Ch. 3.4- Origin and Evolution of the Eukaryotic Cell
Review & Background
• Progression of life
• Elements combined into inorganic molecules
• Inorganic molecules combined to make organic molecules
• Organic molecules came together in organized patters to make protocells
• Aka: coacervates
• Protocells developed into prokaryotes as internal structures became more complex
• RNA contributed to making of macromolecules
Target #10- I can identify what a eukaryote cell evolved from
 The fossil record, which is based on the ________________________________________________________,
suggests that the first cells were __________________________________________________
o Eukaryotes_________________________________________________________________prokaryotes
 Most closely related to _____________________________________
 Unicellular organisms found in a variety of places like soil, digestive systems, extreme
environments, etc.
 Most likely occurred ________________________________________________
Target #11- I can describe the precursor to eukaryotes
 The precursor to eukaryotes, _____________________________________________, were most likely
__________________________________________________
o Resembled___________________________________________________
o Had a plasma membrane but no_________________________________________________________
 Plasma membrane would have provided all___________________________________________
like energy production and lipid formation
 Can be accomplished by the_________________________________________________
 On average, would have been 1000x smaller than modern eukaryotes
Target #12- I can describe the formation of the endomembrane system in eurkaryotes
 _______________________________________________________ are thought to have arisen in at least 2 ways
o The nuclear membranes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes are
believed to have originated by the_________________________________________________________
 Hypothesis based on the__________________________________________________________
 All a part of the__________________________________________________
Target #13- I can explain the endosymbiotic theory
 Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved differently
 Each have their own _______________________________________________________
o They can make their own _____________________________________________________
o ___________________________________________________________have similar genetic information
 Indicates that:
 Mitochondria and chloroplasts were______________________________________________________________
o Lived_______________________________________________________________________
o Explains the____________________________________________________________ of both organelles
Target #14- I can list the evidence for the endo-symbiotic Theory
 1- Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to bacteria in____________________________________________
 2- Both organelles are bound by a ________________________________________________________________
o The outer membrane derived from the ___________________________________________________
o ___________________________________________________ original plasma membrane of the
original prokaryote
 3- Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain__________________________________________________________
o Structure similar to _____________________________________________________________________
 4- Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own ________________________________________________and
produce their own ______________________________________________________________
o The ribosomes resemble those found in prokaryotes
 5- The___________________________________________ of the ______________________________________
in chloroplasts and mitochondria also suggest a prokaryote origin