Title Here
Probing the Epoch of Reionization
with the
Tomographic Ionized-carbon
Mapping Experiment (TIME)
Jamie Bock
Caltech / JPL
CCAT Workshop, Boulder CO
21 September 2012
Large Scale
Structure
Title Here
HerMES Lockman Survey Field
3.6°
Title Here Clustering
Use Maps to Measure
Title
Here
An Example of
Intensity
Mapping
TitleDark
Here Matter and Galaxies
Relationship Between
Halo Clustering Model
Cooray &
Sheth 2002
Large Scale
Structure
Title Here
HerMES Lockman Survey Field
3.6°
Title Here of SPIRE Maps
Spatial Power Spectrum
Viero et al. arXiv 1208.5049
Here
Advantages ofTitle
Intensity
Mapping
Measuring to the Galactic Ensemble
• Luminosity function
• Total photon production
• Large-scale structure
Science Applications
• Galaxy evolution
• Link between dark matter and galaxy formation
• Epoch of Reionization?
• Baryon Acoustic Oscillations?
Observationally Expedient
• Does not require a large telescope!
Title SPIRE
Here
kSZ and Galaxies:
& mm-wave
Precise Measures of kSZ and tSZ
SPT
Herschel/SPIRE
250 um
350 um
Correlate FIR galaxies
with CMB lensing
projected potential:
CMB lensing x CIB
500 um
Title Herefrom the EOR?
Near-IR Fluctuations
Kashlinsky et al. 2005
3.6 um
4.5 um
2p/q [arcsec]
10 arcmin
Akari
2.4 um
3.2 um
4.1 um
Matsumoto et al. 2010
Title Here
Advantages of Line
Intensity Mapping
Measuring to the Galactic Ensemble
• Luminosity function
• Total photon production
• Large-scale structure
Science Applications
• Galaxy evolution
• Link between dark matter and galaxy formation
• Epoch of Reionization!
• Baryon Acoustic Oscillations!
Observationally Expedient
• Does not require a large telescope!
• Does require a high-AW spectrometer
TitlePredictions
Here
C+ Theory
Simulated Sky in C+
Gong, Cooray et al. 2012, ApJ 745, 49G
• C+ serves as a tracer of star formation
• The clustering signal traces total luminosity
-> unlike a flux-limited galaxy survey
• Use C+ to spatially trace SF during the reionization epoch
Title
CO
vsHere
C+
CO for EOR studies: Visbal & Loeb 2010, Carilli 2011, Lidz et al. 2011, Gong et al. 2011
TitleContamination?
Here
CO Foreground
Gong et al. 2012, ApJ 745, 49G
TIME:
HereMapping Experiment
TomographicTitle
Ionized-C
Experiment
Aperture Diameter
Survey Area
Total Integration Time
Free Spectral Range
Frequency Resolution
Bolometers
Spectral Channels
Spatial Pixels
Beam FWHM
Beams in Survey Area
Noise Equiv. Intensity
Units
m
sq. degrees
hours
GHz
GHz
#
#
#
arcmin
#
MJy√s / sr
Int. Time per Beam
z = 4.5 PNCII
z = 6 PNCII
z = 7 PNCII
z = 8 PNCII
hours
(Jy2/sr2) Mpc3/h3
(Jy2/sr2) Mpc3/h3
(Jy2/sr2) Mpc3/h3
(Jy2/sr2) Mpc3/h3
1
4.4
2600
2.5
100
TIME-Full
TIME-Pilot
3
10
10
16
0.01
4000
120
185 - 310
245 - 420
0.4
0.65
20,000
265
312
265
64
1
1.5
0.4
0.3
23,000 260,000
200
6 – 50
10
5.4 x 109
4.8 x 109
4.4 x 109
1
0.6
430 x 109
100 x 109
-
Title HerePredictions
TIME C+ Sensitivity
±1s error in
MZ – M relation
Visbal & Loeb
D2CO* (104)2
Lidz et al. 2011
D2CO*40002
agrees with
Gong C+ model
at z = 7
LCII from
Visbal & Loeb
10 m
Gong et al. 2012, ApJ 745, 49G
Using 21 cm
C+ Together
Title &
Here
C+ and 21 cm Cross-Correlation
Gong et al. 2012, ApJ 745, 49G
2.5 arcmin
• Star formation rate vs. z
• Ionization state vs. z
• Bubble size
TitleSensitivity
Here
TIME-Pilot
z=6
4.5
3.7
Goals:
• Measure C+ fluctuation amplitude
• Constrain high-J CO fluctuations by cross-band correlations
• Determine atmospheric noise after spectral template subtraction
Title
Here
Filter-Bank
Spectrometer
• Radiation propagates down main feed line
• Resonators respond in narrow bands
• Couple to power detector (MKID or TES)
Credit: Jonas Zmuidzinas
See talk by Matt Bradford later today!
7 mm
Title Here Test Device
SuperSpec: 80-Channel
Erik Shirokoff, chip design
Title Here
Conclusions
EOR Science accessible with a 3-m class
dedicated telescope
A moderate pilot experiment can probe
C+ signal amplitude at lower z
Develop new filter-band spectrometer
technologies for CCAT
TitleLow-NEP
Here
TES Bolometers
Work with SQUID TD Mux
Power Spectra
in 3 Bands
Title Here
Viero et al. arXiv 1208.5049
Title Here
Inverted
microstrip
stack
Erik Shirokoff, SuperSpec chip design
TitleGalaxies
Here
High Redshift
in HerMES
500
um
New: Galaxies with Red
Colors
peaked
Obtainsources
mm-wave redshifts (CO, C+)!!
Are they cold or at high redshift (z=4-7)?
250 um 350 um 500 um
*
APEX
ZSPEC: Bolometric spectrometer
CSO
*Confusion reduced S(500) – fS(250)
Red Source Abundance Dowell 2011, in prep.
Red Source Case Study Riechers 2011, in prep.
PdBI
CARMA
TitletoHere
Use Clustering
Probe Reionization
Spatial Power Spectrum
Electromagnetic Spectrum
See Cooray et al. 2004, Kashlinsky 2004
Why CIBER is Robust to Systematic Errors
• Zodiacal Smoothness?
• Flat Field?
• 1/f noise?
• Galaxies?
• Foregrounds?
• Anything else?
Observe at different times of year
Use difference images, lab flat
Assess using sky differences
Large ℓ separation from EOR
EOR has very different colors
Cross-correlate with Spitzer