Royal Power Grows
Chapter 8 Sect 1
Royal Power Grows
High Middle Ages (1000-1300)
I.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Monarchs began to centralize power
Set up a system of royal justice.
Created their own armies and tax
systems
Started appealing more to the middle
class for support.
Royal Power Grows
William of Normandy
II.
Conquered England by raising an army and
getting support from the Pope. (1066)
Granted land to the Church
Took a census in 1086 called the
“Domesday Book”
A.
B.
C.
1.
2.
Listed every castle, field, and building in
England.
Help build a system of tax collections and
treasuries.
Royal Power Grows
Royal Power Grows
Henry II
III.
Expanded law in England by accepting
customs as law.
Common Law-Legal system based on
customs and court rulings.
A.
B.
1.
C.
D.
Applied these rules to EVERYONE, not just the
upper class.
Developed an early jury system
Caused a bitter dispute w/ the church
(p.246)
Royal Power Grows
King John
IV.
Lost battles with King Phillip II of France,
Pope Innocent III, and many of his own
English Nobles.
English Nobles forced him to sign MAGNA
CARTA in 1215.
A.
B.
1.
2.
3.
Granted certain rights to citizens in England and
placed rules on the Monarch
Due Process- Government cannot take away
your rights without a trial.
Habeas Corpus- You cannot be held in prison
without being charged of a crime
Royal Power Grows
Parliament
V.
House of Lords- made up of nobles and
high clergy.
House of Commons- Knights and middle
class. (King Edward in 1295)
Limited the power of the King
A.
B.
C.
1.
King had to meet Parliaments demands before
they would sign things for him. (Known as
“power of the purse”)
Royal Power Grows
Capetian Kings
VI.
A.
B.
Hugh Capet- Made the French throne
hereditary.
Built a bureaucracy and collected taxes to
strengthen the throne
Phillip Augustus
VII.
A.
B.
C.
Paid middle class officials for loyalty
Chartered new towns and introduced a
national tax.
Conquered land from England and was the
most powerful ruler in Europe
Royal Power Grows
VIII.
Louis IX
Very religious and persecuted those who
went against the church
He expanded royal courts and created a
strong national feeling among his subjects.
After a struggle with the Pope, he created
the Estates General in 1302.
The Estates General was made up of 3
classes:
A.
B.
C.
D.
1.
2.
3.
Clergy
Nobles
Townspeople
Section 8 Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
During the High Middle Ages, the balance
of power shifted from the people to whom?
Who required everyone to swear allegiance
to him?
What was Henry II’s greatest
accomplishment?
Which French King led a series of
“Crusades”?
Which term means you cannot be
imprisoned without being charged of a
crime?
Section 8 Review
1.
During the High Middle Ages, the
balance of power shifted from the people
to whom?
1.
2.
The monarchs
Who required everyone to swear
allegiance to him?
2.
William the Conqueror
Section 8 Review
3.
What was Henry II’s greatest
accomplishment?
3.
4.
Which French King led a series of
“Crusades”?
4.
5.
Developing a unified legal system
Louis IX
Which term means you cannot be imprisoned
without being charged of a crime?
5.
Habeas Corpus
Section 2
The Holy Roman Empire and the
Church
(926 A.D.-1806 A.D.)
Vocab
Holy Roman Empire- The empire of west
central Europe from 962 to 1806,
comprising present day Germany and
neighboring lands.
 Henry IV- King of Germany who became
Holy Roman emperor. He was
excommunicated from the church by
Gregory VII.

Vocab
Pope Gregory VII- made many reforms
that people did not like. He banned the
practice of lay investiture and
excommunicated Henry IV.
 Lay investiture- appointment of bishops by
anyone who is not a member of the clergy.
 Frederick Barbarrosa- Holy Roman
emperor who tried to bring all of Italy
under his control

Vocab

Pope Innocent III- He claimed supremacy
over all rulers. He launched a crusade in
France in 1209.
Holy Roman Empire and the
Church
Otto I
I.
Took the title of the King of Germany
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Worked very closely with the Church
962- Crowned as the first emperor of the Holy
Roman Empire
German emperors had their vassals rule the
land but could not control them
They battled popes over the appointment of
bishops within the areas.
Holy Roman Empire and the
Church
Feuds between Popes and Emperors
II.
Pope Gregory VII wanted the Church
independent of secular rule.
A.
1.
Henry IV-Argued he could appoint bishops
since they were on his fiefs (lands).
B.
1.
C.
Ended Lay Investiture-Process of Kings or lords
appointing or “investing” in bishops
German princes undermined Henry and support
the pope.
