Gabriel Performance Products
Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins
GPE Series
Product Technology, Curatives &
Applications
Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER)
 Outline
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GPE Series
Technology
Features/Benefits - Value
Products
Activators/Hardeners
Markets/Applications
Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER)
Technology
CER Technology
 CERs - Different from Standard Bisphenol-A
Epoxy Resins like DER 331, EPON 828
 Standard Epoxy resins made from
Epichlorohydrin and Bisphenol-A
 CERs are made by oxidation of Cyclo Olefins
with Peracetic Acid
 Different from other cycloaliphatic epoxy
resins like Glycidyl Esters of Pthalic Acids
(Huntsman CY 184) and Hydrogenated Bis A Epoxy
Resins (CVC Epalloy 5000 and Hexion Epon 1110)
Technology
Standard Epoxy Resin :
Epichlorohydrin + Bisphenol-A  Std. Epoxy
Resin
Epichlorohydrin
(DER 331, EPON 828)
Bisphenol-A
Technology
Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin :
Cyclo Olefin + Peracetic Acid  GPE-221
GPE-221
Cyclo Olefin
Peracetic Acid
Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER)
Features/Benefits Value Proposition
Feature/Benefits - Value
 Aliphatic Backbone – Excellent UV Stability
 Saturated Cyclic Ring – Good Weatherability
and Excellent Electrical Properties
 High Epoxide Content  High Crosslink
Density  High Tg and Heat Distortion Temp.
(HDT)
 No Epichlorohydrin  No Hydrolysable
Chorine  Low Dielectric Constant 
Excellent Arc-Track Resistance
Feature/Benefits - Value
 Short Chain – Low Viscosity  350cp of GPE221 vs. 13000 cp Std Epoxy Resin  Easy to
handle and enable VOC Free or Low VOC
Formulations
 When combined with Polyols, result in Good
Combination of Toughness and Heat-Distortion
Temperature Properties
 No Epichlorohydrin  Low Potential for Skin
Sensitization
 Offer latitude to formulate 1K or 2K Products
Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER)
GPE Products
GPE Series - Products
 GPE-221 : Standard, General Purpose Use
Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin  Equivalent to
ERL-4221 (Cyracure UVR-6110)
 GPE-226 : Distilled, Low Ionic Content and Low
Viscosity Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin 
Equivalent to ERL-4221D (Cyracure UVR-6105)
 GPE-228 : Flexible Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin
 Equivalent to ERL-4299 (Cyracure UVR-6128)
ERL & UVR from Dow Chemical - Discontd.
GPE Series - Properties
Property\Product
GPE-221
GPE-226
GPE-228
Appearance
Colorless to
Pale Yellow
Liquid
Colorless to
Pale Yellow
Liquid
Colorless to
Pale Yellow
Liquid
Color (Pt-Co)
100 max
50 max
150 max
Viscosity, cP
350 - 450
200 - 350
500 - 650
EEW
131 - 143
128 - 140
190 - 210
Moisture (wt%)
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER)
Activators/Hardeners
Activators/Hardeners
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Anhydrides
 Polyacids
 UV Cationic Cure Catalysts
Not ‘Amines’ or ‘Polyamides’
Activators/Hardeners
 Anhydrides
 2K Thermal Cure OR Heat Cure
 Requires Heat to Cure
 HHPA (Hexa HydroPthalic Anhydide),
MTHPA, NMA
 Typical Cure Cycle – 1 HR @ 100 -120 oC
+ 4 - 6 HR @ 160 -180 oC
 Cure Cycles vary with different
Anhydrides
Activators/Hardeners
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Anhydride Cured CERs
 Excellent High Temperature Performance
 Tg : 150 – 200oC
 High Mechanical Properties - Flexural
Strength, Compressive Strength
 Excellent Dielectric Properties
 Superior Arc, Corona and Tracking
Resistance
 Eg: Fiber Reinforced Composites
Activators/Hardeners
 Polyacids
 2K Ambient Cure
 Acid Functional Polyesters, Carboxylic
Acids, Pthalic Acids
 Slow Reaction Rates
