Boundless Lecture Slides
Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless Teaching
Platform
Boundless empowers educators to engage their students
with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive
teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform
gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in
more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular
titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books,
or make switching to our platform easier by building from
Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned
textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they
need to assign readings and assessments, monitor
student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made
teaching resources.
Using Boundless Presentations
The Appendix
The appendix is for you to use to add depth and
breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and
drop slides from the appendix into the main
presentation to make for a richer lecture
experience.
Get started now at:
http://boundless.com/teaching-platform
Free to edit, share, and copy
Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies
of the Boundless presentations as you like. We
encourage you to take these presentations and
make them your own.
If you have any questions or problems please email:
educators@boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
About Boundless
Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and
accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational
content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless
integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently
at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to
engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools
as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free
and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its
website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with
Boundless, visit boundless.com.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Protists > Groups of Protists
Groups of Protists
• Excavata
• Chromalveolata: Alveolates
• Chromalveolata: Stramenopiles
• Rhizaria
• Archaeplastida
• Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/biology
Protists > Groups of Protists
Excavata
• Excavata are a supergroup of protists that are defined by an asymmetrical
appearance with a feeding groove that is "excavated" from one side; it includes
various types of organisms which are parasitic, photosynthetic and heterotrophic
predators.
• Excavata includes the protists: Diplomonads, Parabasalids and Euglenozoans.
• Diplomonads are defined by the presence of a nonfunctional, mitochrondrialremnant organelle called a mitosome.
• Parabasalids are characterized by a semi-functional mitochondria referred to as a
hydrogenosome; they are comprised of parasitic protists, such as
<em>Giardia lamblia </em>
<em>Trichomonas vaginalis</em>.
View on Boundless.com
• Euglenozoans can be classified as mixotrophs, heterotrophs, autotrophs, and
parasites; they are defined by their use of flagella for movement.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/protists-23/groups-of-protists-147/excavata-580-11797
Protists > Groups of Protists
Chromalveolata: Alveolates
• Alveolates are classified under the group Chromalveolata which developed as a
result of a secondary endosymbiotic event.
• Dinoflagellates are defined by their flagella structure which lays perpendicular and
fits into the cellulose plates of the dinoflagellate, promoting a spinning motion.
• Apicomplexans are defined by the asymmetrical distribution of their microtubules,
fibrin, and vacuoles; they include the parasitic protist <em>Plasmodium</em>
which causes malaria.
• Ciliates are defined by the presence of cilia (such as the oral groove in the
<em>Paramecium)</em>, which beat synchronously to aid the organism in
Dinoflagellates
locomotion and obtaining nutrients.
View on Boundless.com
• Ciliates are defined by the presence of cilia, which beat synchronously, to aid the
organism in locomotion and obtaining nutrients, such as the oral groove in the
<em>Paramecium</em>.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/protists-23/groups-of-protists-147/chromalveolata-alveolates-581-11798
Protists > Groups of Protists
Chromalveolata: Stramenopiles
• Stramenophiles, also referred to as heterokonts, are a subclass of
chromalveolata, and are identified by the presence of a "hairy" flagellum.
• Diatoms, present in both freshwater and marine plankton, are unicellular
photosynthetic protists that are characterized by the presence of a cell wall
composed of silicon dioxide that displays intricate patterns.
• Golden algae, present in both freshwater and marine plankton communities, are
unicellular photosynthetic protists characterized by the presence of carotenoids
(yellow-orange photosynthetic pigments).
• Oomycetes, commonly referred to as water molds, are characterized by their
fungus-like morphology, a cellulose-based cell wall, and a filamentous network
Stramenophile structure
View on Boundless.com
used for nutrient uptake.
• Oomycetes, commonly referred to as water molds, are characterized by their
fungus-like morphology, a cellulose-based cell wall and a filamentous network
used for nutrient uptake.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/protists-23/groups-of-protists-147/chromalveolata-stramenopiles-582-11799
Protists > Groups of Protists
Rhizaria
• The needle-like pseudopodia are used to carry out a process called cytoplasmic
streaming which is a means of locomotion or distributing nutrients and oxygen.
• Two major subclassifications of Rhizaria include Forams and Radiolarians.
• Forams are characterized as unicellular heterotrophic protists that have porous
shells, referred to as tests, which can contain photosynthetic algae that the foram
can use as a nutrient source.
