Five Models for Teaching Health
1. Task Analysis Model: Used to teach a skill or to teach a complex concept. Knowledge or skill is divided into
sequential parts for learning. Prerequisite knowledge necessary for the successful completion of the skill
or understanding of the complex concept is identified in the lesson concept section along with the major
fact of the lesson. The lesson cues are presented using a concept map. The student activity makes use of a
check list ( CPR, pulse, blood pressure, circulatory system; decision-making process, refusal skills, problemsolving process, steps for analyzing advertisements). This model is fully teacher directed.
2. Inquiry Model: Uses questions to teach content. The teaching cues of the lesson appear in the form of five
different types of open ended questions. Anticipated answers to those questions are provided in the
teaching cues after each question. In each lesson using this model, students ask, investigate, create,
discuss, and reflect. Examples of appropriate learning activities include discovery activities, experiments,
Web Quests, research projects, art-based activities, small group problem-solving activities. Students
reflect on the group process and on the perceived level of learning. This model is moderately teacher
directed (facilitation) and more student focused.
3. Apprenticeship Model: Peer teaching (more skilled student facilitating learning of less skilled student).
Groups can include one to two less skilled students with one trained peer leader. The model uses a pre-post
test to identify the peer leaders and then to measure learning after the social interactive lesson.The model
requires training of the peer leaders in the skill and/or knowledge of the lesson. Along with the peer
leader training sessions, the teacher also provides several reflection sessions for the peer leaders. At
these sessions, peer leaders reflect on the techniques that have been successful and they share ways to
improve the interaction with their learners. The peer teacher asks questions, assists in tasks of learning,
provides positive reinforcement, and demonstrates how the knowledge is applied to real life. This model is
moderately teacher directed (facilitation) and even more student focused.
4. Synetics Model: This is problem-solving “out of the box”. The lesson is conducted in small groups and is a
highly creative approach to learning. Three types of analogies are used (direct, personal, and symbolic) as
students work at fully understanding the assigned problem and establishing a creative solution. This model
is minimally teacher directed and fully student focused.
5. Service Learning Model: This model applies what the student is learning in the classroom to a service
activity/project in the school or community. Students plan, implement, evaluate, and reflect on the
service-learning activity. This model is minimally teacher directed and fully student focused.