Review II
Question and Answer
• Name the process by which a parent cell splits
into two daughter cells
• Cell Division
• What term describes the cellular process of
breaking down large molecules into smaller
ones?
• Catabolism
• Name the 3 properties of genetic
material.
1. Must carry information
2. Must be capable of being
copied
3. Must be capable of
undergoing change over
time
• What is a chromatid?
• A replicate chromosome
• What is the name for something that obtains
its organic material from other organisms
• Heterotrophs
• In the late 1950s, Meselson and Stahl grew
bacteria in a medium containing "heavy"
nitrogen (15N) and then transferred them to a
medium containing 14N.
• Draw the results you would expect after one
round of DNA replication in the presence of
14N
• In the late 1950s, Meselson and Stahl grew
bacteria in a medium containing "heavy"
nitrogen (15N) and then transferred them to a
medium containing 14N.
• Draw the results you would expect after one
round of DNA replication in the presence of
14N if the conservative model was true.
• What term is used to describe the transfer of
free energy from catabolic pathways to
anabolic pathways?
• Energy coupling
• Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series
of 5 cell divisions would produce an early
embryo with how many cells?
• 32 Cells
• If there are 20 Chromatids in a
cell, how many centromeres
are there?
10 Centromeres
• What type of reactions is this?
• Exergonic
• Use the letters, what would be the same in an
enzyme-catalyzed or noncatalyzed reaction?
• D
• What is the name of the microscopic pores
through which CO2 enters and O2 exits during
photosynthesis?
• Stomata
• A new sims game is out called “college years”
and one new important trait in the game is
alcohol tolerance (sot/light weight) Sot is the
dominate trait.
• If you cross a female Sl with a male Sl what is
the likelihood you will get a college student
who is a sot?
• ¾ or ~ 75%
• What if you cross a female ll with a male Sl?
• 2/4
½
or
~ 50%
• Draw a diploid nucleus with,
– four chromosomes
– Two pairs of homologous chromosomes
• One long
• One short
• LEAVE IT UP ON BOARD!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Make 1 long and one short dark
• Now draw what you would observe at
prometaphase of mitosis
• Whenever energy is transformed, there is
always and increase in?
• Entropy of the universe
• An Okazaki fragment has what type of
arrangement?
• 5’RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 3’
• What is the change in free energy of a system
at chemical equilibrium?
• No net change
• What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
• Light Reactions and Calvin cycle
During the light reactions what happens to
H2O?
What is released?
• H2O is split
• O2 is released
• During the light reactions what happens to
NADP+?
• NADP+ is reduced to NADPH
• Photophosphorylation is the process by which,
what occurs?
• Generate ATP from ADP
Light Reactions VS. Calvin Cycle
in photosynthesis
• Produces O2?
• Only the light reactions
Light Reactions VS. Calvin Cycle
in photosynthesis
• Requires ATP?
• Only the Calvin cycle
Light Reactions VS. Calvin Cycle
in photosynthesis
• Produces NADH?
• Neither light reactions or Calvin cycle
Light Reactions VS. Calvin Cycle
in photosynthesis
• Produces NADPH?
• Only light reactions
Light Reactions VS. Calvin Cycle
in photosynthesis
• Produces three-carbon sugars?
• Only the Calvin Cycle
Light Reactions VS. Calvin Cycle
in photosynthesis
• Requires CO2?
• Only the Calvin cycle
Light Reactions VS. Calvin Cycle
in photosynthesis
• Requires glucose?
• Neither the light reactions or calvin cycle
Light Side VS. Dark Side
in the Universe
• Who is the ultimate Jedi, who died off way to
fast?
Qui Gon Jinn
• Which curve represents the behavior of an
enzyme taken from a bacterium that lives in
hot springs at temperatures of 70 degrees C or
higher?
• Curve 3
• Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a
DNA strand in the 5’  3’ direction?
• DNA polymerase III
• At a specific area of a chromosome, the
sequence of nucleotides below is present
where the chain opens to form a replication
fork:
• 3' C C T A G G C T G C A A T C C 5'
• An RNA primer is formed starting at the
underlined T (T) of the template. What would
be its primer sequence?
• 5’ A C G U U A G G 3’
• Which term describes centrioles beginning to
move apart in animal cells?
• Prophase
Name that stage, of meiosis!
• Tetrads of chromosomes are aligned at the
equator of the spindle; alignment determines
independent assortment
• Metaphase I
Name that stage, of meiosis!
• Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs; crossing
over may occur.
• Prophase
Name that stage, of meiosis!
• Centromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and
chromatids separate
• Anaphase II
• What removes the RNA nucleotides from the
primer and adds equivalent DNA nucleotides
to the 3; end of the Okazaki fragments?
• DNA polymerase I
• What is the longest mitotic
stage?
• Metaphase
• In a plant cell where are the ATP synthase
complexes located?
• Thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane
• What separates the DNA strands during
replication?
• Helicase
• What covalently connects segments of DNA?
• Ligase
• Where are the molecules of the electron
transport chain found in plant cells?
• Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
• What synthesizes short segments of RNA?
• Primase
• Reactants capable of interacting to form
products in a chemical reaction must first
overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as
the reaction’s ???
• Activation energy
• A cell containing 92
chromatids at metaphase
of mitosis would, at
completion, produce two
nuclei each containing how
many chromosomes?
46 Chromosomes
• This is metaphase during mitosis,
–How many chromatids does this cell
have?
–Each nuclei would contain how many
chromosomes?
• 8 chromatids
• 4 chromosomes
• During mitosis if there are 20 centromeres in a
cell at anaphase, how many chromosomes are
there in each daughter cell following
cytokinesis?
• 20 chromosomes
• If there are 20 chromatids in a cell at
metaphase, how many chromosomes are
there in each daughter cell following
cytokinesis?
• 10 chromosomes
• The reduction of oxygen which forms water
occurs during?
• respiration
• Chromosomes first become visible during
which phase of mitosis?
• prophase
• The reduction of NADP+ occurs during?
• photosynthesis
• The generation of proton
gradients across membranes
occurs during?
• Photosynthesis and respiration
• Cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in a
sample of DNA. Approximately what
percentage of the nucleotides in the sample
will be thymine?
• 12%
• A gene’s location along a chromosome is
known as what?
• Locus
• In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and
fertilization results in?
• Zygotes