The Protists
Today’s Focus – Animal-Like
By Evil Evil Evil Mr. Bleecker
You Know, the Guy who Marks all your work 
Protists – Unicellular
Eukaryotes
Protists
•
•
•
•
•
•
Plant-like
Animal-like
Fungi-like
Resemble other Kingdoms
Belong to None of them
E.g.. A plant cell with no cell wall that
swims around photosynthesizing and eating
it’s neighbors – whazzup wit dat?!
Animal-Like Protists
Classification Scheme
1. Ciliophora – ciliated
2. Zoomastigina – flagellated
3. Sporozoa – spore formers
that cannot move
4. Sarcodina – ameba-like
protists
Ciliophora – eg. Paramecium
• Solitary or
colonial
• Uses ciliary
beating
motion to
move around
• Cilia also
used to help
feed
Ciliophora Cell Parts
• Cell Membrane
• Pellicle – folds of membrane
• Gullet – food is swept into this by cilia
• Anal Pore
• Micro/Macronucleus
• Trichocysts – harpoons for attacking prey
• Vacuoles
1. Food
2. Water Vacuoles
3. Waste – goes out pore
Reproduction
• Binary Fission
• Sexual reproduction by meiosis and gamete
production also occurs
Zoomastigina
•
•
•
•
Ecology: Ponds, Lakes
Motion: Flagella
Nutrition: Absorb food through membrane
Reproduction:
– Asexually by Binary Fission
– Sexually by gamete production (Meiosis)
• Diseases: Parasitic – eg. Giardia (Beaver Fever)
African Sleeping Sickness – Trympanosoma
Trypanosoma – a Sporozoan Parasite that Causes
Sleeping Sickness – Invading Red Blood Cells
Flagellar Advancements
are Amazing
• Tubulin Protein units
• 9+2 Arrangement
• Not seen in bacteria in
this level of complexity
with protein units
• Swimming “beat” vs. the
“corkscrew motion” of
prokaryotic flagella
Here’s How Cilia and Flagella work –
Sweeping Motions
Sporozoa = Spore Forming Protists
• Ecology:
worms,
• Motion:
• Nutrition:
Parasites found living on birds,
insects, fish, humans
None
Parasitic – Actively absorb food
through membrane
• Reproduction:
– Asexually by Binary Fission
– Sexually by gamete production (Meiosis)
• Diseases: Plasmodium vivax causes Malaria
Anopholes
Mosquito
has P. Vivax
living in its
gut lining
Sarcodina = “Jelly”
• Ecology:
Streams, Lakes
• Motion:
Cytoplasmic streaming by Pseudopods
• Nutrition: Heterotrophic/Parasitic – Actively
absorb food through membrane
• Reproduction:
– Sexually by gamete production (Meiosis)
• Diseases: Amebic Dysentery
• Notables: Some Sarcodines have a crystal casing 
An Amoeba – so Cute 
Why we Never Drink in
the Lab 
What the?! Hey! This is lemonade!
Where’s my vial of Amebic Dysentery!?
The Sarcodines are Responsible
for Crystal Deposits in Ocean
Sand
• SiO2 – silicon dioxide shells. Pretty and
used extensively in cosmetics.
• CaCO3 – calcium carbonate shells, from
foraminerferans, that form a large
component of the White Cliffs of Dover in
England 
The Protists
Day Two – Plant-Like
By Evil Evil Evil Mr. Bleecker
You Know, the Guy who Marks all your work 
Now that you are a protozoan pro, do
you remember the next group of
protists – those that make their own
food?
Plant-like
protists
The Plant-Like Protists
The main phyla of these plant-like protists
you’ll examine are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Euglenaphyta
Pyrrophyta
Chrysophyta
Slime Molds
(Euglena)
(Dinoflagellates)
(Diatoms or Golden Algae)
(Fungus-like)
Let’s take a look…
Euglena
The euglena
performs
photosynthesis like
a plant, but has a
flagellum and
moves around like a
protozoan – cool!
http://www.bgbm.org/kusber/images/euglena.gif
Euglenophyta – Flagellated Protists
Euglena
Dinoflagellates
• have 2 flagella that
make them spin; some
can secrete dangerous
toxins – one example is
the red tides caused
by Pfiesteria, which
lead to fish kills
http://www.infectiousdiseasenews.com/199906/S9a06587.gif
Red Tide caused by the Dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve
Chrysophyta – the Diatoms
This phylum of algae is noted
for its symmetry and beautiful
glass shells
Called phylum chrysophata
after their beautiful
“crystalline” shells
The Slime
molds
• Slime molds obtain
food through
decomposition of
organic material
• This is a slime mold -commonly found on
grass. It’s called the
dog vomit slime mold
– eewww, gross!
Endosymbiotic Theory
• The theory that critters took up permanent
residence in cells, forming a symbiosis
– Ex. Chloroplasts & Mitochondria
– But the list is actually larger (potentially)
Matching:
match each protozoan with it’s mode of locomotion
Cilia (ciliaphora)
Flagella (mastigophora)
Pseudopod (sarcodina)
Click to see the correct answers
What protozoan doesn’t
move? Click again to see answer…
Sporozoa
No, but you
can start 18.3
#1 to 4
Bring your lab
books
tomorrow!!