 Takes several days to cure
 Less Common in Use
Activators/Hardeners
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UV Cationic Cure Catalysts
 Cationic Photoinitiators
 “Aryl Sulfonium” and “Aryl Iodonium”
Salts
 Activated by UV Light  Generate a
Super Acid
 Super Acid catalyzes epoxy
polymerization
 Rapid Cure Rates, in some cases Instant
Activators/Hardeners
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UV Cationic Cure Catalysts
 Alternate technology to Free Radical
Polymerization of Acrylates
 Low Shrinkage – up to 5%, compared to
Acrylate Shrinkage of 10- 15%
 Excellent Adhesion
 Low Viscosity  Low or No VOCs
 Low Capital and Operating Costs
 Excellent Hardness and Flexibility
Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins (CER)
Markets/Applications
Value to the Market
CERs have Excellent UV and Weatherability, Low
Viscosity, High Temperature Performance,
Excellent Electrical Properties and
other…….But
 Complex Mfg Process
 High Product Costs
 $ 6 - 10/lb vs $1 – 2/lb of Standard Epoxy
Resin
Used in High Performance Requirement
Markets/Applications
Markets/Applications
Fiber Reinforced Composites
 Low Viscosity – Good Fiber Wet-out
 Filament Winding, Pultrusion, Resin
Transfer Molding (RTM)
 Tg in the range of 200oC – High
Temperature Performance
 Eg: Aerial Booms, Antennas,
Composites for Electrical and
Electronic Applications
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Markets/Applications

Electric Insulators
 Ceramic or Porcelain Replacements
 Bushings, Electric Insulators, Switch
Gear Parts in transmission and
distribution of electric power
 Excellent UV Resistance and Carbon
Tracking
 Lighter Weight & Greater Impact
Resistance
 Complex Shapes, Reduced Maintenance
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Markets/Applications
Encapsulants & Potting Compounds
 Transformers, Electric Coils
 Low Dielectric Loss
 High Electrical Resistivity
 Low Viscosity – Good Penetration
 Excellent UV Resistance – LEDs and
Optoelectronics
 Excellent Thermal Shock Resistance
with Polyols
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Markets/Applications
 Coatings, Inks and Laminating Adhesives
 Rapid Cure  Low Down Time
 Low or No VOC, No odor
 Excellent Adhesion to wide variety
of substrates: steel, aluminum,
polymer films
 Glossy, Hard and Good Flexibility
 Eg: Flexo Printing, Laminating
Adhesives
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Markets/Applications
 Packaging – Overprint Varnishes
 Rigid Packaging - Steel & Aluminum
Can Coatings (Beer & Beverages)
 Rapid Cure Rates
 Low or No VOC
 No Odor
 Glossy, Hard and Good Flexibility
 Retortable and Pasteurizable
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Markets/Applications
 Packaging – Overprint Varnishes
 Flexible Packaging: plastic tubes,
films, paper
 Excellent Adhesion to wide variety
of substrates
 Various Polymers: PET, PE, HDPE,
PS, Polyester
 No Odor, Fast Drying
 Glossy, Hard and Good Flexibility
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Markets/Applications
Acid Scavenger - Stabilizer
 CERs react with both organic
and mineral acids
 Use to remove or stabilize
Acids in Systems
 Eg: Transformer Fluids
 Lubricating Oils and Hydraulic
Fluids
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Acid Scavenger - Stabilizer
 Vinyl Inks and Coatings
 Dielectric Fluids in
Electrostatic Capacitators
 Flame Retardant Coatings
 PVC and Polyester Resins
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Other Uses:
 Modifier for Std Epoxy Resins,
Viscosity Reduction, Performance
Enhancement
 Waterborne – Stable Anionic
Dispersions
 Chemical Intermediates – to make
alkyd coating resins
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