Classification of
Angiosperms
The Flowering Plants
Two Major Groups
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Monocots
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Single cotyledon
Parallel veins
Flowers in multiples of 3’s
Dicots
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Two cotyledons
Netted veins
Flowers in multiples of 2, 4 or 5
Monocot and Dicot plant
FRUITS
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SIMPLE
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AGGREGRATE
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Dry (poppy seed, milkweed, wheat)
Fleshy (peach, plumb, apple, tomato, grape)
Flowers with several carpels
Raspberry, strawberry
MULTIPLE
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Cluster of flowers
Pineapple
Simple, aggregrate and multiple fruit
SEED STRUCTURES
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Micropyle
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Plumule
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Opening through which the pollen tube grows to
deliver pollen to the ovary (ovules)
Epicotyl + embryonic leaves
First leaves to emerge during germination
Hypocotyl
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Stem like area between radicle and cotyledon
SEED STRUCTURES (2)

Radicle
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Cotyledon
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Fleshy part of the seed; food storage for plant
embryo until germination
Hilum
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Embryonic root
First to emerge from the seed during germination
Seed scar; where seed was attached to the ovary
wall
Seed Coat
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Covers and protects the seed during dormancy
Typical Seed
Germination

Dormancy
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How do you know germination has occurred?
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Allows seed to germinate when conditions are
favorable
Radicle emerges
Leaves
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Photosynthesis begins
Cotyledons no longer needed
Factors that Trigger
Germination
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Water
Oxygen
Temperature
Light
Fire
Freezing temps.
Animal digestive tract
Hormones
Plant Hormones
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Auxins

Regulate plant growth
Hormones (2)
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Cytokinins
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Gibberellins
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Promote growth
Stimulate germination
Abscisic Acid
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Promotes cell division (roots and stems)
Inhibits growth of buds and germination
Ethylene

Gas that stimulates ripening of fruits
Hormones (3)
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Oligosaccharins
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Regulate growth and development
Defense against disease
TROPISM
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Plant movement towards or away from a
stimuli
EXAMPLES
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Phototropism (light)
Thigmotropism (touch)
Gravitropism (gravity)
Chemotropism (chemical/hormones)
Hydrotropism (water)
THE FLOWER
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The reproductive structure for the flowering
plant
Perfect Flowers
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Both stamens and carpels present
Self or cross pollination
Imperfect Flowers
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Either stamens or carpels present
Cross pollination only
Female Reproductive Parts
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Essential
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Carpel
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Stigma
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Sticky to trap pollen
Style
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Pistil (fused carpels)
Stigma, style, ovary
Tube from stigma to ovary
Ovary

Holds the ovules
Female Flower Parts
C
A
R
P
E
L
Male Reproductive Parts
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Essential
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Stamen
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Anther
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Male reproductive part
Anther and filament
Produces pollen
Filament
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Supports the anther
Male Flower Parts
Nonessential Flower Parts
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Petal
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Sepal
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Attract pollinators
Top whorl
Protect developing flower
Bottom whorl
Corolla

Both whorls
Nonessential Flower Parts
Flowers