• Radiolarians are characterized by a glassy silica exterior that displays either
bilateral or radial symmetry.
Ammonia tepida
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/protists-23/groups-of-protists-147/rhizaria-583-11800
Protists > Groups of Protists
Archaeplastida
• Archaeplastida are typically associated with their relationship to land plants; in
addition, molecular evidence shows that Archaeplastida evolved from an
endosymbiotic relationship between a heterotrophic protist and a cyanobacterium.
• Red algae (rhodophytes), are classified as Archaeplastida and are most often
characterized by the presence of the red pigment phycoerythrin; however, there
are red algae that lack phycoerythrins and can be classified as parasites.
• Red algae typically exist as multicellular protists that lack flagella; however, they
can also exist as unicellular organisms.
• Green algae are the most abundant group of algae and can be further classified
as chlorophytes and charophytes.
<em>Volvox aureus </em>
View on Boundless.com
• Charophytes are the green algae which resemble land plants and are their closest
living relative.
• Chlorophytes are the green algae which exhibit a wide range of forms; they can
be unicellular, multicellular, or colonial.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/protists-23/groups-of-protists-147/archaeplastida-584-11801
Protists > Groups of Protists
Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta
• Amoebozoa (amoebas) can live in either marine and fresh water or in soil.
• Amoebozoa are characterized by the presence of pseudopodia, which are
extensions that can be either tube-like or flat lobes and are used for locomotion
and feeding.
• Amooebozoa can be further divided into subclassifications that include slime
molds; these can be found as both plasmodial and cellular types.
• Plasmodial slime molds are characterized by the presence of large, multinucleate
cells that have the ability to glide along the surface and engulf food particles as
they move.
Pseudopodia structures
• Cellular molds are characterized by the presence of independent amoeboid cells
View on Boundless.com
during times of nutrient abundancy and the development of a cellular mass, called
a slug, during times of nutrient depletion.
• Archamoebae, Flabellinea, and Tubulinea are also groups of Amoebozoa; their
defining characteristics include: Archamoebae lack mitochondria; Flabellinea
flatten during locomotion and lack a shell and flagella; Tubulinea have a rough
cylindrical form during locomotion with cylindrical pseudopodia.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/protists-23/groups-of-protists-147/amoebozoa-and-opisthokonta-585-11802
Appendix
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Protists
Key terms
• conjugation the temporary fusion of organisms, especially as part of sexual reproduction
• endosymbiotic that lives within a body or cells of another organism
• hydrogenosome a membrane-bound organelle found in ciliates, trichomonads, and fungi which produces molecular hydrogen
and ATP
• kinetoplast a disk-shaped mass of circular DNA inside a large mitochondrion, found specifically in protozoa of the class
Kinetoplastea
• mitosome an organelle found within certain unicellular eukaryotes which lack mitochondria
• osmoregulation the homeostatic regulation of osmotic pressure in the body in order to maintain a constant water content
• plankton a generic term for all the organisms that float in the sea
• plasmodium a mass of cytoplasm, containing many nuclei, created by the aggregation of amoeboid cells of slime molds during
their vegetative phase
• plastid any of various organelles found in the cells of plants and algae, often concerned with photosynthesis
• pseudopodia temporary projections of eukaryotic cells
• raphe a ridge or seam on an organ, bodily tissue, or other structure, especially at the join between two halves or sections
• rhizaria a species-rich supergroup of mostly unicellular eukaryotes that for the most part are amoeboids with filose, reticulose,
or microtubule-supported pseudopods
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Protists
• saprobe an organism that lives off of dead or decaying organic material
• sporangia an enclosure in which spores are formed (also called a fruiting body)
• stipe the stem of a kelp
• test the external calciferous shell of a foram
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Protists
<em>Giardia lamblia </em>
The mammalian intestinal parasite <em>Giardia lamblia,</em> visualized here using scanning electron microscopy, is a waterborne protist that causes
severe diarrhea when ingested.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "Print ." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_02.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
Life cycle of <em>Trypanosoma brucei </em>
<em>Trypanosoma brucei,</em> the causative agent of sleeping sickness, spends part of its life cycle in the tsetse fly and part in humans.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_03.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
Dinoflagellates
The dinoflagellates exhibit great diversity in shape.Many are encased in cellulose armor and have two flagella that fit in grooves between the
plates.Movement of these two perpendicular flagella causes a spinning motion.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "Print ." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_04.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
<em>Paramecium</em>: sexual reproduction
The complex process of sexual reproduction in <em>Paramecium</em> creates eight daughter cells from two original cells.Each cell has a
macronucleus and a micronucleus.During sexual reproduction, the macronucleus dissolves and is replaced by a micronucleus.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_07.png View on Boundless.com
Protists
Parasitic apicomplexans
(a) Apicomplexans are parasitic protists.They have a characteristic apical complex that enables them to infect host cells.(b) Plasmodium, the causative
