Chapter 6
The Periodic Table
The Periodic Table
• Dmitri Mendeleev is credited with
being the father of the periodic
table
Mendeleev’s Table
• Mendeleev’s Periodic Table was arranged
by the elements’ Atomic Mass.
• Element 101 in the Periodic Table is
named in his honor.
Modern Periodic Table
• Today’s Periodic Table is arranged by the
elements’ Atomic Number.
• Elements with similar properties are
placed in the same column on the periodic
table.
Modern Periodic Table
• The columns are called groups
• The rows are called periods
Modern Periodic Table
Practice: Find the period and group
of the following elements:
Period
Group
• Ca
_____ _____
• Al
_____ _____
• Zr
_____ _____
• Xe
_____ _____
• Ra
_____ _____
• U
_____ _____
Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids
Metals
• Three or fewer electrons in the
outer energy level
• Good conductors of heat and
electricity
• Malleable (shapeable)
• Metals are hard solids with
shiny surfaces
Nonmetals
• Five or more electrons in the outer
energy level
• Poor conductors of heat and electricity
• Most are gases or brittle solids
• Dull surfaces
Metalloids
• These are elements that have
properties of metals and nonmetals.
PP: Identify the following elements as
metals, nonmetals, metalloids:
a) Sulfur (S)
b) Hydrogen (H)
c) Chromium (Cr)
d) Tellurium (Te)
1
2
5
6
9
3
4
7
10
8
Family Names
• Alkali metals
Family Names
• Alkaline earth metals
Family Names
• Transition metals
Family Names
• Boron group
Family Names
• Carbon group
Family Names
• Nitrogen group
Family Names
• Chalcogen
Family Names
• Halogens
Family Names
• Noble gases
Family Names
• Lanthanoids
Family Names
• Actinoids
So What’s The Deal With The
Shape?
• The distribution of electrons around
an atom was used to create the shape
of the Periodic Table.
6.3 Periodic Trends
• The radii or atoms increases from
top to bottom and right to left.
• PP: Which has the largest radius:
–
–
–
–
Magnesium (Mg)
Silicon (Si)
Sulfur (S)
Sodium (Na)
• The factors that affect the size of
an atom are:
– Nuclear charge
– Number of energy
levels
Ionic Radii
• The radius of positive ions (cation) is
smaller than that of the parent atom.
+
Atom
Ion
• The radius of negative ions (anion) is
larger than that of the parent atom.
-
Atom
Ion
PP: Identify the larger particle:
a) Na
Na+
b) Cl
Clc) O
O2d) Al
Al3+
e) Ca
Ca2+
Ionization Energy
• Ionization energy is the energy
required to remove an electron from
an atom.
• PP: Which has the largest ionization
energy?
–
–
–
–
Magnesium (Mg)
Silicon (Si)
Sulfur (S)
Sodium (Na)
Factors Affecting
Ionization Energy
A strong nuclear charge will increase
ionization energy.
Strong shielding effect will decrease
ionization energy.
A full octet will increase ionization
energy.
Ionization Energy of sodium, magnesium, and
aluminum:
Na
Mg
Al
496
737
577
4563
1450
1,816
6913
7731
2,881
9541
10545
11,600
Explain the discrepancy in ionization energy.
Electronegativity
• Electronegativity is the ability of an
atom to attract the electrons from
another atom.
• PP: Which has the largest
electronegativity:
–
–
–
–
Magnesium (Mg)
Silicon (Si)
Sulfur (S)
Sodium (Na)