Exam booklet
2
1
5
3
6
4
7
glycolysis
Calvin cycle/ light-inde
Krebs cycle
They take part in different
Reactions separated by membr
W /glycolysis in cytoplasm
X / Calvin cycle in stroma o
Y / in matrix of mitochondri
There are different enzymes
X
W and Y
ATP;
water; NAD / FAD
All three needed for 2 mark
NAD / FAD / NADP can accept H
/ be reduced
Reduced NAD / FAD carries
electrons to the electron
transport chain / for oxidative
phosphorylation
Reduced NAD / FAD carries
hydrogen ions / for oxidative
phosphorylation / chemiosmosis
2
Fig. 5.1 is an electron micrograph of a leaf mesophyll cell. Several cell structures have been
indicated by letters. Some of these produce ATP
(a) With reference to Fig. 5.1
(i) identify two organelles in ATP is produced and name these organelles
F
mitochon
2. identifying letter …………….
B name …………………………………………………………
chloropla
1. identifying letter ……………. name …………………………………………………………
(a) With reference to Fig. 5.1
(ii) explain why the cell is eukaryotic rather than prokaryotic
Has a nucleus / nuclear mem
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Has membrane bound organell
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...[2]
Has mitochondria / chloropl
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation are two processes that occur in cells,
such as that shown in Fig. 5.1.
(b)
Describe similarities and differences between oxidative phosphorylation and
photophosphorylation
ATP
synthesised in both
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
With
ATP synth(et)ase
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Both
take place on /
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
across
membranes
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Series
of electron
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
carriers
involved in both
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Electron
flow in both
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
+ across
Movement
of
H
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
membranes
in both
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...[3]
3
(a)
NAD, FAD NADPH
produced absorbed
/
/ fixed
released
produced used
Small quantity of ‘starter’
substance required
Intermediates lead to many
other series of reactions
Easy to convert substances
Without using too many
enzymes
Any two
from:
• Two
membranes
• DNA
• Electron
carriers
• Internal
K
E
E to
cristae
K to
matrix
ETC/ transfer of electrons
down chain stops
Stops phosphorylation / ADP
not phosphorylated
Krebs cycle stops / no
oxidised NAD/FAD /no
substrate linked
phosphorylation












Pyruvate / any Krebs cyc
ADP and phosphate form ATP
Oxygen used to form water/as
Nitrogenous base
Adenine
Pentose / 5 carbon sugar
Ribose
Three phosphate groups
Any two
from:
• Anabolic
reactions
• DNA
replicatio
n
• Protein
• Active
transport
• Electrical
conduction
• Exocytosis
• Movement
within
ATP synth(et)ase
The first three listed f
• Cyclic photophosphoryl
• Non-cyclic photophosph
• Chemiosmosis
• Oxidative phosphorylat
• Substrate level phosph
NAD/FAD involved in
respiration
2 molecules of NAD reduced
in glycolysis
1 molecule of NAD reduced
in the link reaction
1 molecule of NAD reduced
in the Krebs cycle
NADP involved in
photosynthesis
Reduced in non-cyclic
photophosphorylation
Hydrogen comes from
photolysis
Used in the Calvin cycle /
light independent stage
QWC mark awarded if three of the following are spelt
and used correctly:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Photophosphorylation
Glycolysis
Calvin cycle
Krebs cycle
Cristae
Photolysis
Link reaction
Palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
1.73.1
4 .04.74.9
5 .0
CO 2 released is a measure
respiration
State two figures close t
value of 2, therefore
supports respiration is
Only the value between 5 O C
and 15 OC is close
Photosynthesis does not
support as values not near
Light intensity is limiting
factor
Low rate of photosynthesis
Rate of respiration
increases at high
temperature
Rate of respiration is
close to /exceeds rate of
photosynthesis
Calvin cycle
Any four
from:
• rubisco
• Some TP
• RuBP plus CO 2
forms
• Unstable 6C
hexose
compound
sugars
formed
• Some TP
• [2 molecules
regenerate
Can
be an
of GP]
s RuBP
annotated
• GP to TP
diagram