Geography of the Periodic
Table
Unit 4 – Periodic Table
Mrs. Callender
Lesson Essential Question:
What information does the
periodic table tell me?
Horizontal Row on a periodic table
is called a PERIOD.
The elements in any
group of the
periodic table have
similar physical and
chemical properties!
The vertical columns of the periodic table
are called GROUPS, or FAMILIES.
Metals
METALS
-Good conductors of heat and electricity.
-Malleable
-Ductile
-High tensile strength
-Have a luster
-Lose electrons becoming positive ions.
Metalloids
-Properties of both metals and
nonmetals.
-More brittle than metals but less
brittle than nonmetals.
-Semiconductors of electricity.
-High tensile strength.
-Lose and gain electrons to get to
happy eight land.
Semiconductor
Anything that's computerized or
uses radio waves depends on
semiconductors.
Today, most semiconductor chips
and transistors are created with
silicon.
"Silicon Valley" and the "silicon
economy -- silicon is the heart of
any electronic device.
Nonmetals
-Poor conductors of heat
and electricity.
-Tend to be brittle.
-Many are gaseous at
room temperature.
HYDROGEN
• Hydrogen belongs to a
family of its own.
• Hydrogen is a diatomic,
reactive gas.
• Hydrogen was involved in
the explosion of the
Hindenburg.
• Hydrogen is promising as
an alternative fuel source
for automobiles
ALKALI METALS
Very reactive metals, always combined
with something else in nature (like in
salt).
Soft enough to cut with a butter knife
S1 Electrons
Reactivity increases as you move down
the column.
ALKALI METALS
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Reactive metals that are
always combined with
nonmetals in nature.
Several of these elements are
important mineral nutrients
(such as Mg and Ca
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
NOBLE GASES – INERT GASES
Elements in group 18
VERY unreactive, monatomic gases
Used in lighted “neon” signs
Used in blimps to fix the Hindenburg
problem.
Have a full valence shell.
NOBLE GASES – INERT GASES
TRANSITION
METALS
• Elements in groups 3-12
• Less reactive harder
metals
• Includes metals used in
jewelry and construction.
• Metals used “as metal.”
RARE EARTH
METALS
RARE EARTH METALS
Element
Etymology
Uses
Promethium
For Titan Promethius who
brought fire to mortals.
Nuclear Batteries
Thulium
For the mythical northern land
of Thule.
Portable X-ray machines
Cerium
Dwarf planet Ceres.
Yellow color in glass and ceramics,
Self cleaning ovens and cracking
catalyst in oil refineries.
Dysprosium
From the Greek “dysporsitos”
meaning hard to get.
Rare earth magnets and lasers
Lutetitium
For Lutetia, the city which
became Paris.
PET scan detectors, high refractive
index glass.
Halogens
• Have seven valence electrons.
s2p5
Gain 1 electron, -1 charge.
• Never found pure in nature
because they are too reactive.
• Fluorine is the most reactive.
• In their pure form they are
diatomic, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
Chalcogens
• Have six valence electrons.
s2p4
Gain 2 electrons, -2 charge.