Hydrate Nomenclature
Chemistry 1K Notes Addendum
Naming Hydrates
• Many solid compounds release water when heated at
low temperatures.
•
Prefix
Number
Mono
1
Di
2
– In these compounds, called hydrates, water molecules are
loosely bonded within the solid crystal at regular intervals.
Tri
3
Tetra
4
A common example of a hydrate is: CuSO4 •5H2O
Penta
5
– Where the compound is written first, followed by a dot
(representing a weak bond) and then the number of water
molecules that hydrate the compound
Hexa
6
Hepta
7
Octa
8
Nona
9
Deca
10
• To name a hydrate:
– Name the compound (according to the rules previously
discussed)
– The choose the prefix in the table to the right that indicates
the number of water molecules.
– Add the word “hydrate” to the end of the prefix.
• A common example of a hydrate is: CuSO4 •5H2O
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
Naming Hydrates Practice
• Name each hydrate:
– Li2SO4 ∙ 10H2O
– Pb(OH)4 ∙ 7H2O
– Cs2CO2 ∙ 2H2O
lithium sulfate decahydrate
lead (IV) hydroxide heptahydrate
cesium carbonite dihydrate
• Write the formula for each hydrate:
– vanadium (III) bromide tetrahydrate
– strontium nitrate pentahydrate
– calcium carbonate trihydrate
VBr3 ● 4H2O
Sr(NO3)2 ● 5H2O
CaCO3 ● 3H2O