agent of malaria, has a complex life cycle typical of apicomplexans.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "Print ." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_05ab.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence is emitted from dinoflagellates in a breaking wave, as seen from the New Jersey coast.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "Print ." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_05.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
Paramecium
Paramecium has a primitive mouth (called an oral groove) to ingest food and an anal pore to excrete it. Contractile vacuoles allow the organism to
excrete excess water.Cilia enable the organism to move.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "Basic CMYK ." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_06ab.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
Diatoms
Assorted diatoms, visualized here using light microscopy, live among annual sea ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.Diatoms range in size from 2 to 200
µm.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "Print ." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_09.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
Brown algae life cycle
Several species of brown algae, such as the <em>Laminaria</em> shown here, have evolved life cycles in which both the haploid (gametophyte) and
diploid (sporophyte) forms are multicellular.The gametophyte is different in structure from the sporophyte.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_10.png View on Boundless.com
Protists
Oomycete
A saprobic oomycete engulfs a dead insect.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "Print ." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_11.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
Stramenophile structure
This stramenopile cell has a single hairy flagellum and a secondary smooth flagellum.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "CNX_Biology_Colors_Spot_2 ." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_08.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
Ammonia tepida
Ammonia tepida, a Rhizaria species viewed here using phase contrast light microscopy, exhibits many threadlike pseudopodia.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "Print ." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_12.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
Forams
These shells from foraminifera sank to the sea floor.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "Print ." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_13.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
Radiolarian shell
This fossilized radiolarian shell was imaged using a scanning electron microscope.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "Print ." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_14.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
<em>Caulerpa taxifolia </em>
<em>Caulerpa taxifolia</em> is a chlorophyte consisting of a single cell containing potentially thousands of nuclei.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "Print ." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_16.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
<em>Volvox aureus </em>
<em>Volvox aureus</em> is a green alga in the supergroup Archaeplastida.This species exists as a colony, consisting of cells immersed in a gel-like
matrix and intertwined with each other via hair-like cytoplasmic extensions.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "Print ." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_15.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
Plasmodial slime mold: Physarum polycephalum
Physarum polycephalum is an example of a cellular slime mold.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Fuligo92-300." CC BY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fuligo92-300.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
Badhamia utricularis
Badhamia utricularis: an example of a plasmodial slime mold with the ability to form a fruiting body.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Badhamia utricularis mature." CC BY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Badhamia_utricularis_mature.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
Pseudopodia structures
Amoebae with tubular and lobe-shaped pseudopodia, such as the ones seen under this microscope, would be morphologically classified as
amoebozoans.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Connexions. "Print ." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/Figure_23_03_17.jpg View on Boundless.com
Protists
A new protist is discovered that: has two long flagella which
provide a means of locomotion; has a distinct groove to one side;
and can obtain nutrients by either a heterotrophic or autotrophic
method. This protist can be classified as:
A) an euglenozoan
B) a parabasalid
C) a diplomonad
D) a mitosome
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Protists
A new protist is discovered that: has two long flagella which
provide a means of locomotion; has a distinct groove to one side;
and can obtain nutrients by either a heterotrophic or autotrophic
method. This protist can be classified as:
A) an euglenozoan
B) a parabasalid
C) a diplomonad
D) a mitosome
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Protists
Which of the following is a characteristic of Dinoflagellates?
A) encased by interlocking plates made of cellulose
B) asymmetrically distributed vacuoles
C) covered in rows of tiny cilia
D) surrounded by a pellicle for protection
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Protists
Which of the following is a characteristic of Dinoflagellates?
A) encased by interlocking plates made of cellulose
B) asymmetrically distributed vacuoles
C) covered in rows of tiny cilia
D) surrounded by a pellicle for protection
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Protists
All of the following are Stramenopiles EXCEPT:
A) heterokonts.
B) unikonts.
C) diatoms.
