PROTEINS
BUILT BY INSTRUCTIONS FOUND IN
DNA
GENE = DNA INSTRUCTIONS FOR
ONE PROTEIN
Elements
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Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen – (NH2 groups = amino group!)
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Polymers of amino acids
Polymers of amino acids
20 different
kinds
Essential vs
“Nonessential”
Food Sources
Vegetarianism…
• Essential vs non-essential amino acids
• Vegan vs vegetarian
• Article discussion…
Classes
Fibrous
Globular
Functions?
• Shape is critical to function!
3d shape: demonstration
Structure and Function
• 3d shape of the protein is incredibly
important!!!
• If it changes shape, it probably won’t be able
to do its job anymore.
• DENATURE
• http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/ani
mations/content/proteinstructure.html
SO WHAT DO PROTEINS DO?
Functions video (not high quality)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T500B5yT
y58
• http://www.sparknotes.com/health/aminoaci
ds/section2.rhtml
Contractile proteins
• movement
Structural Proteins
• Support
• protection
Transport Proteins
• Cell membrane and in blood (hemoglobin)
Communication
• Receptor proteins
• Hormones
demo
• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/
tour/
Antibodies
• Immune system
Enzymes
• Biological catalysts
Functions
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Receptor proteins - Communication
Maintain fluid balance (blood)
Structural proteins – support
Contractile proteins - movement
Transport proteins – in cell membrane,
hemoglobin
• Antibodies – immune system
• Hormones (communication)
• Biological catalysts (speed up chemical reactions)
- ENZYMES
3D shape: modeling
• Obtain a strip of paper. Mark off every 2
blocks.
• Pick out two squares – leaving space between
them – and color them yellow. Do the same
for red, blue, green, and purple.
• Color in the rest of the squares with your
choice of colors, in any order you wish…
the colored strip
• This represents PRIMARY STRUCTURE for an
amino acid.
• Describe primary structure in your notebook.
3D shape: modeling part 2
• Now take your strip and fold it as
demonstrated.
• This represents SECONDARY STRUCTURE.
3D shape: modeling part 3
• Yellow is attracted to yellow. Use a stapler to
attach your yellow squares together.
• Blue and Red are attracted to one another.
Use a stapler to attach those together.
• Green and purple are attracted to one
Questions to answer…
• What types of bonds hold the amino acids
together?
• What types of bonds hold the 3d shape of a
protein together?
• Can these “stabilizing bonds” withstand heat?
• What happens to a protein when it gets heated?