Cultural Resource Management Law
Three Case Studies
Broadlawns Medical Center Cell Tower, 2001
Carlisle, Iowa Cell Tower, 2001
James J. Hill House, 2003
Purposes:
•To examine several of cases where
CRM laws, especially Section 106,
have applied
•To consider differing outcomes,
dependent on conditions of each case
Carlisle, Iowa
Cell Tower 2001
Carlisle, Iowa Cell Tower
An Early Iowa Industrial Center
Parmelee Lumber
and Flour Mill 1843
Carlisle Brick and Tile, 1936-1960s
Carlisle Brick and Tile Works, 1950s
Overview of Carlisle
Project Area
Pre-construction
Getting Started: Phase 1
Using Heavy Equipment
for Subsurface Testing
Results? A buried brick floor at
the tower center-point
A Very Heavy-duty Auger
Auger at Work
The Cage
Ground Loop
Done!
Broadlawns
Medical
Center
Two Woodland Tradition
Burial Mounds Damaged
Taking Down the Tower
The crane alone cost about $120,000!
What’s left to get rid of?
Plenty!
Unfortunately, only one
of the mounds
The Hospital, State Archaeologist, Iowa
Indian Advisory Board, and the Cell Phone
Company agree on what to do…
Howard
Matalba
Maria Pearson, Shirley
Schermer, Steve
Dasovich
…rebuild the mounds and restore the area.
The Process
Selecting Clean Fill
Strip off the ground cover
Cleaning up the site
Jackhammer away the top
3’ of the support
Figuring out the
height of the mound
Bringing in Fill
Moundbuilding, 2001
Seeding and installing
natural ground cover
Watching the grass grow
The Cost?
About $1,500,000
$85,000 for landscaping
$200,000 for ground work
$120,000 for the crane
$1,195,000 for two new
towers
Digging on the Hillside
Archaeology at the
James J. Hill House, 2003
Prepared by
Archaeology
Larry J. Zimmerman
Image, Power, and (Crumbling) Architecture




Image & power
Gardens & glory
As the power fades
The irony of time: the
archaeology of inequality
 Homeless people and their
“stuff”
The Project:
Restoration of Hillside Retaining Walls and
Fixing Drainage Problems
 Drainage issues & damage
 Big cistern upslope
 Nothing lasts forever
 Doing Archaeology before
restoration
 Why do archaeology?
 Documenting construction
methods
 Documenting current
condition of walls
 Documenting material
culture
Drainage Issues
The problem starts at the cistern and ends up
at the retaining walls downslope.
The Cause? The Big Cistern
Damage
Doing Hillside Archaeology
 UM Practicum in
Archaeology
– Spring 2003
– 15 students
– Prof. Fred Cooper
 Continued excavations
through late July
 Monitored construction
until late November
Getting Some Background
Training Students



Documentation methods
– Note taking
– Photography
Mapping
Excavation techniques
– Shovels, trowels, and
screens
Buried Walls
& Structural
Puzzles
Why do archaeology?
Archaeology can tell us
what the received wisdom
of oral tradition and
documents can’t.
Greenhouse
walls?
Artifacts from the Buried Wall
A shovel blade and flower
pot fragments give a clue
about what the buried
walls are from.
Documentary Clues
1903 Sanborn Insurance Map
Cass Gilbert Greenhouse
Specifications
Greenhouse Artifacts in Use
Notice the tan and terra cots flowerpots in the lower left.
The Hillside Cistern Complex
A sophisticated drainage and watering system
The Upper Garden Cistern
The Lower Garden Cistern
The Mushroom Cave
Wall Construction
Other Fun Artifacts
1900 S Barber Dime from
a test unit near this spot
Did it fall from a pocket?
Previously Unknown Structures
The Archaeology of Homelessness:
The Paradoxes of Capitalism
The gardens of the ‘Empire Builder of the
Northwest’ became a
decades-long sanctuary for the homeless who left
behind their own material culture.