Gregory VII-Excommunicated Henry IV and
tried to crown a new emperor
Holy Roman Empire and the
Church
1.
Henry confessed as a sinner to be forgiven so
2.
he could retake control of Germany.
Led an army to Rome to exile the Pope.
Concordat of Worms- Church elected and
installed bishops. Emperors still gave them
fiefs.
D.
Struggle for Italy
III.
Frederick I (Barbarossa) tried to bring the
wealthy cities of Italy under his rule
A.
1.
Could never accomplish this because the
Italians fought back and joined the Lombard
League.
The Holy Roman Empire and the
Church
2.
3.
B.
C.
Arranged a marriage between his son and the
heiress of Sicily.
Frederick II (son of Frederick I) tried to take over
Italy but failed.
German nobles grew independent while he
focused on Italy.
Italy turned to the French to get rid of
Frederick’s heirs.
1.
A local uprising against French rule led to 200
years of fighting which completely destroyed the
city.
The Holy Roman Empire and the
Church
Church Power Reaches Its Height
IV.
Pope Innocent III took control in 1198.
A.
1.
Waged a holy war against heretics of S.
France. (Albigensians)
B.
1.
2.
C.
D.
Claimed supremacy over all rulers.
Tens of thousands of people were slaughtered.
Strengthened the Church’s power.
Innocent also reformed the church
After his death, French & English monarchs
strengthened and challenged the pope’s
power.
Sect. 3 Terms, People, Places
1.
2.
3.
Crusades- A series of wars where
Christians tried to gain control of the Holy
Lands from the Muslims.
Holy Lands- Lands between Palestine
and Jerusalem where Christians believed
Jesus was born.
Pope Urban II- Called for the 1st Crusade
to win back the Holy Land and gain more
power in Europe.
Sect. 3 Terms, People, Places
4. Reconquista- The campaign by European
Christians to drive Muslims from presentday Spain.
5. Ferdinand and Isabella- Their marriage in
1469 unified Spain and help complete the
Reconquista.
6. Inquisition- A Church court set up by
Isabella to try people accused of heresy in
Spain.
Section 3
The Crusades and the Wider
World
Vocab
1.
2.
3.
4.
Crusades- A series of wars over the Holy
Land.
Holy Land- Jerusalem and other places
in Palestine where Christians believe
Christ lived and preached.
Pope Urban II- Pope who called for a
Crusade to take back the Holy Land.
Reconquista- The campaign to drive
Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula
Vocab
5.
6.
Ferdinand and Isabella- Their marriage
unified Spain. They made a final push to
drive the Muslims from Spain.
Inquisition- A church court set up to try
people of heresy.
The Crusades and the Wider World
Crusades-Christian battled Muslims for
control of Holy Lands in the Middle East.
The World in 1050
I.
II.
A.
B.
C.
Islam was established from Spain to India
Civilizations were growing all over the
world.
1071-Islamic Turks from Central Asia had
taken over Holy lands of the Byzantine
Empire.
The Crusades and the Wider World
1.
This kept Christians from making pilgrimages to
the Holy Land.
The Crusades
III.
Byzantine Emperor Alexius I asked Pope
Urban II for Christian Knights to fight the
Muslim Turks.
Urban called for a Crusade for the Holy
Land at Council of Clermont in 1095.
A.
B.
1.
Hoped to increase power in Europe and end the
split between the Romans and Byzantines.
The Crusades and the Wider World
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
1st Crusade-Christian knights massacred
Muslims & Jews in Jerusalem (1099).
Muslim kept trying to destroy Christian
Crusader states, leading to more crusades.
Saladin- Muslim leader who took control of
Jerusalem in 1187 but did allow Christians to
pilgrimages.
Crusaders started fighting with other
Christians and overthrew Constantinople.
Muslims eventually overthrew all crusader
states and in 1291 massacred Christians
after taking the last Christian post.
The Crusades and the Wider World
The Effects of the Crusades
IV.
Crusades led to religious turmoil
throughout Europe and the Middle East.
A.
1.
2.
B.
C.
D.
Muslims vs. Christians
Christians vs. Jews
Crusades strengthened Muslims by uniting
rival Muslim groups from Egypt to Syria.
Crusades strengthened monarch’s ability to
tax.
Curiosity of new lands led to explorations
from Europe to the wider world.
The Crusades and the Wider World
E.
F.
Trade also increased and expanded as
Crusaders brought back fabrics, spices, and
perfumes from the Middle East.
This encouraged the growth of a money
economy.
The Crusades and the Wider World
The Reconquista
V.
A.
B.
C.
