Chemical Names & Formulas Chapter 9 Warm Up Take 7 min to finish Homework Go Over ChemQuest 21 Skill Practice 19-21 More Ionic Bonding Practice Time to Review Ionic Bonding IB QUIZ NEXT CLASS This should go quick. All of this has been taught. Some of these slides you have already seen Ionic Bonding: Between Metals and Nonmetals Monatomic Ions Ions consisting of one atom Determined by using the periodic table Transition Metals - the charge must be provided Ex.) Fe(III) has a +3 charge Fe(II) has a +2 charge Reference Table 9.2, p.255 for trans. metal names and charges Stock Name vs. Classical Name Ex) Copper(I) ion (stock name) and Cuprous ion (classical name) Polyatomic Ions Tightly bound group of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge Treated the same as monatomic ions when writing chemical formulas and naming (also called tertiary compounds) Ex.) (PO4)3- Phosphate (CO3)2- Carbonate Polyatomic Ions Types of Compounds Ionic – Metal & Non-Metal Molecular – 2 Non-Metals Ionic Compounds Ionic bond forms between ions (atoms w/ a charge b/c they have extra or missing e-) – Represented by chemical formulas (or formula units) • Ex) NaCl – Typically solids at room temperature Occurs between oppositely charged ions (“opposites attract”) Include a cation & an anion Cation = + charges Anion = - charges In an ionic compound, the atoms combine in ratios to balance the charges (neutral compound) Ex.) How many Mg will react w/ S? 2+ Mg + 2S MgS Criss-Cross Method An easier way to determine the subscripts Use it if it makes sense to you. Otherwise, continue balancing the charges Criss-Cross Method: How many B will react w/ S? B3+ & S2- B 3+ 2 + S 23 B2S3 Notice: when you write the formula the cation (metal) goes 1st Examples: What is the formula when Al and F combine? Al3+ & F1- Al 1 3+ + F 13 AlF3 Examples: Lithium and Bromine Calcium and Sulfur LiBr CaS Zn (II) and Phosphorus Sodium and Phosphate Zn3P2 Na3PO4 Naming Ionic Compounds Binary compounds - composed of 2 elements 1st write the name of the cation 2nd write the name of the anion Replace the ending with “-ide” Examples: Al2O3 CaO Aluminum Oxide Sodium Chloride Calcium Oxide FeS Iron(II) Sulfide CuBr2 Copper(II) Bromide NaCl Naming Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions composed of 3 or more different elements 1st write the name of the cation 2nd write the name of the polyatomic ion Examples: Al(NO3)3 Aluminum Nitrate Na(OH) Sodium Hydroxide Ca(SO4) Calcium Sulfate Fe(CrO4) Iron(II) Chromate Cu3(PO4) Copper(I) Phosphate Naming Race Worksheet Second Page (Front/Back) of packet Work with ONE partner OR by yourself Do all 45 Get answers checked by me First group done: Naming Acids Use the template below to name acids: Anion Example ending - ide HCl Chloride - ite H2SO3 Sulfite - ate HNO3 Nitrate Acid name Hydro( ( ( )-ic acid Example Hydrochloric acid ) – ous acid Sulfurous acid ) – ic acid Nitric acid Properties of IB Properties - Electrically neutral compounds - High boiling/melting point (BP/MP) - Form crystal solids which are brittle - Dissolve in Water - Conduct electricity in molten or dissolved state Ionic Compounds Dissociate into ions when they dissolve So, – NaCl – AlCl3 Na+ + ClAl+3 + 3Cl- Note: The number of each ion becomes a coefficient (3Cl-) Ions have a charge, so the charge MUST be written Write the equation when the following ionic compounds dissolve in water MgO Na3P Fe2O3 Mg(NO3)2 FeSO4 Work on Ionic Bonding Practice First Page (Front/Back) of Packet STOP Complete any unfinished worksheets Molecular Compounds Compounds composed of molecules (usually 2 or more non-metals) – Represented by molecular formulas • Ex) H2O – Typically exist as gasses or liquids at room temperature Diatomic molecules – H2, N2, O2 , F2 , Cl2 , Br2 , I2 Naming Molecular Compounds Binary molecular compounds composed of 2 non-metals – Use prefixes to distinguish between different compounds (Table 6.5, p.159) – Atom which is furthest to the left is written first Prefix MonoDiTriTetraPentaHexaHeptaOctaNonaDeca- Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Examples: SO3 Sulfur trioxide CO Carbon Monoxide OF6 Oxygen Hexafluoride P2Br4 Diphosphorus tetrabromide Trisulfur Octiodide S3I8 Examples Name the following acids – HBr – HNO2 – H2SO4 Write the formula for the following acids – Hydrofluoric acid – Phosphorous acid The Law of Definite Proportions the masses of the elements are always in the same proportions in any sample of a chemical compound 8:1 16:1 The Law of Multiple Proportions Comparison of the ratios of one element in 2 different compounds containing that particular element Example: A sample of water contains 16 g of oxygen, whereas a sample of hydrogen peroxide contains 32 g of oxygen. What is the ratio of oxygen in the two compounds?