Cells!
CA Standards
Cell Biology
 1.c. Students know how prokaryotic cells,
eukaryotic cells (including those from
plants and animals), and viruses differ in
complexity and general structure.
The History of Microscopes and Cell
Theory

Janssen produced 1st microscope 1595
1665 Robert Hooke
drawing of cork. Called
chambers cells because
they reminded him of
tiny rooms in a
monastery.
Plant
cells

1838: Mattias Schleiden discovered
plants are made of cells.

1839 Theodor Schwann claimed animals
are also made of cells
1858: Rudolf Virchow stated that
living cells come only from other
cells.
The Cell Theory
Schleiden

Schwann
Virchow
The observations of Schleiden,
Schwann, and Virchow form the cell
theory.
The Cell
Theory
1.
2.
3.
All living things are made
of one or more cells.
Cells are the basic units
of structure and function
in organisms
All cells arise from
existing cells
Our objective:

Compare and contrast how
prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and
viruses differ in structure and
function.
What is a cell?

The smallest structural and
functional unit of all living
organisms.
2 Types of Cells
 Prokaryotic
 Eukaryotic
2 Types of Cells
 Prokaryotic
 Pro
= first; kary= cell
 Eukaryotic
 Eu=
true; kary= cell
All living things….

Are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Smaller, simpler
Larger, complex
Do you think we are prokaryotes or
eukaryotes and why???
Prokaryotic Cells
Who?
 Unicellular
bacteria (onecelled)
What?
 No true nucleus
 One circular DNA
 No membranebound organelles
 First lived at least
3.5 billion years ago

Prokaryotes
A bacterium is a
prokaryotic cell
Fig.3: Prokaryotic Cell (Bacillus megaterium)
Some bacteria
have
Flagella
Long, threadlike structures
which enable movement.
Bacteria are important to all life on
Earth. They…







Decompose dead things.
Fix nitrogen in the atmosphere to make
it available to plants.
Digest sewage.
Break down oil from oil spills.
Synthesize medicines.
Help animals (including us) digest food.
Some cause disease.
Copy, color and label the Prokaryotic
Cell (p. 472)
Eukaryotic Cells
Who?
 Fungi
 Plants
 Animals
What?
 True nucleus with
nuclear membrane
 DNA (genes) located
in nucleus
 Membrane-bound
organelles
 Complex structure and
function
 Evolved 2.5 billion
years ago
Fig. 1: Eukaryotic Cell (Mouse Cell)
Fig. 2: Candida albicans- Yeast (Eukaryotic Cell)
Plant Cell
Copy, color and label the Eukaryotic
Animal Cell (p. 175)
A= Rough E.R.
(Endoplasmic
Reticulum)
B= Cytoplasm
C= Golgi
apparatus
D= Nucleolus
E= Nucleus
F= Mitochondria
G= Smooth E.R.
H= Ribosome
I= Cell
membrane
Copy, color and label the Eukaryotic
Plant Cell (p. 175)
G
H
A= Cell Wall
B= Nucleus
C= Cell
Membrane
D=Rough E.R.
E= Chloroplast
F= Vacuole
G=Mitochondria
H=Golgi
apparatus
Make a Venn Diagram Comparing and
Contrasting Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
1.
Common
Features
of
Eukaryotic
and
Prokaryotic
Cells
Cell membrane- encloses
and protects the cell
2.
Cytoplasm- interior fluid of
cell
3.
Cytoskeleton – microscopic
fibers within cytoplasm
4.
Ribosomes- structure on
which proteins are made
(Eukaryotic Ribosomes are larger
and more complex)
5.
DNA- provides instructions
for making protein, regulate
cellular activity and
reproduce. (Eukaryotic DNA is
Cell Animation

http://www.learnerstv.com/animati
on/animation.php?ani=162&cat=bio
logy
Viruses!
Not cells…
Not alive…. So what
are they?



A virus is a tiny particle made of
nucleic acid (genetic material), protein
and sometimes lipids that can only
replicate by infecting living cells.
Most viruses are composed of a core of
either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein
coat called a capsid.
Viruses are NOT alive: They don’t grow,
develop, or carry out respiration. They do
not have organelles or a nucleus.


Viruses may have only
a few genes or over
100 genes.
They come in a
variety of shapes and
sizes.
Viruses enter cells and use the cell to
make copies of themselves, often
destroying the cell in the process.


Lytic Infection- virus enters cell,
uses the cell’s energy, makes copies
of itself and causes the cell to burst.
Lysogenic Infection- virus enters
cell, embeds its DNA into the DNA of
the host cell and replicates itselfindefinitely or it may switch to the
lytic cycle.
Viruses cause many human
diseases.











Polio
Measles
AIDS
Mumps
Influenza
Yellow fever
Rabies
The common cold
Herpes
Hepatitis
Genital Warts
Bacteria cause many human
diseases and problems.










Tuberculosis
Strep throat
Scarlet fever
Diptheria
Lyme disease
Tooth decay
Meningitis
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Make a Venn Diagram Comparing
and Contrasting Cells and Viruses
(use page 483 for help!)
Viruses
Cells
Key points



Prokaryotes have no membrane
bound organelles.
Eukaryotes have membrane bound
organelles allowing for thousands of
chemical reactions to occur at once.
Viruses are not cells; they consist of
only a protein coat surrounding a
strand of genetic material, either
RNA or DNA.
TEST PRACTICE!




Eukaryotic cells are different from
prokaryotic cells because
eukaryotic cells
A are much smaller.
B have permeable membranes.
C have a higher rate of reproduction.
D have nuclei.
TEST PRACTICE!




Which of these
best completes this
concept map?
A an animal cell
B a prokaryotic cell
C a virus
D a plant cell
HOMEWORK:




Read 19-1, 19-2 and 19-3 on Bacteria
and Viruses and answer the Section
Review questions. (15 pts)
DUE: TUESDAY!
Work on Cell Model
Read 7-1
Read 7-2 and Answer Section Review
Questions in notebook (5 pts)
Eukaryotic Organelle Chart

Complete the chart and label the
diagrams.
Eukaryotic Cell Model
30 points





Choose an animal cell or a plant cell.
Create a 3-D model of that cell,
including all organelles. (15 pts)
Either label the model directly or
create a key for the model. (5 pts)
You will be graded on creativity and
likeness (how close it resembles a real
cell). (10 pts)
For extra credit (10 pts), create a
bacterial cell (prokaryote) in addition.