S1 Science
Rocks
NEW LEARNING
REVISION
Having explored the
substances that make
up Earth's surface, I
can compare some of
their characteristics
and uses.
SCN 2-17a
Through evaluation of a
range of data, I can
describe the formation,
characteristics and uses of
soils, minerals and basic
types of rocks.
SCN 3-17a
Starter Questions
1. What do you think the Earth is made
of?
2. Are rocks: Alive, Dead or Never Alive?
3. Write down 3 words to describe rocks.
Structure of the Earth
Today we will learn to
Describe the layers which make up
planet Earth
We will do this by
Listening to a description, drawing a
diagram and answering questions.
We will have succeeded if
We can describe the Earth to an alien
(or our parents!).
Inside the Earth
Inside the Earth
Inside the Earth
• Inner Core: Mostly iron, dense ________,
temperature about ________!
• Outer Core: Mostly iron, dense ________,
temperature about__________.
• Mantle: Less dense than _________,
temperature about ________.
• Crust: Between __ and 90km thick. Least
dense rock, __________ part.
• Today we’ll be…..
• Learning how different types of rock form.
• By the end of the next couple of lessons...
• You will be able to explain how crystals form
inside rocks
• We’ll do this by….
• Examining different rock types, watching a
film about how they form, and answering some
questions.
Weathering breaks
down rocks.
igneous rocks
volcano
basalt
Magma
rises to
the surface
where it
cools rapidly.
Rocks rise
to the surface by
uplift and erosion.
igneous rocks
granite
slow
solidification
magma
melt
transportation
and deposition
sea
sedimentary rocks
mudstone
high pressure
and temperature
metamorphic rocks
slate and marble
• Today we’ll be…..
• Learning how crystals form in igneous rock.
• By the end of the lesson...
• You will be able to explain why crystals in rock
are different sizes.
• We’ll do this by….
• Doing an experiment to cool hot liquid and
examining what it looks like afterwards.
Crystals in Igneous Rock
Crystals in Igneous Rock
Crystals in Igneous Rock
• The crystals in _______ rock form as the hot
m_______ (lava) cools down.
• Different sized crystals form because the
magma _______ at different rates in different
places, dependent on the t__________.
Crystals in Igneous Rock
• The crystals in igneous rock form as the hot
magma (lava) cools down.
• Different sized crystals form because the
magma cools at different rates in different
places, dependent on the
temperature.
Sedimentary Rocks
How They are Made
• Wind and water break down existing rocks
• Bits of existing rock settle in lakes and
rivers
• Layers are formed and build up as the
existing rocks stick together
• Pressure and time turn the layers to
sedimentary rock
Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Sandstone
Mudstone
Gypsum
Rock Salt
Limestone
Coal
Metamorphic Rocks
What are They?
•
•
•
•
Rocks that have changed
They were once igneous or sedimentary
Pressure and heat changed the rocks
The newly formed metamorphic rock can
have different properties to the rock it
was formed from
Types of Metamorphic Rocks
Gneiss
marble
Slate
Mica schist
Rocks Have Been Used For Many Years
and
For Many Things
What type of Rock are the following
made from ?
The White House
Taj Mahal
Made from sandstone
then painted white
Made from Indian marble
S1 Earth & Rocks Topic
HARD ROCK INVESTIGATION
• Today we’ll be…..
• Learning how fossils form in sedimentary
rock.
• By the end of the lesson...
• You will be able to explain how fossils were
preserved on the sea bed.
• We’ll do this by….
• Doing an experiment to look at how fossils
were preserved and discussing fossils
Has our country always been
here?
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/fossils-on-streedagh-beach-in-ireland/7792.html
• Most of our country is made from
sedimentary rock – what does this tell
you?
• Our land was once underwater!
Fossils
• Fossils are traces of prehistoric life
• They are plants or animals that were
buried in sediment and preserved
• Usually it was the print that was left –
the rock in the shape of the animal or
plant
• The types of fossils in an area give clues
to the area’s history
Making fossils – 1 between 2
• Put your initials on the cardboard and tape
your cardboard in a circle
• Put plasticine in the bottom of the
cardboard and make an impression of your
shell in this – this is your mould
• Add 40ml of water to the plaster of paris
– gently squeeze the bag until all of the
water is gone
• Pour the plaster into your mould and leave
it on the window ledge to set
• Today we’ll be…..
• Learning what soil is made of.
• By the end of the lesson...
• You will be able to explain what the three
main components of soil are.
• We’ll do this by….
• Doing an experiment to heat soil and weighing
it before and after.
Soil
• What do you think of soil?
• It doesn’t look like much, but it is full of
life
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips
/what-is-soil/2215.html
Soil Calculation
Composition of Soil
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Weight of empty dish
Weight of dish and soil
Weight of soil
(2-1)
Weight of dish and dry soil
Weight of water
(2-4)
Weight of dish and burned
soil
Weight of humus
(4-6)
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
Percentage of water in soil
= [Weight of water/weight of soil] x 100
= [5/3]x100 = ________x100
=
%