D) oomycetes.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Protists
All of the following are Stramenopiles EXCEPT:
A) heterokonts.
B) unikonts.
C) diatoms.
D) oomycetes.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Protists
Which of the following characteristics is unique to Diatoms?
A) silicon dioxide shells
B) unicellular organisms
C) photosynthetic activities
D) live in colonies
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Protists
Which of the following characteristics is unique to Diatoms?
A) silicon dioxide shells
B) unicellular organisms
C) photosynthetic activities
D) live in colonies
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
OpenStax OER. "OpenStax College." CC BY 3.0 http://openstaxcollege.org/
Protists
Which of these describes the largest difference between the
shells of Foraminiferans and Radiolarians?
A) Foram shells dissolve when the organism dies, while Radiolarian
shells sink to the bottom.
B) Foram shells have pointy spines,while Radiolarian shells are
completely smooth.
C) Foram shells exhibit radial symmetry, while Radiolarian shells exhibit
bilateral symmetry.
D) Foram shells are made of calcium carbonate, while Radilarians have
shells made of silica.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Protists
Which of these describes the largest difference between the
shells of Foraminiferans and Radiolarians?
A) Foram shells dissolve when the organism dies, while Radiolarian
shells sink to the bottom.
B) Foram shells have pointy spines,while Radiolarian shells are
completely smooth.
C) Foram shells exhibit radial symmetry, while Radiolarian shells exhibit
bilateral symmetry.
D) Foram shells are made of calcium carbonate, while Radilarians have
shells made of silica.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Protists
Red algae differ from green algae in that the red algae:
A) can be subdivided into chlorophytes and charophytes
B) must contain phycoerythrins to be classifed as a red algae
C) are primarily multicellular
D) contain flagella which are used a sensor
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Protists
Red algae differ from green algae in that the red algae:
A) can be subdivided into chlorophytes and charophytes
B) must contain phycoerythrins to be classifed as a red algae
C) are primarily multicellular
D) contain flagella which are used a sensor
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Protists
Which of the following traits are associated with the protists
classified as slime molds?
A) the pseudopodia associated with amoebozoa are hair-like
B) the ability to produce spores that develop into a haploid zygote
C) all these choices
D) the ability to exist singly or as an aggregate of cells known as a slug
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Protists
Which of the following traits are associated with the protists
classified as slime molds?
A) the pseudopodia associated with amoebozoa are hair-like
B) the ability to produce spores that develop into a haploid zygote
C) all these choices
D) the ability to exist singly or as an aggregate of cells known as a slug
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Protists
Attribution
• Connexions. "Groups of Protists." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/?collection=col11448/latest
• Wiktionary. "kinetoplast." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kinetoplast
• Wiktionary. "hydrogenosome." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydrogenosome
• Wiktionary. "mitosome." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mitosome
• Connexions. "Groups of Protists." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/?collection=col11448/latest
• Wiktionary. "conjugation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conjugation
• Wiktionary. "osmoregulation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/osmoregulation
• Wiktionary. "plastid." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plastid
• Connexions. "Groups of Protists." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/?collection=col11448/latest
• Wiktionary. "stipe." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stipe
• Wiktionary. "saprobe." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/saprobe
• Wiktionary. "raphe." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/raphe
• Connexions. "Groups of Protists." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/?collection=col11448/latest
• Wiktionary. "test." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/test
• Wikipedia. "pseudopodia." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pseudopodia
• Connexions. "Groups of Protists." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/?collection=col11448/latest
• Wiktionary. "plankton." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plankton
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Protists
• Wiktionary. "endosymbiotic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/endosymbiotic
• Connexions. "Groups of Protists." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/?collection=col11448/latest
• Wikipedia. "Tubulinea." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubulinea
• Wikipedia. "Flabellinea." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flabellinea
• Wikipedia. "Archamoebae." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archamoebae
• Wikipedia. "Rhizaria." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizaria
• Wikibooks. "Structural Biochemistry/Genome Analysis/Sequenced Genomes." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Genome_Analysis/Sequenced_Genomes#Amoebozoa
• Wikipedia. "sporangia." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sporangia
• Wiktionary. "plasmodium." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plasmodium
• Wikipedia. "rhizaria." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rhizaria
• Wikibooks. "Structural Biochemistry/Three Domains of Life/Eukarya." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Eukarya
• Connexions. "Groups of Protists." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44617/latest/?collection=col11448/latest
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com