Supplementary Table 1 : Possible sources for migration in the population. Two sources of possible migration were considered: (i) seeds and (ii) pollen. For (i), this includes all the varieties that have been cultivated in the same plot as the population during the two preceding years; for (ii), this includes all the varieties that were cultivated in the nearest fields during the same year. These varieties are listed below with the number of alleles they share with the parents of the population. Out of the new alleles observed in G10 and G15, none were present in the four varieties. Name of the variety generation of possible contamination number of loci with alleles shared with the parents (out of 21 loci) number of missing data (out of 21 loci) Recital Festival Soissons Thesee G7 G7 G10 G10 16 13 15 18 5 7 3 3 Supplementary Table 2: Characteristics of the 21 microsatellite loci used in this study. Locus Xgwm135 Xgwm149 Xgwm181 * Xgwm257 Xgwm260 * Xgwm261 Xgwm272 * Xgwm312 * Xgwm325 Xgwm400 Xgwm408 * Xgwm413 Xgwm415 Xgwm427 * Xgwm437 * Xgwm480 Xgwm626 Xgwm642 * Xgwm664 Cfd71_D * Cfd71_A NPA 6 3 6 2 5 5 4 5 4 6 2 6 3 5 8 2 3 3 2 5 2 NNA 0 0 4 0 4 0 1 4 0 0 3 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 5 0 M GA GA GA GT GA CT CA GA CT CA CA TA GA GA CA CA CT CT CA CT GT GT GA CA GA CA GA MT S S S S S S S S S S C S S C S C C S S C C MP P P P P P P I P P P P P I P P P P I P P P NRb 20 23 28 30 20 21 17 37 16 21 22 18 25 31 24 16 13 14 22 30 30 GGP 0.13 0.29 0.91 0.39 0.00 0.68 1 0.35 0.32 0.99 0.57 0.04 0.61 0.82 0.19 0.56 0.48 0.50 0.20 . . GL A B B B A D D A D B B B A A D A B D D D A HCab NACab 0.454 19 0.440 9 0.659 16 0.567 5 0.743 18 0.553 14 0.612 6 0.761 22 0.606 10 0.685 17 0.710 18 0.711 15 0.641 8 0.811 18 0.645 20 0.215 11 0.387 5 0.449 6 0.118 3 0.778 18 0.386 7 NPA: number of parental alleles; NNA: number of new alleles; MT: motif type with simple (repetition of a single motif; S) or complex (C) motif; MP (information available for the Chinese Spring genotype, Roder et al. 1998): motif perfection with perfect (P) or imperfect (I) motif; NR: number of repeats as defined in Chinese Spring (Röder et al, 1998); GGP: GrainGenes position (relative distance between the locus and the centromere calculated from the ITMI map GrainGenes database: http://www.graingenes.org/cgibin/ace/search/graingenes); GL: genome location; HC: Nei polymorphism index in a wheat collection of 559 accessions (Roussel et al. 2004); NAC: number of alleles in the wheat collection. Characteristics of microsatellites with a significant effect on the number of parental alleles and/or the number of new alleles are marked with exponent a and/or b respectively. Loci with new alleles are annotated. Supplementary Figure1 : Multiple sequence alignment of three alleles of the population and one allele of Aegilops tauschii obtained with the microsatellite locus Xgwm642. Xgwm642-C Xgwm642-M Xgwm642-Z Xgwm642-Ae.t ....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....| 5 15 25 35 45 ACGGCGAGAAGGTGCTCGCTCTTTAGTGACACTTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGT ACGGCGAGAAGGTGCTCGCTCTTTAGTGACACTTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGT ACGGCGAGAAGGTGCTCGCTCTTTAGTGACACTTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGT ACGGCGAGAAGGTGCTCGCTCTTTAGTGACACTTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGT Xgwm642-C Xgwm642-M Xgwm642-Z Xgwm642-Ae.t ....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....| 55 65 75 85 95 GTGTGTGTGCGTGTGTGGCTAGAGTGCGTTGCAACAAAAGCGCAAAGTGA GTGTGTGTGTGTGT--GGCTAGAGTGCGTTGCAACAAAAGCGCAAAGTGA GTGTGTGTGTGT----GGCTAGAGTGCGTTGCAACAAAAGCGCAAAGTGA GTGT------------GGCTAGAGTGCGTTGCAACAAAAGCGCAAAGTGA Xgwm642-C Xgwm642-M Xgwm642-Z Xgwm642-Ae.t ....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....| 105 115 125 135 145 AGGGATATGTGCTGCCGGGAAGCCCGGGGCAGTGTGGTTGG AGGGATATGTGCTGCCGGGAAGCCCGGGGCAGTGTGGTTGG AGGGATATGTGCTGCCGGGAAGCCCGGGGCAGTGTGGTTGG AGGGATATGTGCTGCCGGGAAGCCCGGGGCAGTGTGGTTGG Xgwm642-C : Parental allele Courtot (BV676500, NCBI) Xgwm642-M : G1 new allele (BV676501, NCBI) Xgwm642-Z : Parental allele Zenith (BV676502, NCBI) Xgwm642-Ae.t. : Aegilops tauschii (AF497474, NCBI) Dashes indicate gaps in the number of repeats.