BIO202 Lecture Assignment #5
Name:
Several events in maintaining acid/base equilibrium are linked. These tendencies should be learned and understood (be able to explain the basis for the connection) before continuing. Review the following conditions and their “connections”:
1) As respiration rate increases (________-ventilation) the level of CO
2
(P
CO
2
) in blood will ____________.
2) As respiration rate decreases (________-ventilation) P
CO
2
will ____________.
STOP: Why do #1 & 2 occur? Explain it in your own terms.
3) As (P
CO
2
) increases , more _____ + will accumulate causing the pH of blood to ____________.
4) As (P
CO
2
) decreases , less _____
+
will accumulate causing the pH of blood to ____________.
STOP: Why is blood pH and P CO
2
“linked”? Explain it using a balanced chemical equilibrium reaction.
5) As blood pH decreases (becomes more __________), the respiratory centers in the brain will become
_________________ which will cause ventilation rate & depth to _________________.
6) As blood pH increases (becomes more __________), the respiratory centers in the brain will become
_________________ which will cause ventilation rate & depth to _________________.
STOP: Review this “connection” between pH and ventilation. Explain how blood CO
2
level affects ventilation:
7) The lungs (respiratory system) are used to regulate the level of CO
2
in blood while the _______________
(_________________system) are used to regulate the level of HCO
3
in the blood.
STOP: Describe what each system does in order to alter these levels. Explain HOW is each system doing this?
8) Two general types of acid/base imbalances are termed _____________________acidosis/alkalosis or
_____________________acidosis/alkalosis based on the cause of the imbalance. Two examples of this are:
9) ________ventilation = P
CO
2
= _____ blood H
+
levels = _____ blood pH = respiratory ____________;
Excess _____
+
or loss of ______
-
in blood = _____ blood pH = metabolic ____________
STOP: if you do not understand this or have to rely on your text, practice again then continue. . .
10) While ________________acidosis/alkalosis is compensated by altering activity of the lungs (also known as
“___________________ compensation”), ___________________ acidosis/alkalosis is compensated for by
altering activity of the ___________________ (which is known as “________________ compensation”).

BIO202 Lecture Quiz A
Name:
1) Complete the following equilibrium reaction for carbon dioxide dissolved in blood:
__________-ventilation increases
CO
2
+ __________
__________-ventilation removes carbonic anhydrase
__________ H + + __________
2) For each of the following conditions listed in column [A], circle the correct corresponding event or term in
column [B] associated with that condition.
This Condition:
Is Directly Correlated
With This Event: hyperventilation P
CO
2 blood CO
2
levels acidosis / alkalosis
P
CO
2 blood pH hypoventilation metabolic alkalosis
P
CO
2 blood pH respiratory acidosis renal excretion of HCO
3
acidosis / alkalosis blood HCO
Hb-O
Hb-O
2
2 blood CO blood pH
2
3
-
levels
dissociation
binding
levels
…Which Stimulates or Causes This
Counteracting Response or Condition: hyperventilation / hypoventilation increased / decreased O to tissues increased / decreased O to tissues
2
2
delivery
delivery renal retention of HCO
3
hypoventilation / hyperventilation

BIO202 Lecture Quiz A
When analyzing acid/base balances in patients, follow these basic steps in order:
1) Note the pH: pH < 7.35 = acidosis (go to step 2a ) pH > 7.45 = alkalosis (go to step 2b)
2) Check P
CO
2
: a) For patient with acidosis:
if P
CO
2
> 45 = respiratory acidosis (respiratory cause) (go to step 3b)
if P
CO
2
< 35 = probably metabolic acidosis (with respiratory compensation) (go to step 3a)
if P
CO
2
is normal = probably metabolic acidosis (with no respiratory compensation) (go to step 3a) b) For patient with alkalosis:
if P
CO
2
> 45 = probably metabolic alkalosis (with respiratory compensation) (go to step 3a)
if P
CO
2
< 35 = respiratory alkalosis (respiratory cause) (go to step 3b)
if P
CO
2
is normal = probably metabolic alkalosis (with no respiratory compensation) (go to step 3a)
3) Check HCO
3
-
levels: a) For acid/base imbalances NOT caused by respiratory (determined in by P
CO
2
):
if HCO
3
-
levels < 22 = metabolic acidosis
if HCO
3
-
levels > 26 = metabolic alkalosis b) For acid/base imbalances CAUSED by respiratory (determined in by P
CO
2
):
if in respiratory acidosis AND HCO
3
-
levels > 26 = renal compensation
if in respiratory alkalosis AND HCO
3
levels < 22 = renal compensation
if in respiratory acidosis or alkalosis AND HCO
3
-
levels are normal = no renal compensation
Using the above information, circle the correct change in pH, P
CO
2
, and HCO
3
levels that would be seen in each of the following acid/base imbalances:
Normal Plasma pH P
CO
2
Ranges 7.35-7.45 35-45 mmHg
HCO
3
-
22-26 mEq/L
Acid/base imbalance:
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
(when compensating)
(when compensating)
(when compensating)
(when compensating)

BIO202 Lecture Quiz A
For each of the following case problems, identify and interpret the important factors in each:
Case 1) Blood values: pH 7.30; P
CO
2
25 mmHg; HCO
3
-
18 mEq/L pH indicates: _______________________
P
CO
2
indicates: _________________________________
HCO
3
-
indicates: _________________________________
Interpretation (list what disorders may be causing this acid/base imbalance):
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Case 2) Blood values: pH 7.30; P
CO
2
51 mmHg; HCO
3
-
25 mEq/L pH indicates: _______________________
P
CO
2
indicates: _________________________________
HCO
3
indicates: _________________________________
Interpretation (list what disorders may be causing this acid/base imbalance):
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Case 3) Blood values: pH 7.49; P
CO
2
47 mmHg; HCO
3
33 mEq/L pH indicates: _______________________
P
CO
2
indicates: _________________________________
HCO
3
-
indicates: _________________________________
Interpretation (list what disorders may be causing this acid/base imbalance):
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________