-live
11. Mahiri, Jabari, and Erin Conner. "Black Youth Violence Has A Bad Rap." Journal Of Social Issues 59.1 (2003): 121-140.
Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9049201&site=ehost-live
12. Holmes, Michelle. "Emcee Logic." New Internationalist 456 (2012): 46. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar.
2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79921011&site=ehost-live
13. Iwamoto, Derek K., John Creswell, and Leon Caldwell. "Feeling The Beat: The Meaning Of Rap Music For Ethnically
Diverse Midwestern College Students--A Phenomenological Study." Adolescence 42.166 (2007): 337-351. Academic
Search engines include Open Directory, Wiki External Links, EBSCO, JSTOR and LAPL databases
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Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26160570&site=ehost-live
Burt-Murray, Angela. "Must Be the Music." Essence (Time Inc.) Mar. 2008: 16. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14
Mar. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=29412182&site=ehost-live
Hira, Nadira A. "Is Hip-Hop Already History?." Smithsonian 37.2 (2006): 31-32. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14
Mar. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20558747&site=ehost-live
Smith, Shawnee. "Rap Acts Return To Basics." Billboard 109.19 (1997): 18. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar.
2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9705195364&site=ehost-live
Dean, Terrance. "The Meaning Of Frank Ocean. (Cover Story)." Advocate 1062 (2012): 18-27. Academic Search
Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79983874&site=ehost-live
Cole, Johnnetta B. "What Hip-Hop Has Done To Black Women." Ebony 62.5 (2007): 90-96. Academic Search Premier.
Web. 14 Mar. 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24503934&site=ehost-live
Cannick, Jasmyne. "Hip Hop's Homophobia And Black America's Silence About It." Lesbian News 31.11 (2006): 31.
Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21093911&site=ehost-live
A.D. "Eminem Responds." Rolling Stone 846 (2000): 18. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=3384877&site=ehost-live
Donnelly, S.B. "The Fire Around The Ice." Time 139.25 (1992): 66. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9206220862&site=ehost-live
"Ice-T: Is The Issue Social Responsibility..." Time 140.3 (1992): 88. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9207202096&site=ehost-live
"MOMMA DEAREST." New Republic 10 Aug. 1992: 7. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12031626&site=ehost-live
Light, Alan. "Ice-T." Rolling Stone 641 (1992): 162. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9210120589&site=ehost-live
"...Or Is It Creative Freedom?." Time 140.3 (1992): 89. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9207202097&site=ehost-live
BAKER, GEOFFREY. "Preachers, Gangsters, Pranksters: MC Solaar And Hip-Hop As Overt And Covert Revolt." Journal
Of Popular Culture 44.2 (2011): 233-255. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59628182&site=ehost-live
Sanchez, Julian. "Illegal Music." Reason 36.7 (2004): 9. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15096634&site=ehost-live
"Straight Outta Time." People 43.14 (1995): 93. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9504037683&site=ehost-live
GALE Opposing Viewpoints in Context (requires LAPL library card)
1. Carter, Autumn. "Black Music and Black People Do Not Beget Violence." Media Violence. Ed. Noah Berlatsky. Detroit:
Greenhaven Press, 2012. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Editor's Note: Blackness Does Not Beget Violence."
Stanford Review. Vol. 7. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010153406
2. Muwakkil, Salim. "Blaming Rap and Hip-Hop for Negative Messages Distracts Us from Dealing with the Real Issues."
Sexual Violence. Ed. Louise Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Blaming HipHop for Imus." In These Times (22 May 2007). 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010163277
Search engines include Open Directory, Wiki External Links, EBSCO, JSTOR and LAPL databases
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3. Ross, Justin D. "Consumers of All Races Should Boycott Offensive Rap Music." Should Music Lyrics Be Censored? Ed.
Beth Rosenthal. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "Offended? The Rap's on Me." Washington
Post 9 Sept. 2007. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010776215
4. Zylbergold, Bonnie. "Explicit Lyrics Do Not Encourage Teen Sex." Should Music Lyrics Be Censored? Ed. Beth
Rosenthal. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "Let's Talk About Sex." American Sexuality (8 May
2008). 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010776211
5. Knoploh, Sarah. "Explicit Lyrics Encourage Teen Sex." Should Music Lyrics Be Censored? Ed. Beth Rosenthal. Detroit:
Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "Sex, Drugs, Rock 'n' Roll ... and More Sex." Culture and Media Institute.
2009. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010776210
6. Poulton, Sonia. "Hip Hop and Hip-Hop Journalism Promote Violence." Media Violence. Ed. Noah Berlatsky. Detroit:
Greenhaven Press, 2012. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Hip Hop and Violence: 'I Have to Ask Myself—Did I Help
Promote Violence?&#x0027." Independent. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010153405
7. McWhorter, John. "Hip-Hop and Rap Lyrics Have No Educational Value." Should Music Lyrics Be Censored? Ed. Beth
Rosenthal. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "Where Hiphop Is 'Going' and Where It Never Was."
The New Republic (21 May 2009). 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010776203
8. Khan, Nida. "Hip-Hop Lyrics Are No More Degrading to Women Than Other Media." Should Music Lyrics Be
Censored? Ed. Beth Rosenthal. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "In Defense of Hip-Hop."
www.womenmediacenter.com. 2007. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010776209
9. McWhorter, John. "Hip-Hop Lyrics Do Not Reflect the Reality of Most African Americans." Should Music Lyrics Be
Censored? Ed. Beth Rosenthal. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "Rap? It's the Same Old Song."
Record 4 Dec. 2005: 1. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010776207
10. "Preface to 'How Does Popular Culture Influence Society?'." Popular Culture. Ed. David Haugen and Susan Musser.
Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. Opposing Viewpoints. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010377139
11. Samad, Anthony Asadullah. "Racist and Sexist Rap Lyrics Must Be Rejected by African Americans." Should Music
Lyrics Be Censored? Ed. Beth Rosenthal. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "Imus, Repentant and
Fired—Rappers, Unrepentant and Uninspired: Now Comes the Real Challenge." Chicago Defender 101.197 (Apr.
2007): 8. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010776214
12. Lyddane, Donald. "The Rap Industry Exacerbates the Gang Problem." Gangs. Ed. William Dudley and Louise I.
Gerdes. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Understanding Gangs and Gang
Mentality: Acquiring Evidence of the Gang Conspiracy." The United States Attorneys' Bulletin 54 (May 2006): 1-14.
Search engines include Open Directory, Wiki External Links, EBSCO, JSTOR and LAPL databases
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14 Mar. 2013.
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tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010137267
Page, Clarence. "Rap Music's Focus on Pimps Harms Society." Popular Culture. Ed. John Woodward. San Diego:
Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Hearing Hip-Hop's Pathetic Message." Jewish World
Review. 2003. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010377216
Neal, Mark Anthony. "Rap Music's Focus on Pimps Does Not Harm Society." Popular Culture. Ed. John Woodward.
San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Critical Noir: Pimpin' Ain't Easy." Africana.
2003. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010377217
McWhorter, John. "Rap Music Harms the Black Community." Popular Culture. Ed. John Woodward. San Diego:
Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Rap Only Ruins." New York Post 10 Aug. 2003. 14 Mar.
2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010377211
Taylor, Carl S., and Virgil Taylor. "Rap Music Provides a Realistic View of Life." Popular Culture. Ed. John Woodward.
San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Hip-Hop and Youth Culture: Contemplations
on an Emerging Cultural Phenomenon." www.juyc.org. 2004. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010377210
Hagedorn, John M. "The Relationship Between Rap and Gangs Has Been Misunderstood." A World of Gangs: Armed
Young Men and Gangsta Culture. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2008. 93-98. Rpt. in Gangs. Ed.
William Dudley and Louise I. Gerdes. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010137268
Abram, Malcolm X. "Society Will Not Suffer If Music Lyrics Are Censored." Should Music Lyrics Be Censored? Ed. Beth
Rosenthal. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "Will Imus' Downfall Uplift Rap?" Akron Beacon
Journal 19 Apr. 2007. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010776204
Goodwin, Michele. "Some Rap Music Promotes Sexual Violence." Sexual Violence. Ed. Louise Gerdes. Detroit:
Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Take the Debate Over Degrading Rap Videos Off Mute."
Christian Science Monitor. 2006. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010163276
Morrison, Brent. "Violent Rap Lyrics Can Encourage Violent Behavior." Popular Culture. Ed. John Woodward. San
Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Mean Music: Violent Lyrics and Aggression."
http://brentmorrison.com. 2003. 14 Mar. 2013.
http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/ic/ovic/PageFinderPortletPage/PageFinderPortletWindow?javax.portlet.ac
tion=doSearch&action=1&avoidSearchHistory=true&query=RN+EJ3010377227
Pintado-Vertner, Ryan. "Ethnic Diversity in the Fashion Industry Is Improving." The Fashion Industry. Ed. Roman
Espejo. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "From Sweatshop to Hip-Hop." ColorLines
17 (Summer 2002): 35. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
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Rap and Hip Hop Music
22. Palango, Paul. "Gangsta Rap Music Contributes to Gang-Related Juvenile Crime." Juvenile Crime. Ed. Auriana Ojeda.
San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2002. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Danger Signs." Maclean's (18 Dec. 1997).
Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
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23. Nordlinger, Jay. "The Glamorization of Guns in Rap Music Is a Serious Problem." Is Media Violence a Problem? Ed.
James D. Torr. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2002. At Issue. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
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24. Rosen, Hillary B. "The Problem of Violent Themes in Popular Music Is Exaggerated." Is Media Violence a Problem? Ed.
James D. Torr. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2002. At Issue. Rpt. from "statement before the Senate Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation." 2000. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
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25. Allen, Harry. "Rap Music Does Not Promote Sexual Violence." Sexual Violence. Ed. Mary E. Williams and Tamara L.
Roleff. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1997. Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 14 Mar.
2013.
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26. Jipping, Thomas L. "Rap Music Leads to Youth Violence." Media Violence. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. San Diego:
Greenhaven Press, 2004. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Diagnosing the Cultural Virus." The World & I 14 (July
1999): 80. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
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27. Phillips, Robert T.M. "Rap Music Promotes Sexual Violence." Sexual Violence. Ed. Mary E. Williams and Tamara L.
Roleff. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1997. Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 14 Mar.
2013.
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28. Tatum, Becky L. "Studies Have Not Established a Link Between Rap Music and Youth Violence." Media Violence. Ed.
Louise I. Gerdes. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "The Link Between Rap Music
and Youth Crime and Violence: A Review of the Literature and Issues for Future Research." Justice Professional 11
(Feb. 1999): 339. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
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29. Stack, Pat. "Violent Rap Lyrics Are Not a Significant Contributor to Violent Behavior." Popular Culture. Ed. John
Woodward. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Talking Rap." Socialist Review
(Feb. 2003). Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
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30. Pelley, Debbie. "Violent Song Lyrics Encourage Aggressive Behavior in Children." Violent Children. Ed. Hayley Mitchell
Huagen. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004. At Issue. Rpt. from "Labels and Lyrics: Do Parental Advisory Stickers
Inform Consumers and Parents?" 1998. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
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