The Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
(Nature’s Answer to the Energy Crisis )
1. The Anatomy of the Mitochondria
Outer Membrane
Inner Membrane
Location of
(Many folds make up the Cristae)
Intermembrane Space
ETC
Interactions
Matrix
Location of Kreb’s Cycle
2. The Anatomy of the Inner Membrane
Outer
OuterMembrane
Membrane
Proton
Motive H+
Force
H+
Intermembrane
Space
Cytochrome
Chemiosmosis
C
e-e-
Proton Pump
Inner
Membrane
Q
Proton Pump e-eProton Pump
ATP Synthase
H+
H+
e-e-
NAD+
NADH
Matrix
Matrix
H+ H+
H+
FAD
O2
H+
FADH
H2O
H+
H+
H+
H+
ATP
ATP
ADP
H+
H+
H+
H+
ADPADP
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Song
ATP TOTALS:
34
Summary
38
Review
2 NADH
*
Electron Shuttle
2 NADH
Glycolysis
Glucose
2 Pyruvate
2 Acetyl
CoA
Substrate Level
Phosphorylation
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH
Electron
Transport
Chain
Kreb’s
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Substrate Level
Phosphorylation
2 ATP
10 NADH x 3 = 30
2 FADH x 2 = 4
34 ATP
Yet, Actual measurements yield 34
38 ATP
38
WHY?
1. Energy lost due to active transport of the NADH produced from glycolysis*
2. Some H+ ions may leak from the outer space to the matrix…. Energy is released as heat
3. Different cells may couple proton motive forces with other energy processes not ATP
Question “Why do we breathe?”
Pre-School:
If you do not breathe, you die. You need to breathe to live.
Early Grade School:
We breathe because we need Oxygen to live.
Late Grade School:
We breathe to provide oxygen for our cells and get rid of carbon dioxide
Typical Freshman Biology :
We breathe so oxygen can burn our food to make energy
Advanced Freshman Biology:
We breathe so that oxygen can burn our food to make ATP in the
mitochondria
Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP
AP Biology:
We breathe because Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the
ETC. The high-energy electrons are oxidized from glucose. The
electrons are used to pump Hydrogen ions to form a proton motive force
to make ATP by chemiosmosis
Cytochromes
e-e-
Proton Pumps
The Structure and Function of ATP Synthesis
Slide 2
Slide 1
Slide 2
Slide 1
Slide 3
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Written by Greg Crowther and Do Peterson
Greg Crowther: lead vocals, claps, tambourine
Do Peterson: lead and backing vocals, claps, drum, acoustic guitar, chimes, melodica, keyboard
Lori DeGloria: lead and backing vocals
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Do you see the athletes run?
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Do you see the children crawl?
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Every soul beneath the sun -Ox phos fuels them one and all.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation
You can't see inside their cells;
Oxidative Phosphorylation
If you could, here's what you'd see:
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Small cigar-shaped organelles
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Synthesizing ATP.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Matrix protons get pumped out
Feel the muscles
In the morning
To the intermembrane space.
Feel the sun shine In the midday
Feel the ATP
In the afternoon
Then they take an inward route See the children
In the evening
See
the
athletes
Through the ATP synthase.
In the midnight
Ox phos fuels them Ox phos fuels them
you and me
me and you
When I feel up
When I feel good
When I move around
When I sit up
When I stand up
When I make my sound
Cellular Respiration – Another View
Slide 3