Organize these terms/concepts into a flow chart
that describes the origin & early evolution of life
on Earth
Organic polymers
Chloroplast (plastid)
Inorganic molecules
Energy (UV, lightning,
kinetic, heat)
Protobiont
Liposome
Prokaryotic cell
Organic monomers
Eukaryotic cell
Mitochondrion
Endosymbiosis
(phagocytosis)
Ribozymes
RNA
DNA
Infolding of cell membrane
to form endomembrane
system
Target VI- Endosymbiont
Hypothesis Summary
Endosymbiont Hypothesis and the Origin of
Eukaryotic Cells
Evidence for Serial Endosymbiosis:
• Size of chloroplast & mitochondria about same size of
prokaryotic cells
• Inner membranes of mitochondria & chloroplasts differ from
the membranes of cell’s plasma membrane
• Mitochondria & chloroplasts divide using binary fission like
prokaryotes
• Mitochondria & chloroplasts divide independent of rest of
eukaryotic cell
• Mitochondria & chloroplasts have separate, circular ring of
DNA like modern prokaryotes
• Mitochondria & chloroplasts may be susceptible to antibiotics
like bacteria
• Mitochondria & chloroplasts have ribosomes that are more
similar to prokaryotes
The Cell Theory
• Cells are the smallest unit of life
• All organisms are made of one or more
cells
• All cells come from other cells
The big picture:
biological organization
* smallest unit
of life
Target I
• Determine the surface area to volume
ratio (size) of various cells to predict the
rate of diffusion for monomers entering
and exiting the cell; relate calculations to
cell shape.
Why are cells small?
• Use these figures and some basic math to explain
why cells are small…
Target V
• Infer similarities and differences
about the three domains of life
(Bacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea)
from a cladogram.
Cells, domains, and kingdoms
(oh my!)
Kingdom
Fungi
Kingdom Archaea
Kingdom
Protista
Kingdom Bacteria
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Kingdom
Animalia
Kingdom
Plantae
Domain Eukarya
L.U.C.A.
• In what domains would you find eukaryotic cells?
In what kingdoms?
• In what domains would you find prokaryotic cells?
In what kingdoms?
Target IV
• Compare and contrast prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells.
Compare & Contrast
Eukaryotic cells ONLY
Prokaryotic cells ONLY
Both
Prokaryotic
AND
eukaryotic
cells
Prokaryotes / Eukaryotes
• no nucleus
• no separate
organelles
• only bacteria
• evolved first
• nucleus
• many
organelles
• all other cells
• evolved from
prokaryotes
Prokaryotes / Eukaryotes
• Common Characteristics:
–
–
–
–
cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
contain DNA
Introduction to Organelles and
Microscope Lab (Target B):
Plant versus Animal Cells
Compare & Contrast - part deux
NOT in Plant
cells
Both
animal
AND
plant
cells
NOT in Animal cells
Plant or Animal?
Plant or Animal?
ONLY found in
plant cells:
1. Cell Wall
2. Chloroplast (Plastid)
3. Large, Central Vacuole and
Tonoplast
4. Plasmodesmata
Plant
1. Cell Wall - gives strength and
rigidity to cell
2. Chloroplast - green, site of
photosynthesis
3. Vacuole - large, central storage
space
4. Plasmodesmata- channels through
cell walls
Animal
1. Lysosome- digestive enzymes,
macromolecules
hydrolyzed
2. Centrioles- pair, in centrosome
3. Flagella -
some animal cells
have
Target II & III
• Visually identify and explain the function of
the following cell organelles: ribosome,
endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth),
Golgi complex, mitochondrion, vacuole, and
chloroplast.
• Describe how organelles interact to
accomplish a task within a cell, tissue, organ,
or organism.
Cell Applications & Thinking:
Describe a cellular process that involves at least THREE
organelles. List organelles in the order in which they
are used during the cellular process.
Name a specific kind of cell in plant or animal tissue
that has an abundance or is completely lacking a
particular organelle. Explain how the number and
kinds of organelles present in that cell dictate the
cell’s (or tissue’s) function.
What is the significance of each membrane-bound
organelle having different proteins embedded within
their membrane?
CELL THOUGHTS TO PONDER:
•If Elodea and onion are BOTH plant, why don’t
onion cells have chloroplasts, but the Elodea cells
do?
•Why couldn’t we see mitochondria, ER, lysosomes,
ribosomes in any of our specimen’s cells when we
did the microscope lab?
•Are plant & animal cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Cite evidence from your lab observations!
•What structures between plant cells aid in
transport of materials thru plant body?