Moors- Muslims from North Africa who
conquered most of present day Spain in
the 700s.
Christian Kingdoms started expanding and
taking over Muslim lands, starting the
Reconquista.
Over the next 200 years, Christian cities
moved southward and in 1140 established
the Kingdom of Portugal.
The Crusades and the Wider World
D.
E.
F.
By 1300, Christians had taken over the
Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) but
Muslim influence remained very strong.
1469- Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of
Castile married and united the state of
Spain and completed the Reconquista in
1492.
Ferdinand and Isabella wanted to impose
their beliefs on the diverse culture of Spain,
so they began Inquisition to convert Jews
and Muslims to Christianity or they would
die.
Quiz Study Guide
1.
Vocabulary





Crusades
Holy Land
Pope Urban II
Ferdinand and Isabella
Reconquista
Inquisition
Quiz Study Guide
2.
3.
4.
5.
Where was the Byzantine Empire? What
was it before it was the Byzantine
Empire?
What was Pope Urban II’s reason (s) for
starting the Crusades?
What happened in Constantinople during
the 4th Crusade?
What were Ferdinand and Isabella’s
religious policies called? What did they
do?
Section 4
Learning and Culture Flourish
Learning and Culture Flourish
Medieval Universities Emerge
I.
Improved economic and political conditions
during the High Middle Ages.
A.
1.
Cathedral Schools became the first
universities.
B.
1.
C.
Education became important
Specialty schools began to show.
Life was tough with poor facilities and
students had to memorize lectures.
Learning and Culture Flourish
D.
E.
F.
A bachelor’s degree took 3-6 years and a
master’s degree took several years more.
Women could not receive a university
education but learned from convents.
Muslims translated many works of Greek
thinkers.
1.
G.
Sparked a learning revolution.
Scholasticism- Using reason to support
beliefs.
Learning and Culture Flourish
H.
I.
J.
Thomas Aquinas- said faith and reason
existed in harmony and led to the truth that
God rules.
Science and Math made little progress
because they didn’t go with Church
teachings.
Adopted Hindu-Arabic numerals instead of
Roman numerals.
Learning and Culture Flourish
Medieval Literature
II.
Writings appeared in vernacular, or
everyday language.
People began writing oral traditions.
Dante Alighieri- The Divine Comedy
A.
B.
C.
1.
His journey through Hell, Purgatory, and
Heaven.
Geoffrey Chaucer- The Canterbury Tales
D.
1.
Characters tell tales on their way to Saint
Thomas Becket’s tomb.
Learning and Culture Flourish
Architecture
III.
1140-Gothic style with flying buttresses or
stone supports outside the building.
A.
1.
B.
C.
D.
High thinner walls for stained glass windows.
Stone sculptures became popular as
decoration.
Altarpieces-symbolizes religious ideas
Illumination-decorating books with brilliant
colors
Section 5
Time of Crisis
Time of Crisis
The Black Death (1347)
I.
Bubonic Plague- spread by fleas from rats.
Became an epidemic
Came from rats who infested Chinese cities
in the early 1300s. (35 million dead)
Traders from Europe to Asia brought
disease back to Europe.
There was no solution to the disease
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1.
People tried magic or thought it was God’s will.
Time of Crisis
Life began to break down
F.
1.
2.
3.
Production died as the population dropped
Inflation surged as healthy workers demanded
more money
Social and economic unrest lasted for over 100
years.
Upheaval in the Church
II.
A.
The church could not provide strong
leadership and people lashed out at the
pope for his lavish lifestyle and for moving
the throne to France
Time of Crisis
B.
1378-Roman reformers elected a pope to
rule from Rome.
1.
C.
D.
Created a schism- split in the church.
1417-Council in Germany removed power
from popes and elected Martin V to rule from
Rome.
People began fighting against church rule.
1.
2.
John Wycliffe-Said the Bible, NOT the church
was the truth. Translated Bible into English.
Burned at the stake for heresy.
Time of Crisis
The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)
III.
England wanted land back from France.
Edward III-Son of a French princess,
claimed the French throne, starting the war.
A.
B.
1.
He wanted control of the English Channel and
trade.
Joan of Arc-claimed she was sent by God
to save France.
C.
1.
2.
Charles VII let her lead an army.
Led the French to several victories.
Time of Crisis
3.
4.
D.
E.
F.
She was captured by the English and burned at
the stake for witchcraft.
She was declared a saint.
French fought inspired and with a new
weapon called the canon, defeated the
English.
Throughout the war, English monarchs
turned to Parliament for funds for the war,
weakening their power.
The war caused England to created a large,
powerful army, instead of using royal
vassals.