EIA of Pipeline Terminal for storage and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Marketing of Petroleum Products At Tikri
Kalan, Delhi Including Pipeline from Mathura-Jalandhar Pipeline (MJPL)
CHAPTER-4
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & MITIGATION
MEASURES
4.0
Introduction
The previous chapters describe probable impacts identification on each
component of the environment and the compilation of the existing baseline
data of those components. The quantification of likely impacts and their
evaluation/assessment are discussed in succeeding paragraphs.
Prediction of impacts is the most important component of an EIA study.
Many scientific techniques and methodologies are available to predict
impacts on physico-ecological and socio-economic environment. The
prediction of the impacts helps to identify the gaps and implement
Environmental Management Plan during and after the execution of the
developmental activity to minimize the deterioration of environmental
quality.
In the present study, the most probable impact on various components of
the surrounding environment viz. air, noise, water, land, biological and
socio-economic, due to the proposed development has been predicted.
4.1
Air Environment
The proposed pipeline project would not result in increase in air pollution.
In view of this no additional air pollution control measure is needed .On
the other hand, if required other pollution control measure will be adapted.
4.2
Noise Environment
Sources of noise during operational phases and their predicted impacts
are discussed below:
4.2.1 Noise Generation During Operation
During operational phase of the pipeline the noise is generated due to
various equipments, besides road ,traffic will also contributes to the noise
levels in the area. However during construction phase noise will be
generated due to momentum of heavy vehicle but it will be temporary in
nature.
54
MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI
EIA of Pipeline Terminal for storage and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Marketing of Petroleum Products At Tikri
Kalan, Delhi Including Pipeline from Mathura-Jalandhar Pipeline (MJPL)
4.2.2 Propagative Modeling
The sound power radiated by a source spreads in the space as the
pressure waves travel outwards. Hence, it decreases with distance and
also gets affected by environmental conditions.
Prediction of anticipated noise levels is the most critical step in
assessment of the impacts of any development on the noise environment.
Two simple models for noise level predictions are point source and line
source model.
Point source Model
Point source propagation can be defined as:
P2 = P1 – 20 log (r2/r1) – Ae
Where,
P1 = Sound level at station 1
P2 = Sound level at station 2
r1 = Distance of station 1 from source
r2 = Distance of station 2 from source
Ae = Attenuation by environmental factors
If we take Ae = 0, then
P1 – P2 = 20 log (r2/r1)
This means that for every doubling of distance, the sound level decreases
by 6 dB(A). This point source relationship is called the inverse square law
and applicable for single noise generating source.
Line source Model
Line source propagation occurs when there is a continuous stream of
noise sources. Line source propagation prediction is as follows:
P1 – P2 = 10 log (r2/r1)
The decrease in sound level for each doubling of distance from a line
source is 3 dB(A). When noise levels from a busy highway are considered,
it is appropriate to utilize the highway as an infinite line source and
consider a 3 dB(A) doubling distance propagation rate.
4.2.3 Impacts Due to Project
Simulation carried out for the proposed project with the help of above
model indicates that the impact of noise levels would be restricted within
the plant limits and is of concern for work place environment rather than
55
MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI
EIA of Pipeline Terminal for storage and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Marketing of Petroleum Products At Tikri
Kalan, Delhi Including Pipeline from Mathura-Jalandhar Pipeline (MJPL)
the outside plant area. The monitored noise level in the vicinity of the plant
boundary shall be maximum, 72 dB(A), and minimum during day time,
and 40 dB(A), and maximum, 65 dB(A), and minimum, 36 dB(A) during
night time against National Ambient Noise Standards of 75 dB(A) for day
and 70 dB(A) for night for the industrial zone.
The noise level in the nearby residential localities was less than the
industrial areas, as monitored during study. However, due to increased
vehicular movement for loading and unloading during the operational
phase of the proposed project, there might be some increase in the
background noise levels. It may be further noted that these predicated
noise levels did not account for any constructional hindrances in the way
of these noise generating sources.
4.3
Water Environment
Industrial wastewaters, if discharged into surface or ground waters can
result in significant deterioration in its quality. The extent of such
influences, in addition to wastewater characteristics and quantity, also
depends upon characteristics and quantity of available water in the water
body used for the disposal.
4.4 Land Environment
4.4.1 Impact on Soil
As discussed earlier there is no discharge of treated liquid effluent
generated from the proposed plant. Also effluent after treatment does not
contain any harmful pollutants to deteriorate soil characteristics on
percolation.
4.5
Biological Environment
The existence of certain type of flora and fauna is the result of a long
