Kingdom
Protista


Quiz:Tues. 12/6 over
microscopes and protists
Test:Tues. 12/13 over
microscopes, protists,
transport, respiration,
photosynthesis
Classification of Protists
Kingdom
with the most diverse
members
 Unicellular
and multicellular
 Heterotrophs, autotrophs, or both
 Various types of cell walls
Are all Eukaryotes!!
(nucleus!)
Classifydo
bywe
how
they obtain
So…how
classify
them??
nutrition
Animal
Plant
Like—Heterotrophs
Like—Autotrophs
Amoeba
Fungus
Like—Decomposer, Parasites
This classification system does not
explain evolutionary relationships and
will probably change in the future.
Also classified by how they
move
Some
use pseudopods (false feet)
Some use flagella (like a whip)
Some use cilia (tiny hair like structures)
Some don’t move at all
This classification system does not
explain evolutionary relationships and
will probably change in the future.
Amoeba Movement Video
Animal-Like Protists
 Amoeba
and Entamoeba
 Pseudopods
are temporary
projections of cytoplasm (false feet)
Animal-Like Protists
Flagellates:
 Have
flagella-whip like structure that aid
in movement
EX: Triconympha—lives
in the gut of
termites and helps digest wood
Trypanosomas—African sleeping
sickness caused by bite of a Tsetse fly
Animal-Like Protists
Ciliates: Move
with cilia
 Hair-like
projections used for
moving and catching food
 EX: Paramecium
Gullet for food intake
Contractile Vacuole—used
to pump out excess water
from the cell
Animal-Like Protists
 Phylum
Sporozoans—parasitic protists
 Nonmotile—do not move
 EX: Plasmodium—causes Malaria, carried by
Anopheles mosquito
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=8GPn9rqg_HA
Ecology of Animal-Like Protists
Why
Live
are they important??
symbiotically with
other organism (termites
gut)
Live in lakes/oceans, bottom
of marine food chain
(zooplankton)
Recycle nutrients/make
organic matter
Plant-Like Protists—Algae
Unicellular
and multicellular
Autotrophs
Produce most of the worlds oxygen
Use chlorophyll and accessory
pigments to collect light
Unicellular Algae—Diatoms
Glass-like
cell walls made of silica
Forms diatomaceous soil when they
die and sink to the ocean floor.
Uses:
 Filter
ponds
 Abrasive in cleaners
 Brightener in paints
 Kills pests (slices exoskeleton)
Diatoms
Unicellular Algae—Euglena
Has
2 flagella
Contractile vacuole—
pumps out excess water
to maintain homeostasis
Pellicle—Cell wall
Eye spots—detect light
Both heterotrophic and
autotrophic (plant and
animal like)
Euglena
Multicellular Algae
Volvox: colonial
algae
Red Algaeused to
make agar
Pond scum
Brown Algae:
Sea Kelp
Diseases…
Giardia
- causes humans to
become sick when drink
water with cyst
Gonyaulax - produces toxins
that paralyze and kill (red
tide)
Potato blight - threatened
crops in Ireland, potato
famine 1846
Toxoplasmosis- found in cat
feces, can be fatal to
developing fetus
Videos
 Pond
water video—good amoeba and euglena
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kB6vgZi99gw
 Amoeba eating—good to look at after talking
about active transport
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojrkxmD6tT8&
feature=related
Cellular Processes of Protists
Active Transport
Moves
substances against concentration
gradient
Move from HIGH to LOW conc.
Bulk Transport
 Endocytosis
(a)


– in to cell
Phagocytosis movement of
large solid molecules into
the cell
Pinocytosis is the ingestion
of extracellular fluid
 Exocytosis
moves large
molecules out of cell
(b)

Ex: proteins, waste
Click Picture
for Video
Passive or Active?
Passive(no ATP)
Simple diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
High  Low
Active(requires ATP)
Endocytosis
 Phagocytosis
 Pinocytosis
Exocytosis
Low
 High