Indoor positioning and navigation
with camera phones
A. Mulloni et al., Graz Univ. of Tech., IEEE Pervasive Computing, pp. 22-31, 2009.
이시혁
theshy@sclab.yonsei.ac.kr
Contents
• Introduction
• Conference Guide Application
• Comparison of localization techniques
• Experiment
• Result
• Experiences from real-world deployment
• Usefulness
• Conclusion
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Introduction
• GPS-based navigation systems
– Only outdoors
– Required satellite links
– Indoor : blocked or unreliable
• Real-time marker-based tracking of position system
– GPS-like real-time localization
– Location awareness
• Testing real-world conditions
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Conference Guide Application
• Location-based conference guide
– Sparse tracking
– Markers to a manageable size
• Signpost
– Combines a conference calendar and navigation system
– Calendar : day or conference session, or using full-text
– Live RSS updates
– Can plan their fastest route(from the current location)
• System
– Studierstube ES framework
– Windows mobile phone
– Impact the Battery life
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Conference Guide Application
• 3D overview
– For large event
– Multiple maps
• Step for deploying the system to new location
– Create a map and database of marker locations
– Deploy markers on site
– Create a new software release
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Comparison of localization techniques
• No localization and continuous localization
– A digital map with no localization
– Continuous real-time localization(GPS-based navigation systems)
• Experiment
– Environment
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20 users (half male and half female)
diverse cultural backgrounds
varying expertise in technology
between 20 and 34 years old(average 25)
– 3-Condition
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• no-localization
• discrete localization
• continuous-localization
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Experiment
• No-localization condition
– a digital map viewer
– finger touch screen
– access each floor’s maps using keypad shortcuts on the phone
– start and destination points(all condition)
• Discrete localization condition
– marker-based solution
– each marker’s position as a red dot
– updated the user’s detected position and orientation
• Continuous-localization condition
– not available GPS(indoor)
– used “Wizard of OZ”
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Result
• Rank the three conditions
– (1) easy to use
– (2) easy to learn
– (3) requires little attention
– (4) make me confident I know where I am
(a) Average ranking of the three localization systems
(b) Statistical significance of pair-wise differences
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Experiences from real-world deployment
• Signpost at four international conferences
– MEDC 2007
– Microsoft Tech Ed 2007
– TechReady6
– TechReady7
• MEDC 2007
– 34 anonymous questionnaires
– 1(strongly disagree) ~ 7(strongly agree)
• TechReady7
– 64 users questionnaires
– 1(useless) ~ 5(useful)
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Usefulness
• 3D overview map
– Not very helpful
– Eye-candy
• Small screen
• Navigation
• Tracking accuracy
• Fiduciary markers
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Conclusion
• Signpost
– The first indoor navigation system
– Deployed at several large-scale venues successfully
– Now commercial product
• Future works
– Compare this guidance system with paper maps
– integrating online marketing campaign material
• Goal
– Conference guide
– Generic system for indoor navigation.
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Marker based local awareness system
• Map
– Without GPS sensor
– Available feature phone
• Recommendation
– Marker-based LBS
– User’s interesting
– Shopping mall
– Department store
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