drawn natural process involving complex interaction between the
prevailing meteorological conditions (cumulative effect of various climatic
parameters) and the location specific geo-topo features of the land mass
in a particular region. The nature has an inbuilt and interwoven network of
processes of major concern which are, otherwise, directly or indirectly
interlinked with each other. Thus, any man-made alternation or deviation
from the set natural course would obviously exert certain effects, which
may be either positive or negative on the existing flora and fauna.
56
MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI
EIA of Pipeline Terminal for storage and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Marketing of Petroleum Products At Tikri
Kalan, Delhi Including Pipeline from Mathura-Jalandhar Pipeline (MJPL)
Hence, the scope and relationship of the plants and animals with the
surrounding environment has to be examined in the context of the man
made project specific development, be it an industrial venture, irrigation
works, transport communication network, urbanization project etc. Further,
to circumvent the adverse effect, if any, it also becomes mandatory to
make some conscientious approach or to foster a systematic
understanding and the relationship between man made efforts and the
environmental resources. As given below, the impacts have been
categorized into two broad types, namely,
1.
2.
Those connected to construction phase and
That likely to accrue after the project becomes operational.
4.5.1 Impact on Natural Resource Soil or Agricultural Land
In the post operational stage, no impact on the soils at site is envisaged as
no acquisition of land was required due to its location in MCD area.
4.5.2 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology (Flora and Fauna)
A common apprehension of setting-up a project or an industrial complex at
any place is the adverse impact on the wild life and the ecologically
sensitive areas. Pertaining to the aforesaid project, extensive observations
made so far have not revealed the existence of any endangered flora and
fauna in the immediate surrounding of the project site and in a study area
of 15 km radius. Hence, the possibility of adverse impact on the prevailing
ecological environment was negligible.
4.5.3 Impact on Forest & Wild Life
There would not be any impact on the Forest and Wild life, as no forest
area and wild life was present in the study area.
4.5.4 Impact on Aquatic Ecology
The study area as such did s not have any significant water body.
57
MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI
EIA of Pipeline Terminal for storage and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Marketing of Petroleum Products At Tikri
Kalan, Delhi Including Pipeline from Mathura-Jalandhar Pipeline (MJPL)
4.6 Socio-Economic Environment
4.6.1 Introduction
Many major impacts associated with certain proposed actions are
observed by changes in socio-economic factors in the project area and
surrounding region. These changes may be beneficial or detrimental.
Emphasis in this category of environment includes cultural, economic and
basic human requirements like education, employment, health, water,
power, transport and communication.
4.6.2 Impact on Cultural Resources
One of the major concerns associated with such an activity is related to
the potential impact on cultural resources, which include architectural,
historical and archaeological sites, as well as areas of unique importance
due to their ecological, scientific, or geological importance. The sphere of
cultural resources includes not only the precise limits of the project area,
but also all surrounding lands (15 km radius from plant) on which the
project may have a reasonably direct impact by modifying land use pattern
or by opening areas for agriculture or for public use. Cultural resources
are becoming more and more important with the growing realization that
our environment and civilization are the products of history. Cultural
resources are non renewable and this feature in itself is one reason that
these resources are important.
Impacts on cultural resources broadly include indentation, destruction,
damage and disruption. Impacts can directly result from construction
phase disturbances or indirectly as a result of land use changes,
secondary growth and development.
The study area primarily consists of agricultural land, apart from local
village areas. Local resources of importance to ethnic groups, such as
burial grounds and cemeteries or areas of unique religion importance such
as temples, mosques etc. do not have any adverse impact, direct or
indirect from the proposed pipeline project.
4.6.3 Impact on Economic Features
The overall economic impact due to the project is favourable as new areas
adjoining the plant for providing utilities and services to the workers and
staff members have also developed. This has increased the overall
income due to indirect business generated and also exchequers due to
the project establishment.
58
MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI
EIA of Pipeline Terminal for storage and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Marketing of Petroleum Products At Tikri
Kalan, Delhi Including Pipeline from Mathura-Jalandhar Pipeline (MJPL)
Summary of the mitigation measures during construction of loop line and
modification in pumping stations are tabulated as Table-4.1.
TABLE 4.1. SUMMARY OF MITIGATION MEASURES
S.
No.
1
Problem
Generation
Particulates
Location
of


Along
the
pipeline ROU
At campsites
Quantification
Not quantified
Significance
Rating
B
C
Proposed Measures



2
Generation of Noise

Along
the
pipeline ROU
Not quantified
B

A



3
Soil & Geology
Soil erosion
Applicable
proposed
ROU
to the
pipeline
Not
quantified;
initiates a chain
of impacts
A




4.
Stability of slopes


At cutting
At fragile and
precarious areas
Not quantified
A



5
Hydrology
Surface
water
contamination
 Increased
sedimentation
 Spillage
and
sanitary wastes




Along
the
pipeline ROU
Soil
erosion
prone area
At water body
crossings
Near campsites
Not quantified
C




Spraying of water
Reducing speed of
vehicles
Deploying vehicles
with PUC certificate
Restricted operation
in the night time
Adopting controlled
blasting techniques
Selection
of
machinery
generating
noise
less than 90 db
Fitting
on
noise
attenuation devices
Water
bars;
stabilization
of
slopes
Controlled discharge
of hydrostatic water
Conducing
construction
activities in nonmonsoon season
Oil spill prevention
measures
Stabilization
of
slopes using rip-rap
technique
Vegetation and revegetation
Conducting
construction
activities in nonmonsoon season
Soil erosion control
measures
Restricted
and
controlled activities
at
water
body
crossing
Waste management
and spill control
Treatment
of
59
MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI
EIA of Pipeline Terminal for storage and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Marketing of Petroleum Products At Tikri
Kalan, Delhi Including Pipeline from Mathura-Jalandhar Pipeline (MJPL)
sanitary wastes
6
7
Ground
water Not expected
contamination
Land Use and Aesthetics
Land
use
and  Along the 8 km.
Aesthetics
pipeline ROU
 At campsites
 At other utilities
like
scraper
stations
Not quantifiable
B



8
Biological Environment
Flora and Vegetation
Removal
of  Along the pipeline
vegetation
ROU
 At campsites

Limited
to
ROU in loop
line.
B



09
Fauna and Wildlife
Loss of wildlife
No wildlife habitation
proximity to pipeline
route
Not applicable
-




10
11
12.
13
Loss
of
habitat
wildlife
No wild life habitation
proximity to pipeline
route
Not applicable
Socio-Economic and Cultural Environmental
Human habitations  No
major Not quantified,
affected
habitation falling but
critical
within 100m of the locations
are
ROU
identified
 A few villages
with in 500 m.
Economic
Along the pipeline Not quantified.
implications
ROU
The implications
with regard to
loss of seasonal
crops
and
plantations are
identified
Agriculture lands
 Along the pipeline No
agriculture
ROU (temporary)
land shall be
used
for
Contouring of the
affected areas
Cleaning the ROU
stretch immediately
after
the
construction
activities are over
Restoration and revegetation to the
best possible extent
Limit activities to the
ROU
Restoration and revegetation
Compensatory
vegetation
Strictly
prohibiting
hunting and similar
activities
Restricting
the
speed of movement
f vehicles
Keeping
“trench
plugs” at strategic
locations
Shifting the nests,
wherever possible
-

B
Villagers in the proximity
will kept informed on the
project activities
A


B

Compensation to the
affected people
Employment,
wherever possible,
to the unskilled local
people
Compensation
for
the loss of crop and
devaluation
of
60
MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI
EIA of Pipeline Terminal for storage and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Marketing of Petroleum Products At Tikri
Kalan, Delhi Including Pipeline from Mathura-Jalandhar Pipeline (MJPL)
intermediate
station


14

Infrastructure

Near
human
habitations
Road and railway
crossings
15
Social conflicts
Along
route
16
Political conflicts
-
17
Historic
archaeological
importance
and
Along
ROU
the
the
pipeline
pipeline
Not quantified
-
Not quantifiable
C
Not quantifiable
C
No structure on
the
surface
possibilities are
there of subsurface structure
C
agriculture
lands.
Land will be restored
to
near
original
contours, so as to
minimize the loss of
fertility of the top soil
Restoration of the
land
Management
of
topsoil

Rehabilitation of the
affected
infrastructure
components
 Leaving behind the
infrastructure
facilities
like
approach roads and
facilities
at
the
campsites for the
local inhabitants
 Keeping
good
relationship with the
local people
 Keeping
them
informed on the
project and project
development
Keeping the key players
informed on the pros
and cons of the project
Inform the concerned
authority in case of
coming
across
any
structure
of
archaeological
significance
61
MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI